The big challenge to be small and innovative: the paradigm of open innovation applied to SMEs

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A new Editorial Board of Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease

In recent years, Monaldi has reached a widespread diffusion and consolidated its reputation as a good quality scientific journal in the field of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. Many of these achievements are due to the hard work of many pulmonary physicians, most of them, including the last two former Editors, Claudio F. Donner and Ciro Rampulla, part of the FSM and distinguished leaders of research groups in their field. Commercing in 2002, Monaldi has divided the published issues in a Cardiologic and in a Pulmonary Series, issued separately. This year, FSM decided to renew also the Editorial Board of the Pulmonary series. Beginning with the present issue we (Antonio Spanevello and Bruno Balbi) are the two new Co-Editors. We are currently Head and Scientific Secretary, respectively, of the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, the organization that comprises the Pulmonary Physicians working at FSM. As Editors we will work together with two Deputy Editors (Dr. Mirco Lusuardi, Head of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Health Authority of Reggio Emilia and Dr. Maurizio Luisetti, Head of Biochemistry and Genetics in Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pavia) and two Executive Editors (Dr. Giuseppe Brunetti and Dr. Luca Bianchi, both at FSM). This \u201cunder fifty\u201d Editorial Board, is deeply committed to doing the best for our Journal and to continue and extend the precious work done by the previous Editors. We heritage a healthy and well-nourished scientific journal. It is an honor and a privilege to take over as Editors from Ciro Rampulla and we thank him for his wise and culturally rich contribution to Monaldi. As Editor in Chief of the past Editorial Board in the last 2 years Ciro worked hard and refined the editorial and administrative procedures, with the full support of the FSM. His example will be a guide for us to chair the Editorial Board of the Journal

The fight against tobacco

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Accomplishments, engagements and new challenges for the Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease

The Editors: Antonio Spanevello, Bruno Balbi Another year has passed, and we would like to thank and recognize all of the many members who have contributed to the editorial process and content of Monaldi during 2018. Our submissions are increasing, citations for our papers are rising, and recognition of the journal is broadening. Not settled for focusing on past goings-on only, we now direct our efforts toward building an even greater impact

Chronic bronchial asthma from challenge to treatment: epidemiology and social impact.

Asthma is an important cause of chronic morbidity and a crucial health problem among children and adults worldwide, with high prevalence rates particularly in many developed countries.Increasing morbidity, hospital admission rates, use of medical services, drug use and, in some countries, increasing mortality rates have been reported.3 However, controversy still exists regarding the epidemiology of asthma. There are two serious problems which need to be considered when trying to obtain reliable data on the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of asthma. The first relates to definition; despite substantial advances in understanding the pathogenesis, genetics, and clinical characteristics of asthma, we do not have a useful definition of asthma for epidemiological purposes.2 The second problem concerns the different methods used to collect epidemiological data and information. More recently two international studies\u2014the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS)4 and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)5\u2014have used the same internationally standardised questionnaire to provide important data on the prevalence of asthma

Tidal breathing affects airway responsiveness to methacholine.

Abstract Asthma is characterized by increased airway responsiveness and airway inflammation. Airway hyperresponsiveness may be caused by increased airway smooth muscle contractility or by a decrease in the mechanical load that opposes airway smooth muscle contraction. Under static conditions, the equilibrium between contractility and load will determine the final airway smooth muscle length and therefore airway caliber. Because of tidal breathing, however, lungs normally function under dynamic conditions where both airway contractility and opposing load are affected. The capability of tidal breathing to appropriately modulate airway function might be the mechanism that differentiates airways of asthmatics from those of normal subjects

ARRANJOS E ENCAMINHAMENTOS DA HERANÇA NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR

A problemática em torno da continuidade da agricultura familiar, expressa pela sucessão ou falta de sucessão do agricultor, reflete-se no encaminhamento da herança. É a permanência de pelo menos um dos filhos e a vontade de herdar o patrimônio familiar que garante a continuidade dos estabelecimentos. Estudos recentes mostram a falta de desejo dos filhos em suceder seus pais, especialmente às filhas. Assim, muitos estabelecimentos poderão não ter sucessor e conseqüentemente, inviabilizar a continuidade do mesmo, pois os pais não terão para quem deixar suas terras. Nesse sentido, é necessário entender como os agricultores estão procedendo o encaminhamento da herança, diante da possibilidade de ter ou não sucessores. Para tanto, alguns questionamentos guiam a presente pesquisa. Quando não há filhos ou filhas dispostos a permanecer, como fica a questão da herança? Entre os agricultores com sucessão, de que forma ocorrem os arranjos relativos à distribuição da herança? Tendo como base estes questionamentos, o objetivo desse artigo é entender e analisar o encaminhamento da herança entre os agricultores com e sem sucessores, mostrando as formas ou arranjos projetados, possíveis e/ou acertados em torno herança. Para tanto, foram entrevistados 41 agricultores familiares dos municípios de Pinhal Grande e Dona Francisca, ambos situados na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, dentre os quais, 16 foram considerados agricultores sem sucessão e 25 com sucessão. Os resultados revelaram diferentes possibilidades de encaminhamento da herança, de acordo com a presença ou não de sucessores. Destaca-se, a venda do estabelecimento, no caso de não haver sucessor ou a transferência para os filhos, transferência total ou parcial diante da presença de pelo menos um sucessor. Os demais filhos tendem a serem compensados com recursos financeiros, estudos, imóveis urbanos, ou terras em outros locais, dependendo da ocupação dos mesmos.------------------------------------------------The problem around the continuity of the familiar agriculture expressed by the farmer’s succession or not is reflected by the heritage conduction. It is the permanence of at least one of the sons in the property and the wish of inheriting the familiar patrimony that assures the continuity of the establishments. Recent studies show that sons do not aim at succeeding their parents, especially daughters. Thus, many properties may not have successors, and, consequently, it can be unfeasible their continuity, because parents will not have anyone to pass their lands. It is necessary to understand the way farmers are proceeding at the heritage management before the possibility of having or not successors. For this reason, some questions guide this research. When there are no sons or daughters who want to remain on the lands, what about the heritage problem? Among the farmers having succession, how do the arrangements related to the heritage distribution occur? Based on these questions or problem, this article aims at understanding and analyzing the heritage conduction among farmers with successors or not, showing the projected, possible and/or treated ways or arrangements around the heritage. It was interviewed 41 familiar farmers from Pinhal Grande and Dona Francisca, towns located at the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state, where 16 were considered farmers without succession and 25 with succession. The studies revealed different ways which it is possible to conduct the heritage, according to the presence of successors or not. It is indicated the selling of the property if there is no successor or the transference to the sons and the total or partial transfer in case of permanence of at least one successor. The other sons tend to be compensated with financial resources, studies, urban assets, or lands in other places, depending of their current occupation.herança, sucessão, agricultura familiar, reprodução social, heritage, succession, familiar agriculture, social reproduction, Farm Management,

Induced sputum in the management of COPD: clinical implications

Sputum induction can be used as a non-invasive technique to investigate airway inflammation in asthma and COPD. We reported the case of a 68 year old man with COPD, stage III GOLD, that underwent sputum induction during two exacerbation episodes. The first cell count showed a typical sputum neutrophilia, whereas the second showed sputum eosinophilia. On the basis of sputum cellularity, we decided to treat the first episode with a course of antibiotics and the second exacerbation with a course of antibiotics and oral steroids. The patient showed improvement in both cases, obtaining clinical stabilisation. The induced sputum cell count could be a useful technique in a clinical setting to evaluate the cellular characteristics of airway inflammation during COPD exacerbation and modulate the antinflammatory therapy

Italian Cultural Institutions Across and Beyond Covid-19: Designing Digital Cultural Experiences in Extra-Ordinary Times

Covid-19 has accelerated the digital transformation of cultural institutions. They have tackled the temporary shutdowns of their spaces shaping digital cultural experiences, to go beyond their ‘walls’ and enter their audiences’ homes with the aim of fostering existing relationships or creating new ones. Focusing on Italy, this research poses the question: how has the pandemic changed the design of cultural experiences? The five case studies track the evolution of cultural experiences during the health emergency. The assumption is that the pandemic has shaped the supply side as much as the demand, generating possibilities and scenarios for cultural experiences that could coexist with traditional modes. The cases are selected and interpreted based on a survey conducted from July 2020 to January 2021. The results suggest that online and onsite cultural experiences are converging, with important implications for accessibility and inclusion