Investigation of the Liverpool Bay mixing front using POLCOMS

Liverpool Bay, northwest UK, is a region of freshwater influence and hypertidal conditions. The river inflow from the 3 large estuary systems (Dee, Mersey and Ribble) forms a coastal front that moves < 10 km in response to semi-diurnal tidal straining and < 35 km due to the spring-neap cycle. The time variability of the density gradients in this coastal region are mainly controlled by salinity. Coastal observations are used in this study to improve the numerical simulation of the exchange process occurring at this front through improved spatial structure and temporal variability. A decade of Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor observations were collected during cruises across a nearshore grid of monitoring stations. These data are used in addition to fixed mooring data that are near-continuous in time to validate numerical simulations using the 1-way nested Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal Ocean Modelling System (POLCOMS) at ~1.8km and 180m horizontal resolution. A downscaled simulation is used to investigate the influence of model resolution, inclusion of wetting and drying, diffusivity, turbulence advection and the influence of model boundary and initial conditions for select cruise periods in 2008. This year is chosen as a typical year with periods of calm and stormy conditions with variable river influence to investigate the seasonal frontal structure. A method to validate the spatial structure of the front is presented demonstrating the importance of a fine-resolution grid and improved physics to capture the details

Análises morfométricas entre apis mellifera da mesorregiao do sertao paraibano

Objetivou-se, com esse trabalho, caracterizar as populações de Apis mellifera da mesorregião do Sertão paraibano, comparando os indivíduos morfometricamente. As medidas tomadas foram: comprimento da asa anterior (CAA) e largura da asa anterior (LAA), ângulos B4, E9, G18, J16, K19, N23, O26 e distância b (Db); comprimento da asa posterior (CAP) e largura da asa posterior (LAP), distância L2 (DL2), L5 (DL5) e ângulo W3, comprimento do fêmur (CF), comprimento da tíbia (CT), comprimento do tarso (CTS) e largura do tarso (LTS) e comprimento da probóscide (CP). Para a comparação das diferentes variáveis estudadas utilizou-se a análise de variância, o teste de Tukey, análise canônica e o teste de Tocher a 5% de significância. Para as medidas realizadas em cada amostra utilizou-se um equipamento de análise de imagens, Programa Image Pro Plus 4.0. As variáveis CTS e LTS, ângulos G18 e K19 e DL2 diferiram significativamente (p<0,05) entre as localidades estudadas de acordo com o teste de Tukey. A análise canônica mostrou a existência de um agrupamento com base nas características morfológicas entre duas das localidades estudadas apesar da distância geográfica. Concluiu-se que existem dois grupos distintos morfometricamente para a microrregião estudada e que há um processo adaptativo das abelhas, quanto às medidas morfométricas, para as diferentes regiões geomorfológicas

Using content analysis to characterise the sensory typicity and quality judgements of Australian Cabernet Sauvignon wines

Understanding the sensory attributes that explain the typicity of Australian Cabernet Sauvignon wines is essential for increasing value and growth of Australia's reputation as a fine wine producer. Content analysis of 2598 web-based wine reviews from well-known wine writers, including tasting notes and scores, was used to gather information about the regional profiles of Australian Cabernet Sauvignon wines and to create selection criteria for further wine studies. In addition, a wine expert panel evaluated 84 commercial Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Coonawarra, Margaret River, Yarra Valley and Bordeaux, using freely chosen descriptions and overall quality scores. Using content analysis software, a sensory lexicon of descriptor categories was built and frequencies of each category for each region were computed. Distinction between the sensory profiles of the regions was achieved by correspondence analysis (CA) using online review and expert panellist data. Wine quality scores obtained from reviews and experts were converted into Australian wine show medal categories. CA of assigned medal and descriptor frequencies revealed the sensory attributes that appeared to drive medal-winning wines. Multiple factor analysis of frequencies from the reviews and expert panellists indicated agreement about descriptors that were associated with wines of low and high quality, with greater alignment at the lower end of the wine quality assessment scale.Lira Souza Gonzaga, Dimitra L. Capone, Susan E.P. Bastian, Lukas Danner and David W. Jeffer

Avaliação Da Assistência Oftalmológica Na Perspectiva Dos Usuários

The prevalence of need of, access to, and dissatisfaction with ophthalmic assistance was estimated among those who were assisted in such services in the last year; factors associated with dissatisfaction were identified. Complex probabilistic sample was used. A descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analysis with correction for design effect was conducted. Of 2.582 participants, 76% needed assistance and, of those, 82.5% possessed access to it. Among patients who received assistance in the last year, 13.1% were dissatisfied. Dissatisfaction was higher among older patients, those who went walking or cycling to the location of assistance, and those who described the following aspects as regular/bad/terrible: being received and treated with respect, the clarity with which the service provider explained things, and their autonomy to choose their provider of ophthalmic assistance. Most of them was in need of and possessed access to assistance. Dissatisfaction was low. Patient’s age, means of transport used to get to the local of the assistance, patient-professional relationship, and autonomy to choose are factors that interfere for the outcome of dissatisfaction. © 2016, Assocaicao Brasileira de Pos, Gradacao em Saude Coletiva. All rights reserved.19239040

A Raman Study of Morphotropic Phase Boundary in PbZr1-xTixO3 at low temperatures

Raman spectra of PbZr1-xTixO3 ceramics with titanium concentration varying between 0.40 and 0.60 were measured at 7 K. By observing the concentration-frequency dependence of vibrational modes, we identified the boundaries among rhombohedral, monoclinic, and tetragonal ferroelectric phases. The analysis of the spectra was made in the view of theory group analysis making possible the assignment of some modes for the monoclinic phase.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Volume averaging in the quasispherical Szekeres model

This paper considers the volume averaging in the quasispherical Szekeres model. The volume averaging became of considerable interest after it was shown that the volume acceleration calculated within the averaging framework can be positive even though the local expansion rate is always decelerating. This issue was intensively studied within spherically symmetric models. However, since our Universe is not spherically symmetric similar analysis is needed in non symmetrical models. This papers presents the averaging analysis within the quasispherical Szekeres model which is a non-symmetrical generalisation of the spherically symmetric Lema\^itre--Tolman family of models. Density distribution in the quasispherical Szekeres has a structure of a time-dependent mass dipole superposed on a monopole. This paper shows that when calculating the volume acceleration, $\ddot{a}$, within the Szekeres model, the dipole does not contribute to the final result, hence $\ddot{a}$ only depends on a monopole configuration. Thus, the volume averaging within the Szekeres model leads to literally the same solutions as obtained within the Lema\^itre--Tolman model.Comment: 8 pages; calculation of the spatial Ricci scalar added; accepted for publication in Gen. Rel. Gra

Quantificação do carbono das substâncias húmicas em diferentes sistemas de uso do solo e épocas de avaliação.

A quantificação do carbono nas diferentes frações da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) torna-se necessária devido ao interesse de se conhecer o potencial de captura e armazenamento do carbono nos diferentes sistemas de uso do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o carbono das substâncias húmicas em diferentes sistemas de uso do solo e épocas de avaliação e correlacioná-lo com algumas propriedades químicas e físicas do solo. Os sistemas selecionados foram: preparo convencional (PC-milho/feijão), plantio direto (PD-berinjela/milho), consórcio maracujá/Desmodium sp, cultivo com figo e sistema agroflorestal. As amostras de solo foram coletadas em duas profundidades (0-5 e 5-10 cm) e épocas (17/11/2005–verão e 23/6/2006-inverno). Foi determinado o carbono orgânico total (COT) e realizado o fracionamento químico da MOS, quantificando-se o carbono da fração humina (C-HUM), fração ácido húmico (C-FAH) e fração ácido fúlvico (C-FAF). O C-HUM constituiu a maior parte do COT, havendo correlação significativa com o COT em todos os sistemas avaliados e estações. Analisando o C-FAH foi possível identificar alterações no solo relacionadas aos sistemas de uso, na profundidade de 0-5 cm e no verão, destacando-se o PD com os maiores teores. Com o C-FAF ocorreu este mesmo comportamento, mas na profundidade de 5-10 cm e no inverno, destacando-se o PC com maiores valores. Foram verificadas correlações significativas entre Valor S, Valor T e DMP em todos os sistemas, com exceção da área de PC. O PD aumenta os teores de C-FAH, nas duas profundidades e nas duas estações, quando comparado ao PC do solo

Stability of the monoclinic phase in the ferroelectric perovskite PbZr(1-x)TixO3

Recent structural studies of ferroelectric PbZr(1-x)TixO3 (PZT) with x= 0.48, have revealed a new monoclinic phase in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), previously regarded as the the boundary separating the rhombohedral and tetragonal regions of the PZT phase diagram. In the present paper, the stability region of all three phases has been established from high resolution synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction measurements on a series of highly homogeneous samples with 0.42 <=x<= 0.52. At 20K the monoclinic phase is stable in the range 0.46 <=x<= 0.51, and this range narrows as the temperature is increased. A first-order phase transition from tetragonal to rhombohedral symmetry is observed only for x= 0.45. The MPB, therefore, corresponds not to the tetragonal-rhombohedral phase boundary, but instead to the boundary between the tetragonal and monoclinic phases for 0.46 <=x<= 0.51. This result provides important insight into the close relationship between the monoclinic phase and the striking piezoelectric properties of PZT; in particular, investigations of poled samples have shown that the monoclinic distortion is the origin of the unusually high piezoelectric response of PZT.Comment: REVTeX file, 7 figures embedde