Desenvolvimento inicial de Euterpe oleracea Mart. em função de recipientes usados na produção de mudas

The açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a natural species of the lowland areas of the Amazon region, with the state of Pará as the largest center of natural dispersion of this palm. Much of its production comes from extractivism and has the potential to increase fruit production by projecting the scenario for the advancement of the species' cultivation to the mainland, but it needs to be framed in market standards, therefore, improvement must occur. of seedling production techniques. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the initial development in açaí plants, produced in containers with different volumes and substrates, during 360 days in the field. The test was carried out in the experimental field of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, in Belém, PA. Açaizeiro seedlings of the cultivar BRS Pará, produced in two types of substrates (commercial and conventional) were used. For the production of seedlings, the following types of containers were used: plastic bag with dimensions of 18 x 24 cm (1900 cm³), which is recommended for the production of açaí seedlings and other fruit trees and tubes with volumes of 280, 175 and 95 cm³. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized block design, using four replications and five plants per plot. Field evaluations took place every 60 days after planting. The variables measured were: plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves. It was observed that the treatments in polyethylene bag had greater development in the analyzed variables, regardless of the substrate used. It was found that there was no significant difference between treatments resulting from seedlings produced in tubes. Therefore, it is concluded that the plants of E. oleracea Mart, cultivar BRS Pará, presented greater initial development when coming from seedlings produced in polyethylene bags in relation to the other containers.O açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) é uma espécie natural das áreas de várzea da região amazônica, sendo o estado do Pará como o maior centro de dispersão natural dessa palmeira. Grande parte de sua produção provém do extrativismo e possui potencial de incremento da produção de frutos ao projetar o cenário para o avanço do cultivo da espécie para a terra firme, mas necessita estar enquadrado nos padrões de mercado, portanto, deve-se ocorrer o aperfeiçoamento das técnicas de produção de mudas. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial em plantas de açaizeiro, produzidas em recipientes com diferentes volumes e substratos, durante 360 dias em campo. O ensaio foi realizado no campo experimental da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, em Belém, PA. Foram utilizadas mudas de açaizeiro da cultivar BRS Pará, produzidas em dois tipos de substratos (comercial e o convencional). Para a produção de mudas foram usados os seguintes tipos de recipientes: saco de plástico com as dimensões de 18 x 24 cm (1900 cm³), a qual é recomendada para a produção de mudas de açaizeiro e outras fruteiras e tubetes com volumes de 280, 175 e 95 cm³. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento experimental em blocos inteiramente casualizados, utilizando-se quatro repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. As avaliações em campo ocorreram a cada 60 dias após o plantio. As variáveis mensuradas foram: altura da planta, diâmetro do coleto e número de folhas. Observou-se que os tratamentos em saco de polietileno houve maior desenvolvimento nas variáveis analisadas, independente do substrato usado. Verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos resultantes de mudas produzidas em tubete. Portanto, conclui-se que as plantas de E. oleracea Mart, da cultivar BRS Pará, apresentaram maior desenvolvimento inicial quando oriundas de mudas produzidas em sacos de polietileno em relação aos demais recipientes

Evaluation of Alternative Halo Ring Positions in Children Using Tomography

OBJECTIVES: The halo ring can be applied in children, through skeletal traction or a halo vest device, to treat many cervical spine pathologies, including traumatic injuries and pathologies related to deformities. However, the procedure is associated with various complications, such as infection, pin loosening, and respiratory and neurological problems. Although widely studied in adults, the best pin insertion site in children and the correlations of pin insertion sites with outcomes and complications have not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to determine alternative pin placement sites based on a morphological analysis of the infant skull by computerized tomography (CT). METHODS: An analytical-descriptive study was performed using 50 CT scans from children. The Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were used. RESULTS: A linear and directly proportional relation was found between cranial thickness and patient age. The average thicknesses of the anterior points across all ages analyzed ranged from 4.16 mm to 4.98 mm. The thicknesses of the posterior points varied from 3.94 mm to 4.27 mm. Within each age range, points 1 cm above the standard insertion sites had thicknesses similar to those of the standard sites, and points 2 cm above the standard insertion sites had thicknesses greater than those of the standard sites. CONCLUSIONS: The cranial thickness at all points increases linearly with age. Points 1 and 2 cm above the standard insertion sites are viable alternatives for the placement of halo pins. Preoperative CT can aid in choosing the best positioning sites for pins in the skull

Profile of patients from a psychosocial care centre for children and adolescents in São Paulo City, Brazil

Psychosocial Care Centres for children and adolescents (CAPSi) are the main services concerning Brazilian Psychiatric Reform and aim to the assistance of children and adolescents suffering from persistent psychic diseases. The objective of the paper is to describe the profile of patients of a CAPSi, considering sex, age, diagnosis, kind of referral, school insertion and reason for searching for the service. METHOD: data have been collected from all active patients files from a unit from São Paulo state, Brazil - one hundred and three - through a protocol. This paper shows partial data from a project entitled Epidemiologic and Social demographic characteristics of patients of the CAPSi from São Paulo state. RESULTS: most patients assisted in this service are between five and fifteen years old (68,9%) and are male (61,2%). Behavioural and emotional disorders afected 21,4% of all patients, followed by disorders of psychological development (16,2%) and mental retardation (10,5%). Patients were referred to the unit mostly by State Child Protection Agency (22,3%) and had motor neuronal problems (17,5%), school difficulties (15,5%) and social behavior matters (14,6%) as the main reasons for searching for assistance. CONCLUSIONS: the high number of motor neuronal problems may indicate specific characteristics of the unit, which has taken patients and professionals from an older outpatient rehabilitations service. The great number of relevant characteristics were not found in patients files may show lack of standard in registration.INTRODUÇÃO: os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSi) constituem ponta de lança das ações da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira e têm por finalidade o atendimento de crianças e adolescentes com transtornos psíquicos graves. O objetivo é caracterizar o perfil dos usuários de um CAPSi, considerando sexo, idade, hipótese diagnóstica, origem do encaminhamento, inserção escolar e motivo de consulta. MÉTODO: por meio de um protocolo, foram coletados dados da totalidade de prontuários ativos de uma unidade da Grande São Paulo - cento e três - no mês de janeiro de 2008. RESULTADOS: a maioria dos usuários atendidos está na faixa etária de cinco a quinze anos (68,9%) e é do sexo masculino (61,2%). O grupo de transtornos de comportamento e transtornos emocionais corresponde a 21,4%, seguido pelos transtornos do desenvolvimento global (16,2%) e retardo mental (10,5%). A maioria dos usuários foi encaminhada pelo Conselho Tutelar (22,3%) e tiveram como principal motivo da consulta queixas neuromotoras (17,5%), escolares (15,5%) e sociocomportamentais (14,6%). CONCLUSÕES: o número elevado de crianças com problemas neuromotores pode indicar características específicas da instituição estudada que absorveu pacientes e profissionais de um antigo serviço de reabilitação. O grande número de questões relevantes não encontradas apontam para a falta de padronização dos prontuários

Evaluation of total polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity of different commercial cocoa (theobroma cacao) powders) / Avaliação do teor de polifenóis totais e capacidade antioxidante de diferentes pós comerciais de cacau (theobroma cacao)

Polyphenols from cocoa have been demonstrated to reduce blood pressure and improve endothelial function in hypertensive individuals. However, polyphenols content in commercial cocoa products may be lost during fermentation, alkalinization, and/or roasting process, impairing its bioactivity. Therefore, the current study sought to investigate whether total polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity are preserved among commercial cocoa powders. Four best-selling 100% cocoa powder products in Brazil (Garoto®, Nestle®, Mãe Terra®, and Hershey®) and one alkalinized 100% cocoa powder product (Hershey®) were examined. The total polyphenols content was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent and antioxidant capacity by using 22,2’-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) method. No significant difference in total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity among the brand of natural powder products (Garoto®, Nestle®, Mãe Terra®, and Hershey®) was observed. However, Alkalinized cocoa powder (Hershey®) exhibited significantly lower total polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity compared to other brands of natural cocoa powder products. The current study showed that total polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity are consistent between natural cocoa powder products. However, total polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity of cocoa are reduced during the alkalinization process.  

Profile of patients from a psychosocial care center for children and adolescents in São Paulo City, Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSi) constituem ponta de lança das ações da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira e têm por finalidade o atendimento de crianças e adolescentes com transtornos psíquicos graves. O objetivo é caracterizar o perfil dos usuários de um CAPSi, considerando sexo, idade, hipótese diagnóstica, origem do encaminhamento, inserção escolar e motivo de consulta. MÉTODO: por meio de um protocolo, foram coletados dados da totalidade de prontuários ativos de uma unidade da Grande São Paulo - cento e três - no mês de janeiro de 2008. RESULTADOS: a maioria dos usuários atendidos está na faixa etária de cinco a quinze anos (68,9 por cento) e é do sexo masculino (61,2 por cento). O grupo de transtornos de comportamento e transtornos emocionais corresponde a 21,4 por cento, seguido pelos transtornos do desenvolvimento global (16,2 por cento) e retardo mental (10,5 por cento). A maioria dos usuários foi encaminhada pelo Conselho Tutelar (22,3 por cento) e tiveram como principal motivo da consulta queixas neuromotoras (17,5 por cento), escolares (15,5 por cento) e sociocomportamentais (14,6 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: o número elevado de crianças com problemas neuromotores pode indicar características específicas da instituição estudada que absorveu pacientes e profissionais de um antigo serviço de reabilitação. O grande número de questões relevantes não encontradas apontam para a falta de padronização dos prontuáriosPsychosocial Care Centres for children and adolescents (CAPSi) are the main services concerning Brazilian Psychiatric Reform and aim to the assistance of children and adolescents suffering from persistent psychic diseases. The objective of the paper is to describe the profile of patients of a CAPSi, considering sex, age, diagnosis, kind of referral, school insertion and reason for searching for the service. METHOD: data have been collected from all active patients files from a unit from São Paulo state, Brazil - one hundred and three - through a protocol. This paper shows partial data from a project entitled Epidemiologic and Social demographic characteristics of patients of the CAPSi from São Paulo state. RESULTS: most patients assisted in this service are between five and fifteen years old (68,9%) and are male (61,2%). Behavioural and emotional disorders afected 21,4% of all patients, followed by disorders of psychological development (16,2%) and mental retardation (10,5%). Patients were referred to the unit mostly by State Child Protection Agency (22,3%) and had motor neuronal problems (17,5%), school difficulties (15,5%) and social behavior matters (14,6%) as the main reasons for searching for assistance. CONCLUSIONS: the high number of motor neuronal problems may indicate specific characteristics of the unit, which has taken patients and professionals from an older outpatient rehabilitations service. The great number of relevant characteristics were not found in patients files may show lack of standard in registratio

TOMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE S2-ALAR-ILIAC SCREW TECHNIQUE IN BRAZILIAN WOMEN

ABSTRACT Objective: Lumbosacral fixation presents problems in its arthrodesis, mainly due to pseudoarthrosis. Iliac screws minimize this problem, however, they show problems in the operative wound. The S2-Alar-iliac (S2AI) screw presents a lower rate of these complications. The anatomical differences between the populations and the sexes analyzed in the literature justify the study of the S2AI screw technique in Brazilian women. Methods: A total of 14 adult female CT scans were analyzed by 4 evaluators. Results: The mean bone length was 131.8 mm, the largest bone diameter was 22.6 mm, and the smallest bone diameter was 22.6 mm. Conclusions: The data presented are compatible with the literature and may assist spine surgeons in choosing the best implant and surgical technique. Level of Evidence I; Diagnostic Studies — Investigating a Diagnostic Test (anatomical investigation)

Política, atores e interesses no processo de mudança institucional: a criação do Ministério da Saúde em 1953 Politics, actors, and interests in the process of institutional change: the creation of the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 1953

Este trabalho analisa a criação do Ministério da Saúde, em 1953, por meio da identificação dos principais agentes envolvidos, seus interesses e estratégias utilizadas para atingir seus objetivos e influenciar o processo de mudança institucional. Relacionando este processo às características particulares do contexto político da época, identificaremos, entre as arenas de decisão, aquela que ganhou relevância; apresentaremos as variáveis políticas que interferiram no surgimento dessa nova agência estatal autônoma para a saúde pública.<br>This analysis of the 1953 creation of the Ministry of Health identifies the main actors involved, their interests, and the strategies they employed to reach their goals and influence the process of institutional change. Placing the process within the context of the era's specific political characteristics, the article identifies the predominant decision-making arena as well as the political variables that influenced the emergence of this new, autonomous government agency for public health