Efficacy of the probiotic strain Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 in diarrhoea prevention in newborn foals

The aim of this work was to assess the effectiveness of the probiotic strain Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 for the prevention of neonatal diarrhea in one to three day-old foals. Fecal samples from twenty foals divided randomly in experimental and control groups were studied. The experimental group (n=10) received E. faecalis CECT7121 (1 x 1010 CFU/ml) orally in the first day of life and for a 6 days period. The control group (n=10) received distilled water for the same period. In 4/10 of the foals from the control group diarrhea was observed, conversely diarrhea cases were not observed in any of the foals belonging to the experimental group. The differences between groups were statistically significant (p<0.001). E. faecalis CECT7121 was isolated in faeces from the second day of treatment until six days after the end of the probiotic administration. Therefore, E. faecalis CECT 7121 may be considered as a biological tool for the prevention of neonatal diarrhea in foals. Any adverse effects, at least under the conditions of this assay, but more efficacy studies should be performed to evaluate this organism in the prevention or treatment of diseases in foals.

Efficacy of the probiotic strain Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 in diarrhoea prevention in newborn foals

The aim of this work was to assess the effectiveness of the probiotic strain Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 for the prevention of neonatal diarrhea in one to three day-old foals. Fecal samples from twenty foals divided randomly in experimental and control groups were studied. The experimental group (n=10) received E. faecalis CECT7121 (1 x 1010 CFU/ml) orally in the first day of life and for a 6 days period. The control group (n=10) received distilled water for the same period. In 4/10 of the foals from the control group diarrhea was observed, conversely diarrhea cases were not observed in any of the foals belonging to the experimental group. The differences between groups were statistically significant (p<0.001). E. faecalis CECT7121 was isolated in faeces from the second day of treatment until six days after the end of the probiotic administration. Therefore, E. faecalis CECT 7121 may be considered as a biological tool for the prevention of neonatal diarrhea in foals. Any adverse effects, at least under the conditions of this assay, but more efficacy studies should be performed to evaluate this organism in the prevention or treatment of diseases in foals.El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficacia del probiótico Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 en la prevención de la diarrea neonatal en potrillos de uno a tres días de edad. Se estudiaron muestras de materia fecal de veinte potrillos divididas al azar en grupos experimental y control. Los animales del grupo experimental (n=10) recibieron E. faecalis CECT7121 (1 x 1010 UFC/ml) por vía oral en el primer día de vida y por un período de 6 días. El grupo control (n=10) recibió agua destilada por el mismo período. Se observó que el 40% de los potrillos del grupo control presentaron diarrea, mientras que no se observaron casos de diarrea en ninguno de los potrillos pertenecientes al grupo experimental. Las diferencias entre los grupos fueron estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001). E. faecalis CECT7121 se aisló en heces desde el segundo día de tratamiento hasta seis días después del final de la administración del probiótico. Por lo tanto este hallazgo indicaría que E. faecalis CECT7121 podría ser considerado como una herramienta biológica para la prevención de la diarrea neonatal en potrillos sin ningún efecto adverso, al menos bajo las condiciones del presente ensayo, aunque más estudios de eficacia se deberían realizar para evaluar este organismo en la prevención o el tratamiento de enfermedades de los potrillos en los haras

Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia: a Longitudinal Study in 279 Adult Patients from a Single Center

Background: Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (BPP) is the most common clinical presentation of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Although it has been extensively studied, there is little knowledge in our region in relation to burden of disease, demographic and outcome features. Methods: We conducted a prospective, longitudinal, observational study from 1989 to 2015 in adult patients with BPP, in order to deepen our knowledge of the characteristics of this disease in our community hospital in Tandil, Argentina. Results: 279 patients were included. The mean incidence was 2.8/1000 admissions with a sharp decrease in the last two years, reaching 0.8/1000 admissions. Mean patient age was 60 years. Comorbidities were found in 65% of the cases. Non-respiratory symptoms occurred in 50% of cases. Infiltrates on chest x ray were predominantly unilateral (75%) and lobar (57%). Regarding severity, a low PSI score I-II-II was found in 178 patients (64%), 60 (22%) were admitted to ICU, 40 (14%) required mechanical ventilation, and 21 (8%) developed empyema. Penicillin resistance was not found. Mortality was 18% (49/279), and by a multivariate analysis it was associated with confusion (OR= 5.44), age\u3e80 years (OR =5.72), leukopenia (OR =5.73) and dyspnea (OR=7.87). Conclusions: In this study of 279 bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia we reinforce previous knowledge on this disease regarding incidence and clinical features and confirm a considerable an early mortality associated to age and severity of disease at onset. Recent changes in incidence of BPP in adults could be secondary to herd effect of PVC 13 a vaccine that is mandatory in children in our community since 2012

Treatment with Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 Is Not Effective as Therapy in Mice with an Established Allergy Status

In allergies, an unbalanced immune response towards a T helper (Th) 2 profile with high levels of Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is produced. We have demonstrated that the pre-administration of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 prevents the development of allergy in ovalbumin-immunized mice. In this work, we evaluated whether this bacterium can also revert an established allergic status. Mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and after that, were inoculated with an E. faecalis CECT7121 suspension. In immunized animals, serum specific immune response, proliferative activity of memory splenocytes, and levels of Th2 cytokines were assessed. The in vivo active cutaneous anaphylaxis test was also performed. The treatment with E. faecalis CECT7121 only increased anti-OVA IgG2a levels. No differences were observed in other specific immunological parameters. Probiotic-treatment did not prove to have any desensitizing effect on mice. These results, together with those recently published, can be concluded that this bacterium would not be appropriate for the treatment of allergic symptoms.Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM

Examining the Connections within the Startup Ecosystem: A Case Study of St. Louis

This paper documents the resurgence of entrepreneurial activity in St. Louis by reporting on the collaboration and local learning within the startup community. This activity is happening both between entrepreneurs and between organizations that provide support, such as mentoring and funding, to entrepreneurs. As these connections deepen, the strength of the entrepreneurial ecosystem grows. Another finding from the research is that activity-based events, where entrepreneurs have the chance to use and practice the skills needed to grow their businesses, are most useful. St. Louis provides a multitude of these activities, such as Startup Weekend, 1 Million Cups, Code Until Dawn, StartLouis, and GlobalHack. Some of these are St. Louis specific, but others have nationwide or global operations, providing important implications for other cities

Efecto del probiótico <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> CECT7121 sobre la capacidad infectiva de <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> a nivel intestinal en modelo murino

Cryptosporidium es un género de parásitos protozoos que afecta a todas las especies de mamíferos, peces, reptiles, y aves. En los últimos años, distintas causas de inmunosupresión, en particular el VIH-SIDA, lo han situado como un patógeno emergente. Más de 200 drogas han sido ensayadas tanto in vitro como in vivo para el tratamiento de la infección por Cryptosporidium, y ninguna ha demostrado ser totalmente efectiva. El incremento de pacientes inmunosuprimidos ha aumentado la necesidad de encontrar un tratamiento adecuado para esta infección. Los microorganismos probióticos constituyen una alternativa terapéutica interesante, ya que podrían interferir en el ingreso del parásito a las microvellosidades intestinales. El uso de probióticos en forma individual o sinérgica con drogas antiparasitarias podría acelerar el clearance parasitario, evitando las complicaciones secundarias a la diarrea crónica.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Efecto del probiótico <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> CECT7121 sobre la capacidad infectiva de <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> a nivel intestinal en modelo murino

Cryptosporidium es un género de parásitos protozoos que afecta a todas las especies de mamíferos, peces, reptiles, y aves. En los últimos años, distintas causas de inmunosupresión, en particular el VIH-SIDA, lo han situado como un patógeno emergente. Más de 200 drogas han sido ensayadas tanto in vitro como in vivo para el tratamiento de la infección por Cryptosporidium, y ninguna ha demostrado ser totalmente efectiva. El incremento de pacientes inmunosuprimidos ha aumentado la necesidad de encontrar un tratamiento adecuado para esta infección. Los microorganismos probióticos constituyen una alternativa terapéutica interesante, ya que podrían interferir en el ingreso del parásito a las microvellosidades intestinales. El uso de probióticos en forma individual o sinérgica con drogas antiparasitarias podría acelerar el clearance parasitario, evitando las complicaciones secundarias a la diarrea crónica.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Detection of β-Lactamase-Producing <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> Isolates in Human Invasive Infections in the Public Hospital of Tandil, Argentina

The study’s aim was to analyze the population structure of enterococci causing human invasive infections in a medium-sized Argentinian Hospital coincidental with a 5 year-period of increased recovery of antibiotic resistant enterococci (2010–2014). Species identification (biochemical testing/MALDI-TOF-MS), antimicrobial susceptibility (disk-diffusion) and clonal relatedness (PFGE/MLST/BAPS) were determined according to standard guidelines. β-lactamase production was determined by a nitrocefin test and confirmed by PCR/sequencing. The isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium at a 2:1 ratio. Most of the E. faecalis isolates, grouped in 25 PFGE-types (ST9/ST179/ST236/ST281/ST388/ST604/ST720), were resistant to high-levels (HLR) of gentamicin/streptomycin. A ST9 clone (bla+/HLR-gentamicin) was detected in patients of different wards during 2014. E. faecium isolates were grouped in 10 PFGE-types (ST25/ST18/ST19/ST52/ST792), with a low rate of ampicillin resistance. Five vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, three vanA (ST792/ST25) and two vanB (ST25) were detected. The ST25 clone carried either vanA or vanB. The recovery of a bla+-ST9-E. faecalis clone similar to that described in the late 1980s in Argentina suggests the possibility of a local hidden reservoir. These results reflect the relevance of local epidemiology in understanding the population structure of enterococci as well as the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in predominant enterococcal clonal lineages.Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos AiresCentro Universitario de Estudios Microbiológicos y Parasitológico

Treatment with Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 Is Not Effective as Therapy in Mice with an Established Allergy Status

In allergies, an unbalanced immune response towards a T helper (Th) 2 profile with high levels of Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is produced. We have demonstrated that the pre-administration of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 prevents the development of allergy in ovalbumin-immunized mice. In this work, we evaluated whether this bacterium can also revert an established allergic status. Mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and after that, were inoculated with an E. faecalis CECT7121 suspension. In immunized animals, serum specific immune response, proliferative activity of memory splenocytes, and levels of Th2 cytokines were assessed. The in vivo active cutaneous anaphylaxis test was also performed. The treatment with E. faecalis CECT7121 only increased anti-OVA IgG2a levels. No differences were observed in other specific immunological parameters. Probiotic-treatment did not prove to have any desensitizing effect on mice. These results, together with those recently published, can be concluded that this bacterium would not be appropriate for the treatment of allergic symptoms.Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM

Celulitis por Neisseria meningitidis: comunicación de un caso

Objetivo: comunicar un caso de celulitis por Neisseria meningitidis en muslo izquierdo en un lactante atendido en el Hospital de Niños del Municipio de Tandil, Provincia de Buenos Aires e investigar la portación familiar de esta bacteria.Facultad de Ciencias Médica