Metais pesados em amostras biológicas de bovinos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a concentração de metais pesados no sangue (Pb, Ni e Cd), soro (Cu e Zn), pelo e leite (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu e Zn) de bovinos criados em área industrializada (com siderúrgicas) e não-industrial do Estado de Minas Gerais, em amostras coletadas em duas épocas (inverno e verão), buscando avaliar a contaminação em animais em função do ambiente de exposição e da estação do ano. O local de criação dos animais afetou significativamente somente a concentração de Cu obtida nas amostras de soro, com maiores valores determinados no grupo de bovinos da região industrializada. A época de amostragem afetou a concentração dos metais Cu (soro), Zn (soro e leite), Pb (sangue) e Cd (sangue e pelo), com as determinações efetuadas no verão proporcionando maiores teores do que as executadas no inverno, à exceção do Cd avaliado no pelo. Interações significativas (P<0,05) entre área de criação e época do ano foram verificadas para Cu (pelo e leite), Zn (pelo) e Ni (soro, pelo e leite). Os resultados obtidos indicam que a presença de siderúrgicas em determinada região não implica, necessariamente, incrementos nas concentrações de metais pesados em matrizes biológicas de bovinos. Pode haver influência da sazonalidade nas concentrações de metais pesados obtidas nessas matrizes, fato que deve ser considerado em programas de monitoramento ambiental.The aim of this research was to determine the heavy metals concentration in blood (Pb, Ni and Cd), serum (Cu and Zn), hair and milk (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu and Zn) of cattle raised in industrial (with steel mill) and non-industrial areas in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The samples were collected during summer and winter, aiming to verify animals contamination related to environment and year season. The environment significantly influenced the concentration of Cu obtained on serum samples, with higher values for cattle from the industrialized area. The sampling time affected the concentration of Cu (serum), Zn (serum and milk), Pb (blood) and Cd (blood and hair), with higher values for summer, except for Cd measured on hair. Meaningful interactions (P<0.05) between environment and year season were identified for Cu (hair and milk), Zn (hair) and Ni (serum, hair and milk). The results obtained show that the presence of steel mills in a determined area does not mean, necessarily that higher concentration of heavy metals will be found in cattle biological matrices, fact that should be considered in environment monitoring programs

Os principais tipos e manifestações da Cirrose Hepática: uma atualização clínica

Introdução: A cirrose hepática é um processo patológica crônico, considerado a hepatopatia mais comum, definido como a conversão difusa morfoestrutural por nódulos de arquitetura anômalo envoltos por fibrose. Objetivou-se&nbsp;descrever os tipos mais relevantes de cirrose e suas devidas manifestações. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, fundamentada nas plataformas do SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, utilizando os termos “hepatical cirrhosis”, “liver disease” e “hepatocellular insufficiency” a qual através da revisão narrativa, abordou amplamente a respeito da contextualização da cirrose e as principais etiologias. Resultados e Discussão: Foi analisado que tal condição afeta qualquer faixa etária, sexo, etnia e independe da classe socioeconômica, mas as diversas etiologias impõem um perfil epidemiológico específico conforme a aparição. As principais origens abordam o tipo alcoólico, hepatite, aplicação crônica de alguns fármacos e esteatose gordurosa ou não. Ademais, estima-se que estas afetam a anatomofuncionalidade do órgão responsável por grande parte da homeostase, culminando em diversas manifestações clínicas.&nbsp; Conclusão: A cirrose é uma consequência grave de fatores de base em estágio avançado, a qual devido ao seu curso geralmente silencioso culmina no desenvolvimento e progressão clínica. Neste contexto, a atenção aos fatores predisponentes como alimentação rica em lipídios, estilismo, negligência a exames de rotina, sedentarismo e obesidade contribuem constituem medidas eficazes de prevenção primária.&nbsp

Elastic Tape Improved Shoulder Joint Position Sense in Chronic Hemiparetic Subjects: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Crossover Study.

Elastic tape has been widely used in clinical practice in order to improve upper limb (UL) sensibility. However, there is little evidence that supports this type of intervention in stroke patients.To verify the effect of elastic tape, applied to the paretic shoulder, on joint position sense (JPS) during abduction and flexion in subjects with chronic hemiparesis compared to sham tape (non-elastic tape). Furthermore, to verify if this potential effect is correlated to shoulder subluxation measurements and sensorimotor impairment.A crossover and sham-controlled study was conducted with post-stroke patients who were randomly allocated into two groups: 1) those who received Sham Tape (ST) first and after one month they received Elastic Tape (ET); 2) those who received Elastic Tape (ET) first and after one month they received Sham Tape (ST). The JPS was evaluated using a dynamometer. The absolute error for shoulder abduction and flexion at 30° and 60° was calculated. Sensorimotor impairment was determined by Fugl-Meyer, and shoulder subluxation was measured using a caliper.Thirteen hemiparetic subjects (average time since stroke 75.23 months) participated in the study. At baseline (before interventions), the groups were not different for abduction at 30° (p = 0.805; p = 0.951), and 60° (p = 0.509; p = 0.799), or flexion at 30° (p = 0.872; p = 0.897) and 60° (p = 0.853; p = 0.970). For the ET group, differences between pre and post-elastic tape for abduction at 30° (p<0.010) and 60° (p<0.010), and flexion at 30° p<0.010) and 60° (p<0.010) were observed. For the ST group, differences were also observed between pre and post-elastic tape for abduction at 30° (p<0.010) and 60° (p<0.010), and flexion at 30° (p<0.010,) and 60° (p<0.010). Potential effects were only correlated with shoulder subluxation during abduction at 30° (p = 0.001, r = -0.92) and 60° (p = 0.020, r = -0.75).Elastic tape improved shoulder JPS of subjects with chronic hemiparesis regardless of the level of UL sensorimotor impairment. However, this improvement was influenced by the subluxation degree at abduction

Metais pesados em amostras biológicas de bovinos Heavy metals in cattle biological samples

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a concentração de metais pesados no sangue (Pb, Ni e Cd), soro (Cu e Zn), pelo e leite (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu e Zn) de bovinos criados em área industrializada (com siderúrgicas) e não-industrial do Estado de Minas Gerais, em amostras coletadas em duas épocas (inverno e verão), buscando avaliar a contaminação em animais em função do ambiente de exposição e da estação do ano. O local de criação dos animais afetou significativamente somente a concentração de Cu obtida nas amostras de soro, com maiores valores determinados no grupo de bovinos da região industrializada. A época de amostragem afetou a concentração dos metais Cu (soro), Zn (soro e leite), Pb (sangue) e Cd (sangue e pelo), com as determinações efetuadas no verão proporcionando maiores teores do que as executadas no inverno, à exceção do Cd avaliado no pelo. Interações significativas (PThe aim of this research was to determine the heavy metals concentration in blood (Pb, Ni and Cd), serum (Cu and Zn), hair and milk (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu and Zn) of cattle raised in industrial (with steel mill) and non-industrial areas in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The samples were collected during summer and winter, aiming to verify animals contamination related to environment and year season. The environment significantly influenced the concentration of Cu obtained on serum samples, with higher values for cattle from the industrialized area. The sampling time affected the concentration of Cu (serum), Zn (serum and milk), Pb (blood) and Cd (blood and hair), with higher values for summer, except for Cd measured on hair. Meaningful interactions (P<0.05) between environment and year season were identified for Cu (hair and milk), Zn (hair) and Ni (serum, hair and milk). The results obtained show that the presence of steel mills in a determined area does not mean, necessarily that higher concentration of heavy metals will be found in cattle biological matrices. The seasonality can influence the heavy metal concentration obtained from these matrices, fact that should be considered in environment monitoring programs

Average absolute error of paretic side for abduction and flexion at 30° and 60° for sham tape first (ST) and elastic tape first (ET) pre and post-intervention for the patient group.

<p>No differences at baseline (pre-intervention in the first and second sessions) between the ST and ET were observed for all movements and angles. For ST, in the post-intervention in the second session (post-elastic tape), a lower absolute error was observed compared to another evaluation time. For ET, in the post-intervention in the first session (post-elastic tape), a lower absolute error was observed compared to another evaluation time. *Significant differences compared to ET (p<0.05). †For the ET group, significant differences compared to the post-intervention in the first session (p<0.05). ªFor the ST group, significant differences compared to the post-intervention in the second session (p<0.05). Data were expressed as the mean and standard error.</p

Flow diagram of the study.

<p>Flow diagram of the study.</p

Demographic characteristics of participants.

<p>Demographic characteristics of participants.</p

Average absolute error of non-paretic side for abduction and flexion at 30° and 60° for sham tape first (ST) and elastic tape first (ET) pre and post-intervention.

<p>No differences were found between the ST and ET in pre and post-interventions in the second and first sessions for all movements and angles (p>0.05). In addition, for both groups, no differences between the time evaluation were observed for all the movements and angles. Data were expressed as mean and standard errors.</p

Torque steadiness and muscle activation are bilaterally impaired during shoulder abduction and flexion in chronic post-stroke subjects

Objective To characterize sensorimotor control and muscle activation in the shoulder of chronic hemiparetic during abduction and flexion in maximal and submaximal isometric contractions. Furthermore, to correlate submaximal sensorimotor control with motor impairment and degree of shoulder subluxation. Methods Thirteen chronic hemiparetic post-stroke age-gender matched with healthy were included. Isometric torques were assessed using a dynamometer. Electromyographic activity of the anterior and middle deltoid, upper trapezius, pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles were collected. Variables were calculated for torque: peak, time to target, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and standard error (RMSE); for muscle activity: maximum and minimum values, range and coefficient of activation. Motor impairment was determined by Fugl-Meyer and shoulder subluxation was measured with a caliper. Results Paretic and non-paretic limbs reduced peak and muscle activation during maximal isometric contraction. Paretic limb generated lower force when compared with non-paretic and control. Paretic and non-paretic presented higher values of SD, CV, RMSE, and CV for prime mover muscles and minimum values for all muscles during steadiness. No correlation was found between sensorimotor control, motor impairment and shoulder subluxation. Conclusion Chronic hemiparetic presented bilateral deficits in sensorimotor and muscle control during maximal and submaximal shoulder abduction and flexion. © 2016 Elsevier Lt

Torque steadiness and muscle activation are bilaterally impaired during shoulder abduction and flexion in chronic post-stroke subjects

Objective To characterize sensorimotor control and muscle activation in the shoulder of chronic hemiparetic during abduction and flexion in maximal and submaximal isometric contractions. Furthermore, to correlate submaximal sensorimotor control with motor impairment and degree of shoulder subluxation. Methods Thirteen chronic hemiparetic post-stroke age-gender matched with healthy were included. Isometric torques were assessed using a dynamometer. Electromyographic activity of the anterior and middle deltoid, upper trapezius, pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles were collected. Variables were calculated for torque: peak, time to target, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and standard error (RMSE); for muscle activity: maximum and minimum values, range and coefficient of activation. Motor impairment was determined by Fugl-Meyer and shoulder subluxation was measured with a caliper. Results Paretic and non-paretic limbs reduced peak and muscle activation during maximal isometric contraction. Paretic limb generated lower force when compared with non-paretic and control. Paretic and non-paretic presented higher values of SD, CV, RMSE, and CV for prime mover muscles and minimum values for all muscles during steadiness. No correlation was found between sensorimotor control, motor impairment and shoulder subluxation. Conclusion Chronic hemiparetic presented bilateral deficits in sensorimotor and muscle control during maximal and submaximal shoulder abduction and flexion. © 2016 Elsevier Lt