Technical Overview and Prospect of India’s First Solar Mission - Aditya L1 Spacecraft

The Aditya-L1 mission represents a significant milestone in solar research, aimed at unlocking the mysteries of our closest star, the Sun. This paper provides an overview of the mission's objectives, scientific instruments, and key findings. By placing a spacecraft in a Lagrangian point L1 orbit, Aditya-L1 offers an unprecedented vantage point for continuous solar observations. The primary scientific goals include studying the Sun's dynamic atmosphere, monitoring solar variability, and enhancing our understanding of space weather and its impact on Earth. The paper discusses the advanced instrumentation onboard, such as the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC), the Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT), and the Aditya Solar Wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX), highlighting their contributions to solar science. Furthermore, this paper presents early results and insights obtained from Aditya-L1's observations, shedding light on solar phenomena, solar eruptions, and their influence on Earth's space environment. The Aditya-L1 mission stands as a testament to international collaboration and technological advancements, poised to reshape our understanding of the Sun and its profound effects on our solar system

Study of histopathological patterns of endometrium in abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the commonest presenting symptom in gynaecology out- patient department. Endometrial sampling could be effectively used as the first diagnostic step in AUB. This study was done to evaluate histopathology of endometrium for identifying the endometrial causes of AUB. And also, to observe the incidence of various endometrial pathology in different age groups presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: A one-year prospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecologist in A. J. institute of medical sciences and research centre which included 200 cases of clinically diagnosed AUB patients. Histopathological examination of endometrial biopsies specimens was done, followed by clinical correlation.Results: The most common age group presenting with AUB was 41-50 years (43.84%). The commonest pattern in these patients was normal cycling endometrium (42.32%). The commonest pathology irrespective of the age group was disordered proliferative pattern (26.15%). Other causes identified atrophic endometrium (11.5%), benign endometrial polyp (5.38%), endometrial hyperplasia (5.41%), carcinomas (0.79%) and chronic endometritis (1.54%).Conclusions: The knowledge of endometrial pattern in a case of AUB helps to decide a plan of management. Endometrial sampling plays a very important role in management of AUB, especially in the age group of more than 40 years; i.e., the peri and post-menopausal age groups, where incidence of malignant or pre malignant conditions was noted to be the highest

SEARCH ENGINES USING EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS

A subset of AI is, evolutionary algorithm (EA) which involves evolutionary computation, a generic populationbased meta heuristic optimization algorithm. An EA uses some mechanisms inspired by biological evolution: reproduction, mutation, recombination, and selection. A genetic algorithm (GA) is a search technique used in computing to find exact or approximate solutions to optimization and search problems. Working of a search engine deals with searching for the indexed pages and referring to the related pages within a very short span of. Search engines commonly work through indexing. The paper deals with how a search engine works and how evolutionary algorithms can be used to develop a search engine that feeds on previous user requests to retrieve alternative documents that may not be returned by more conventional search engines

Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Progesterone and Estrogen

Steroid hormones viz. progesterone, estrogen were estimated through TLC in a concentration and time dependent manner i.e. 2.5mg/ml, 5.0mg/ml for 30 & 45 minutes and, 0.2mg/ml, 0.4mg/ml for 30 & 45 minutes respectively. Progesterone and estrogen were stained with 50% v/v aq. solution of Conc. H2SO4 and were estimated through TLC in a concentration and time dependent manner. Different steroid hormones travel at different rates due to the differences in their attraction to the stationary phase and because of differences in solubility in the solvent. These Rf values obtained from both the hormones were then compared and it was found that there was a reasonable difference. Further, a study on the interaction of steroid hormones with fatty acids and proteins was undertaken using a spectrophotometer. Steroid hormones viz. progesterone and estrogen were made to interact with measured amounts of alcohol, stearic acid and bovine serum albumin (BSA) and their absorbance were recorded at the excitation wavelength of 410 nm using a spectrophotometer. Progesterone (conc.2mg/ml) and estrogen (conc. 0.5mg/ml) were each mixed with 0.1 ml, 0.2ml and 0.4ml of stearic acid (conc. 0.5mg/ml) and 5 mg, 10 mg and 15 mg of BSA separately and their absorbance were noted at 410nm. A slight shift in the absorbance was found on the overall interaction of steroids: progesterone and estrogen with alcohol, stearic acid and BSA respectively, when excited to 410 nm. Thus an attempt was made to establish a valid spectrophotometric procedure for the study of interaction of steroid hormones with fatty acids and proteins

Classification of Atrial Fibrillation using Random Forest Algorithm

The electrocardiogram is indicates the electrical activity of the heart and it can be used to detect cardiac arrhythmias. In the present work, we exhibited a methodology to classify Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Normal rhythm, and Other abnormal ECG rhythms using a machine learning algorithm by analyzing single-lead ECG signals of short duration. First, the events of ECG signals will be detected, after that morphological features and HRV features are extracted. Finally, these features are applied to the Random Forest classifier to perform classification. The Physionet challenge 2017 dataset with more than 8500 ECG recordings is used to train our model. The proposed methodology yields an F1 score of 0.86, 0.97, and 0.83 respectively in classifying AF, normal, other rhythms, and an accuracy of 0.91 after performing a 5-fold cross-validation

Impact of Capital Budgeting Decision on Profitability of Firm – Selected Listed Automobile Companies in India

Purpose: Profitability plays an important function in the business operations and determines the value by which a business is held. The study set to investigate the impact of capital budgeting decisions on profitability of Automobile firms. Capital budgeting particularly addressed five areas of the study that included capital budgeting decisions (acquisition of long-term assets, replacement of long-term assets, investment appraisal techniques, outsourcing expenditure and working capital decisions) had a biggest and significant effect on profitability of the organizations.   Methodology: This study basically involved survey of the Automobile Companies listed in NSE in India. Any business that seeks to invest its resources in a project without understanding the risks and returns involved would be held as irresponsible by its owners or shareholders. This study considered 10 companies are taken from Automobile sectors, which is listed in NSE. Correlation and paired T test were used.   Findings: This study basically involved survey of the Automobile Companies listed in NSE in India.The findings set up that there was relationship between the independent variables of capital budgeting decisions and profitability. The study was examined the outcome of capital budgeting Impact on profitability of listed firms in India. The independent variables for the study were Capital Budgeting and Profitability.   Research implications:  it is evident that Maruti and Tata Motors produced positive and statistically significant values for this study (high t-values (12.37 and 11.26), p =0.00) respectively. Eicher Motor resulted a Lowest but insignificant values (t= 2.11, p = 0.07).   Originality/Outcome: The study found that positive impact of capital budgeting on profitability of the firms under the study

2,2-Dichloro-N-(4-methyl­phenyl­sulfonyl)acetamide

The N—H and C=O bonds in the title compound, C9H9Cl2NO3S, are trans to each other, similar to what is observed in 2,2,2-trimethyl-N-(phenyl­sulfon­yl)acetamide and 2,2,2-trimethyl-N-(4-methyl­phenyl­sulfon­yl)acetamide. The bond parameters in the title compound are also similar to those in the aforementioned two structures. N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the mol­ecules into chains running along the a axis

Crystal structure of 1-benzylsulfonyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline

SJ thanks the Vision Group on Science and Technology, Government of Karnataka, for the award of a major project under the CISE scheme (reference No. VGST/CISE/GRD192/2013-14). BSPM thanks Rajegowda, Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, UCS, Tumkur University, Karnataka 572 103, India, for his support.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

2,2,2-Trimethyl-N-(4-methyl­phenyl­sulfon­yl)acetamide

The bond parameters and conformations of the N—H and C=O bonds of the SO2—NH—CO—C group in the title compound, C12H17NO3S, anti to each other, are similar to what has been observed in related structures. The benzene ring and the SO2—NH—CO—C group make a dihedral angle of 71.2 (1)°. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers