30 research outputs found

    ResistĂȘncia de genĂłtipos de pimenta-de-cheiro (capsicum chinense jacq.) Ă  antracnose (colletotrichum brevisporum)

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    Anthracnose is the most important disease of the “pimenta-de-cheiro” (Capsicum chinense), which can cause losses of more than 50 % of the production. The species C. chinense is widely cultivated by farmers in the Amazon and it is relevant in the State’s vegetable trade. It presents high genetic diversity and therefore, high potential for use in crop breeding. Ripe red fruits were obtained from fields the crop produced of peppers in the districts of Iranduba, Manacapuru, Rio Preto da Eva and Presidente Figueiredo. Experiments were carried out on seedlings (step I) and on detached fruits (step II). The first was conducted in greenhouse in a completely randomized design with 102 genotypes and four replicates. Seedlings were inoculated with INPA 2787 isolate (Colletotrichum brevisporum) at the concentration of 106 spores mL-1. At 7, 14 and 21 days after inoculation, disease severity evaluations were performed using scale of notes (1 = resistant to 6 = highly susceptible), and resistance genotypes were selected, which were taken to field. The fruits of 28 genotypes were harvested to proceed to the second experiment, which was conducted for two stage fruiting (immature and mature), with 15 replicates. The fruits were inoculated with the virulent pathotype and had their lesion size measured after 7 and 14 days. The results showed that lesion size in the immature fruits ranged from 0.3 to 9.7 cm2 and size in the mature fruits ranged from 0.2 to 9.9 cm2. The genotypes RPE41 and MPU 29 indicated resistance to anthracnose in both stages. Morphoagronomic characterization of fruits was also performed. There was variability for mass (5.58 to 13.74 g), length [C] (4.08 to 8.16 cm), diameter [D] (1.74 to 2.54 cm), and C/D ratio (1.88 to 4.70) of the fruit. In addition, a natural virus infection, transmission electron microscopy and molecular tests were identified in the peppermint leaves, confirming the presence of Cucumber mosaic virus and Pepper mottle virus, with transmission through the aphid vector of the species Aphis gossypii.A antracnose Ă© a enfermidade mais importante da pimenta-de-cheiro (Capsicum chinense), podendo ocasionar perdas de mais de 50% da produção. A espĂ©cie Capsicum chinense Ă© amplamente cultivada em ĂĄreas de terra firme no Amazomas e apresenta bastante relevĂąncia para o comĂ©rcio de hortaliças do Estado. Apresenta alta diversidade genĂ©tica e por isso, elevado potencial para uso no melhoramento genĂ©tico. Frutos maduros de pimenta-de-cheiro foram obtidos das propriedades produtoras da cultura nos municĂ­pios de Iranduba, Manacapuru, Rio Preto da Eva e Presidente Figueiredo. Foram realizados experimentos em plĂąntulas (Fase I) e em frutos destacados (Fase II). O primeiro foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com 102 genĂłtipos e quatro repetiçÔes. As plĂąntulas foram pulverizadas com o inĂłculo do isolado INPA 2787 (Colletotrichum brevisporum) na concentração de 106 conĂ­dios mL-1. Aos 7, 14 e 21 dias apĂłs a inoculação foram realizadas avaliaçÔes de severidade da doença utilizando escala de notas (1=resistente a 6=altamente suscetĂ­vel), e foram selecionados genĂłtipos com resistĂȘncia, os quais foram levados a campo. Os frutos de 28 genĂłtipos foram colhidos para proceder-se ao segundo experimento, que foi conduzido para dois estĂĄdios de frutificação (imaturo e maduro), com 15 frutos cada. Os frutos foram inoculados com o patĂłgeno e tiveram as suas ĂĄreas lesionadas pela antracnose mensuradas apĂłs 7 e 14 dias. Os resultados mostraram que as ĂĄreas lesionadas nos frutos imaturos variaram de 0,3 a 9,7 cm2 e nos maduros as ĂĄreas variaram de 0,2 a 9,9 cm2. Os genĂłtipos RPE41 e MPU29 indicaram resistĂȘncia Ă  antracnose, em ambos estadios. TambĂ©m foi realizada a caracterização morfoagronĂŽmica dos frutos. Houve variabilidade para massa (5,58 a 13,74 g), comprimento [C] (4,08 a 8,16 cm), diĂąmetro [D] (1,74 a 2,54 cm), e relação C/D (1,88 a 4,70) do fruto. Adicionalmente foram identificadas nas folhas das pimenteiras a infecção natural por vĂ­rus, por microscopia eletrĂŽnica de transmissĂŁo e teste molecular, que confirmaram a presença dos vĂ­rus Cucumber mosaic virus e Pepper mottle vĂ­rus, com transmissĂŁo por meio do vetor afĂ­deo da espĂ©cie Aphis gossypii

    OcorrĂȘncia do pepper yellow mosaic virus e cucumber mosaic virus em Capsicum chinense no estado do Amazonas, Brasil

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    The habanero chilli pepper, Capsicum chinense is an important crop in the Amazon Basin, mainly grown by small-scale producers. Capsicum chinense plants in an experimental field in the northern Brazilian state of Amazonas were found exhibiting characteristic symptoms of viral infection. Leaf sap from symptomatic plants examined under a transmission electron microscope revealed the presence of elongated flexuous particles and isometric particles. Using molecular assays, the viruses were identified as pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Aphids, identified as Aphis gossypii, were found colonizing the C. chinense plants in the field and may be the vector for both PepYMV and CMV. We report the first occurrence of these viruses infecting C. chinense in the state of Amazonas.A pimenta-de-cheiro, Capsicum chinense Ă© uma cultura importante na Bacia AmazĂŽnica, cultivada principalmente por pequenos produtores. Plantas de C. chinense em um campo experimental localizado no norte do estado brasileiro do Amazonas, foram encontradas apresentando sintomas caracterĂ­sticos de infecção viral. Extratos de amostras de folhas sintomĂĄticas examinados ao microscĂłpio eletrĂŽnico de transmissĂŁo revelaram a presença de partĂ­culas alongadas e flexuosas e de partĂ­culas isomĂ©tricas. AnĂĄlises moleculares permitiram identificar a presença do pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV) e do cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). PulgĂ”es, identificados como Aphis gossypii foram encontrados colonizando pimenteiras-de-cheiro neste campo experimental e podem representar o provĂĄvel vetor de PepYMV e CMV. Este trabalho relata a primeira ocorrĂȘncia desses vĂ­rus infectando C. chinense no estado do Amazonas

    Science and SUS in daily life : reflections on media coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

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    Analisa-se a cobertura midiĂĄtica sobre ciĂȘncia e Sistema Único de SaĂșde (SUS) durante a COVID19, Ă  luz da sociedade informatizada. Nota-se a presença dessas pautas no cotidiano, justificada pelo interesse da população na exploração dos temas cientĂ­ficos e na atuação do SUS no enfrentamento Ă  pandemia. Hoje, diante do grande espaço de debates proporcionado pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, surgem novos atores e necessidades de proposição de respostas rĂĄpidas a uma sociedade cada vez mais conectada. Ressalta-se a crescente presença e valorização de evidĂȘncias cientĂ­ficas, da importĂąncia e dos desafios do SUS na mĂ­dia, apesar do interesse de parcela da sociedade em difundir notĂ­cias falsas que geram desinformação na rede. Ademais de informar sobre açÔes para evitar a propagação da COVID-19, cientistas cotidianamente sĂŁo demandados pela mĂ­dia, para produzir narrativas robustas, divulgar conhecimentos cientĂ­ficos que comprovam medidas sanitĂĄrias exitosas, oferecer esclarecimentos a respeito de informaçÔes distorcidas ou fantasiosas e divulgar as respostas do SUS diante desta crise sanitĂĄria e humanitĂĄria. Manter-se presente na mĂ­dia deve ser uma meta para cientistas, sociedades cientĂ­ficas e lideranças do SUS, com a clareza da importĂąncia de disseminar a ciĂȘncia, combater o obscurantismo e ampliar a sustentação popular ao nosso sistema universal de saĂșde.Media coverage about science and the Unified Health System (SUS) during COVID-19 is analyzed, in the light of the computerized society. These subjects are daily in the media, justified by the population's interest in the exploration of scientific themes and in SUS’s actions to tackle the pandemic. Today the Information and Communication Technologies are new actors providing space for debate; the need to propose quick responses to an increasingly connected society are emerging. The growing presence and appreciation of scientific evidence, the importance and challenges of SUS in the media are highlighted, despite the interest of part of society in spreading false news that generate misinformation on the network. In addition to reporting on actions to prevent the spread of COVID-19, scientists are daily demanded by the media, to produce robust narratives, to disseminate scientific knowledge that prove successful sanitary measures, to offer clarifications regarding distorted or fanciful information and to disseminate SUS responses, to face this health and humanitarian crisis. Staying present in the media should be a goal for scientists, scientific societies and SUS leaders, with the clarity of the importance of disseminating science, combating obscurantism and expanding popular support for our universal health system

    CiĂȘncia e SUS no cotidiano: reflexĂ”es sobre a cobertura midiĂĄtica durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil

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    Media coverage about science and the Unified Health System (SUS) during COVID-19 is analyzed, in the light of the computerized society. These subjects are daily in the media, justified by the population's interest in the exploration of scientific themes and in SUS-s actions to tackle the pandemic. Today the Information and Communication Technologies are new actors providing space for debate; the need to propose quick responses to an increasingly connected society are emerging. The growing presence and appreciation of scientific evidence, the importance and challenges of SUS in the media are highlighted, despite the interest of part of society in spreading false news that generate misinformation on the network. In addition to reporting on actions to prevent the spread of COVID-19, scientists are daily demanded by the media, to produce robust narratives, to disseminate scientific knowledge that prove successful sanitary measures, to offer clarifications regarding distorted or fanciful information and to disseminate SUSÂŽs responses to face this health and humanitarian crisis. Staying present in the media should be a goal for scientists, scientific societies and SUS leaders, with the clarity of the importance of disseminating science, combating obscurantism and expanding popular support for our universal health system.Analisa-se a cobertura midiĂĄtica sobre ciĂȘncia e Sistema Único de SaĂșde (SUS) durante a COVID- 19, Ă  luz da sociedade informatizada. Nota-se a presença dessas pautas no cotidiano, justificada pelo interesse da população na exploração dos temas cientĂ­ficos e na atuação do SUS no enfrentamento Ă  pandemia. Hoje, diante do grande espaço de debates proporcionado pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, surgem novos atores e necessidades de proposição de respostas rĂĄpidas a uma sociedade cada vez mais conectada. Ressalta-se a crescente presença e valorização de evidĂȘncias cientĂ­ficas, da importĂąncia e dos desafios do SUS na mĂ­dia, apesar do interesse de parcela da sociedade em difundir notĂ­cias falsas que geram desinformação na rede. Ademais de informar sobre açÔes para evitar a propagação da COVID-19, cientistas cotidianamente sĂŁo demandados pela mĂ­dia, para produzir narrativas robustas, divulgar conhecimentos cientĂ­ficos que comprovam medidas sanitĂĄrias exitosas, oferecer esclarecimentos a respeito de informaçÔes distorcidas ou fantasiosas e divulgar as respostas do SUS diante desta crise sanitĂĄria e humanitĂĄria. Manter-se presente na mĂ­dia deve ser uma meta para cientistas, sociedades cientĂ­ficas e lideranças do SUS, com a clareza da importĂąncia de disseminar a ciĂȘncia, combater o obscurantismo e ampliar a sustentação popular ao nosso sistema universal de saĂșde

    Percepciones de gestores municipales de salud sobre la provisión y actuación de lós médicos del Programa Mås Médicos

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    No Brasil, o desafio da redistribuição de mĂ©dicos foi alvo de diversas intervençÔes governamentais. Objetivou-se analisar o provimento de mĂ©dicos do Programa Mais MĂ©dicos, segundo as percepçÔes de gestores municipais de SaĂșde. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado com 63 gestores em 32 municĂ­pios do Brasil. As entrevistas foram submetidas Ă  anĂĄlise de conteĂșdo com a ajuda do software ATLAS.ti. Destacam-se as contribuiçÔes dos mĂ©dicos do programa na melhoria da Atenção Ă  SaĂșde, nas prĂĄticas clĂ­nicas humanizadas e diferenciadas e nas mudanças na rede de Atenção Ă  SaĂșde, apĂłs a implementação do programa. Os gestores reafirmam a importĂąncia da implementação, no que concerne ao provimento e Ă  fixação de mĂ©dicos na Atenção BĂĄsica, em municĂ­pios vulnerĂĄveis e de difĂ­cil acesso.In Brazil, the challenge of redistributing physicians has been the subject of several government interventions. The objective of this paper was to analyze the provision of physicians through the More Doctors Program, according to city health managers. This was a qualitative study carried out with 63 managers in 32 Brazilian cities. The interviews were submitted to content analysis using Atlas.it software. It is noteworthy to highlight the contributions of the program physicians to improvements in health care, humanized and differentiated clinical practices, and changes to health care networks after implementation of the program. The managers reiterated the importance of the program in providing and securing physicians in primary health care in vulnerable and hard-to-access cities.En Brasil, el desafĂ­o de la redistribuciĂłn de mĂ©dicos fue objeto de diversas intervenciones gubernamentales. El objetivo fue analizar la provisiĂłn de mĂ©dicos del Programa MĂĄs MĂ©dicos, segĂșn las percepciones de gestores municipales de Salud. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo realizado con 63 gestores en 32 municipios de Brasil. Las entrevistas se sometieron a anĂĄlisis de contenido con la ayuda del software Atlas.ti. Se subrayan las contribuciones de los mĂ©dicos del programa en la mejora de la atenciĂłn a la salud, en las prĂĄcticas clĂ­nicas humanizadas y diferenciadas y en los cambios en la red de atenciĂłn a la salud, despuĂ©s de la implementaciĂłn del Programa. Los gestores reafirman la importancia de la implementaciĂłn del programa en lo que se refiere a la provisiĂłn y a la fijaciĂłn de mĂ©dicos en la atenciĂłn bĂĄsica en municipios vulnerables y de difĂ­cil acceso

    PrevalĂȘncia de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre trabalhadores do sistema prisional do EspĂ­rito Santo, 2020

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    Objective: To estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among workers in the EspĂ­rito Santo prison system between August and September 2020. Methods: A stratified sample survey through interviews and serological tests for SARS-CoV-2.Results: In the 986 respondents, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 11.9% (CI95% 8,1%;15,7%) among health professionals and 22.1% (CI 95%; 18,8%; 25,3%) among prison officers. Positivity was more frequent in health professionals from the North region (19.7%), and in male prison officers (24.0%). Among the positive ones, fatigue was the most frequent symptom among prison officers (13.4%) and miracle among health professionals (10.8%); and the most prevalent comorbidities among thepositive ones were: asthma or bronchitis (16.2%) for health professionals, and hypertension for prison officers (12.8%). Conclusion: The prevalence of SARS-Cov-2 was higher in prison officers, supporting disease control and prevention actions in this scenario.Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de la infecciĂłn por SARS-CoV-2 en trabajadores del sistema penitenciario de EspĂ­rito Santo entre agosto y septiembre de 2020. MĂ©todos: Encuesta muestral estratificada mediante entrevistas y pruebasserolĂłgicas para SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: En los 986 encuestados, la prevalencia de la infecciĂłn por SARS-CoV-2 fue del 11,9% (IC95% 8,1%;15,7%) entre los profesionales de la salud y del 22,1% (IC95% 18,8%;25,3%) entre los funcionarios deprisiones. La positividad fue mĂĄs frecuente en los profesionales de la salud de la regiĂłn Norte (19,7%) y en los funcionarios de prisiones varones (24,0%). Entre los positivos, la fatiga fue el sĂ­ntoma mĂĄs frecuente entre los funcionarios de prisiones (13,4%) y el milagro entre los profesionales de la salud (10,8%); y las comorbilidades mĂĄsprevalentes entre las positivas fueron: asma o bronquitis (16,2%) para los profesionalesde la salud e hipertensiĂłn para los funcionarios de prisiones (12,8%). ConclusiĂłn: La prevalencia del SARS-Cov-2 fue mayor en los funcionarios de prisiones, apoyando las acciones de control y prevenciĂłn de enfermedades en este escenario.Objetivo: Estimar a prevalĂȘncia de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre trabalhadores do sistema prisional do EspĂ­rito Santo, Brasil, no perĂ­odo agosto-setembro de 2020. MĂ©todos: InquĂ©rito em amostra estratificada, mediante entrevistas e testes sorolĂłgicos para SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: Nos 986 pesquisados, a prevalĂȘncia deinfecção por SARS-CoV-2 foi de 11,9% (IC95% 8,1%;15,7%) nos profissionais de saĂșde, e de 22,1% (IC95%; 18,8%;25,3%) nos agentes penitenciĂĄrios. A positividade foi mais frequente nos profissionais da saĂșde do norte do estado (19,7%) e em agentes penitenciĂĄrios do sexo masculino (24,0%). Entre soropositivos, a fadiga foi o sintoma mais frequente nos agentes penitenciĂĄrios (13,4%) e a mialgia nos profissionais de saĂșde (10,8%); e as comorbidades mais prevalentes entre os positivos foram asma ou bronquite (16,2%), para profissionais de saĂșde, e hipertensĂŁo para agentes penitenciĂĄrios (12,8%). ConclusĂŁo: A prevalĂȘncia de SARS-Cov-2 foi maior nos agentes penitenciĂĄrios, achado que deve subsidiar açÔes de controle e prevenção dadoença nesse cenĂĄrio

    AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

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    : High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNetÂź convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNetÂź model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

    Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

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    Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≄ II, EF ≀35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation
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