Hydrogen from Renewable Energy: Photovoltaic/Water Electrolysis as an Exemplary Approach

Potential large-scale production of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen from water using photovoltaic solar energy conversion at the NASA Kennedy Space Center is examined in this paper. The example non-optimized, stand-alone facility described produces about 5.76 million pounds of liquid hydrogen per year, and 8 times that much liquid oxygen, which could support about 18 Space Shuttle launches per year. A 100-MWp flat-plate photovoltaic array, neasuring 1.65 square miles, is required. The full array is made up of 249 modular 400-kWp arrays with several electrical/gas product grids considered. Hydrogen and oxygen are produced with either dispersed or central water electrolyzers. A central product liquefaction- facility with 2-weeks f storage is provided. Estimated liquid hydrogen product costs, lewelized over a 20-year facility life, range few about $3.00 to$7.50/lb liquid hydrogen, depending Mainly on the cost of installed plioCovoltaics. (The range examined was $.50 t» f2/qp.) At about$l,50/Wp, a liquid hy- dngen eomrentional/non-f ossil cos t parity vnvld areem to be achievable over the period 1990 to 2010

Momentum Spectra of Charged Pions Produced in Proton-ProtonInteractions between 13 and 28.5 GeV/c

Proton-proton interactions with four or more charged particles in the final state are studied over a range of incident momenta between 13 and 28.5 GeV/c. Topology cross sections are presented. The center-of-mass momentum distributions of {pi}{sup +} and {pi}{sup -} are determined and are successfully parameterized. The {pi}{sup +} and {pi}{sup -} momentum spectra are found to have approximately the same shape. Multiple fireball production is not required by our data

Prevalence of dyslipidaemia and associated risk factors in a rural population in south-western Uganda : a community based survey

BACKGROUND: The burden of dyslipidaemia is rising in many low income countries. However, there are few data on the prevalence of, or risk factors for, dyslipidaemia in Africa. METHODS: In 2011, we used the WHO Stepwise approach to collect cardiovascular risk data within a general population cohort in rural south-western Uganda. Dyslipidaemia was defined by high total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5.2 mmol/L or low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) 6% (men aOR=3.00, 95%CI=1.37-6.59; women aOR=2.74, 95%CI=1.77-4.27). The odds of high TC was also higher among married men, and women with higher education or high BMI. CONCLUSION: Low HDL-C prevalence in this relatively young rural population is high whereas high TC prevalence is low. The consequences of dyslipidaemia in African populations remain unclear and prospective follow-up is required