Composição química de oito cultivares de feijão-caupi

O feijão é um dos alimentos mais produzidos em todo o território nacional, sendo intensa a busca por cultivares produtivas, com boas características culinárias e diferentes propriedades nutricionais. Com o presente estudo, visou-se avaliar a influencia do cozimento na composição centesimal de oito cultivares de feijão-caupi: Costela de Vaca, BRS Marataoã, BRS Itaim, BR 17-Gurguéia, BRS Novaera, Paulistinha, Setentão e Patativa. Os grãos foram submetidos a dois procedimentos diferentes para realização das análises: in natura (farinha) e cozido (com maceração) sob pressão. Foram realizadas as determinações de umidade, cinzas, lipídios, proteínas, carboidratos, valor energético, pH, acidez e açúcares. Todas as análises foram realizadas em quadruplicata nas cultivares in natura e cozidas, sendo os resultados expressos como média ± desvio-padrão. Os resultados mostraram que o conteúdo de umidade variou de 7-11% nas cultivares cruas, com aumento após o cozimento (60-70%). Ao passo que, o conteúdo de proteínas, cinzas, carboidratos, valor energético e açúcares, diminuíram em todas as cultivares cozidas. Pode-se concluir que, dentre as cultivares analisadas, a Setentão foi a que apresentou o maior teor de proteína, antes e após o cozimento. Mesmo com redução nos demais parâmetros, as cultivares de feijão-caupi mantiveram características nutritivas e funcionais relevantes, apresentando um tempo de cocção entre 8 a 10 minutos, sendo consideradas de rápido cozimento e, portanto adequadas para atender a demanda atual dos consumidores

Uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos no projeto de irrigação das Várzeas de Sousa-PB

O crescimento da população mundial e a necessidade de elevar a produção de alimentos revolucionaram as técnicas empregadas na agricultura, como a utilização de agrotóxicos. Objetivou-se com o estudo conhecer a intensidade de utilização de agrotóxicos, e os procedimentos utilizados em seu manejo no Projeto de Irrigação das Várzeas de Sousa-PB. O trabalho foi realizado de abril a junho de 2013, onde o instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário semiestruturado contendo oito questões, aplicado com aviso prévio a 25 produtores rurais. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva. Pela análise dos questionários evidenciou-se que ocorre utilização indiscriminada de agrotóxicos, apesar da assistência técnica e do conhecimento sobre o manejo de tais insumos. A maior parte dos agricultores não se preocupa com o risco a que estão expostos, já quea atividade representa a renda necessária ao sustento de sua família. Infere-se, portanto que existe a necessidade de investimento em programas de educação ambiental e assistência socioambiental como uma forma de conscientizar a população sobre os problemas gerados pela utilização indevida de agrotóxicos, e assim reduzir os impactos à saúde e ao ambiente

Cultivo da cana-de-açúcar sob fertirrigação com vinhaça e adubação mineral

O experimento foi instalado na fazenda São João que pertence a propriedade da Companhia Usina São João, com objetivo de avaliar os efeitos daaplicação de vinhaça mas adubação mineral no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. O delineamento experimental blocos casualizados, sobre dois tratamentos de adubação, sendo o tratamento T-1 referente a adubação mineral com 350kg ha-1, mas aplicação de quatro lâminas de 30 mm vinhaça; e o tratamento T-2 correspondente fertirrigação com vinhaça. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: sólidos solúveis (Brix %), sacarose (POL do caldo em %), ATR (Açúcar Total Recuperável, kg ha-1). Além destas variáveis, estimou-se a produtividade de cana em t ha-1, a produtividade de açucar t ha-1). O uso de vinhaça na fertirrigação, supri as necessidade nutricionais da cana de açúcar, no segundo ciclo de cultivo, cana soca. O incremento da adubação mineral (NPK) na fertirrigação com vinhaça proporcionou menores valores nos parâmetros agroindustriais de qualidade (sólidos solúveis (Brix %), sacarose (POL do caldo em %), ATR (Açucar Total Recuperável, kg ha-1))

Mixed modeling for fiber yield genetic selection in sugarcane

The current demand for clean and renewable energy has provoked considerable changes in the production system of agroindustrial companies. The generation of bioelectricity through the burning of sugarcane bagasse has considerably risen in the recent years. This work aimed to focus on the sugarcane genotypes selection for fiber productivity. The experiment was outlined in randomized blocks with four repetitions, and sixteen genotypes were evaluated. The evaluated traits  were: cane tons per hectare, sucrose tons per hectare, fiber tons per hectare, fiber content and apparent sucrose content. To the selection, the mixed linear models methodology was used. The heritability coefficients suggest a significant genetic gain and the harmonic means of relative performances of predicted genotypic values allowed the identification of stable genotypes related to the traits evaluated in four harvest cycles. Considering the current average demand of sugarcane agroindustry for varieties with fiber content between 12% and 17% and sucrose content near 13%, for energy generation and sugar production, the genotypes EECAC 06, EECAC 03, EECAC 04 and EECAC 07 are presented as commercial cultivation options. Highlights - Mixed models constitute an efficient tool for sugarcane selection focused onto fiber and sucrose production. - This methodology provides significant genetic gains based on predicted genetic values free from interaction with harvest cycles. - The evaluated genotypes present high fiber and sucrose productivity, genotypic adaptability and stability throughout harvest cycles, indicating longevity in the sugarcane crop.The current demand for clean and renewable energy has provoked considerable changes in the production system of agroindustrial companies. The generation of bioelectricity through the burning of sugarcane bagasse has considerably risen in the recent years. This work aimed to focus on the sugarcane genotypes selection for fiber productivity. The experiment was outlined in randomized blocks with four repetitions, and sixteen genotypes were evaluated. The evaluated traits  were: cane tons per hectare, sucrose tons per hectare, fiber tons per hectare, fiber content and apparent sucrose content. To the selection, the mixed linear models methodology was used. The heritability coefficients suggest a significant genetic gain and the harmonic means of relative performances of predicted genotypic values allowed the identification of stable genotypes related to the traits evaluated in four harvest cycles. Considering the current average demand of sugarcane agroindustry for varieties with fiber content between 12% and 17% and sucrose content near 13%, for energy generation and sugar production, the genotypes EECAC 06, EECAC 03, EECAC 04 and EECAC 07 are presented as commercial cultivation options. Highlights - Mixed models constitute an efficient tool for sugarcane selection focused onto fiber and sucrose production. - This methodology provides significant genetic gains based on predicted genetic values free from interaction with harvest cycles. - The evaluated genotypes present high fiber and sucrose productivity, genotypic adaptability and stability throughout harvest cycles, indicating longevity in the sugarcane crop

Biometric genetics in cowpea beans (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) I: phenotypic and genotypic relations among production components

In the semi-arid region of Paraíba, cowpea has low productivity due to irregular rainfall and poor use of production technologies. An extensive study aimed at selecting more productive cultivars was conducted using biometric models. This first work had the following objectives: i. Quantify direct and indirect effects of primary and secondary components on grain production; ii. Identify variables with greater potential for cultivar selection in the semiarid region of Paraíba and iii. Determine the most appropriate selection strategies for the evaluated variables. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field. The influence of 6 primary and 6 secondary production components was evaluated on grain yield. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Genetic parameters, correlations and path analysis were estimated. Given the strong direct phenotypic and genotypic effects, pod yield results the most promising variable for higher grain yield selection. Direct and simultaneous selections are the most suitable strategies for the set of evaluated variables. However, further studies on selection indices are necessary to maximize genetic gains. Highlights Variables with greater potential were identified for the selection of superior cultivars of cowpea in the semiarid region of Paraíba. The pod yield variable (PP) seems promising for cultivar selection considering higher grain yield (GY).In the semi-arid region of Paraíba, cowpea has low productivity due to irregular rainfall and poor use of production technologies. An extensive study aimed at selecting more productive cultivars was conducted using biometric models. This first work had the following objectives: i. Quantify direct and indirect effects of primary and secondary components on grain production; ii. Identify variables with greater potential for cultivar selection in the semiarid region of Paraíba and iii. Determine the most appropriate selection strategies for the evaluated variables. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field. The influence of 6 primary and 6 secondary production components was evaluated on grain yield. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Genetic parameters, correlations and path analysis were estimated. Given the strong direct phenotypic and genotypic effects, pod yield results the most promising variable for higher grain yield selection. Direct and simultaneous selections are the most suitable strategies for the set of evaluated variables. However, further studies on selection indices are necessary to maximize genetic gains. Highlights Variables with greater potential were identified for the selection of superior cultivars of cowpea in the semiarid region of Paraíba. The pod yield variable (PP) seems promising for cultivar selection considering higher grain yield (GY)

Biometric genetics in Cowpea beans (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) II: estimates of genetic gains through selection indices

Low cowpea productivity (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the semi-arid region of Paraíba is due, among other factors, to poor-quality cultivars. This research tested biometric models intending to increase productivity of superior cultivars with the following objectives: i. Estimate genetic gains in production components; ii. Identify the selection index model providing the greatest gains through simultaneously selecting a set of variables, and iii. Select cultivars with higher productivity. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Agrifood Science and Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande. Eight cultivars and 13 variables were evaluated. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were grouped using the Scott and Knott test. Genetic gains were estimated by correlated response, classic selection index, rank sum and index based on desired gains. Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. Among the methodologies used, the classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. These results allow concluding that Costela de vaca, BRS Marataoã and Paulistinha cultivars should be selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semiarid region of Paraíba. Highlights: Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. The classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. Cultivars were selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semi-arid region of Paraíba.Low cowpea productivity (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the semi-arid region of Paraíba is due, among other factors, to poor-quality cultivars. This research tested biometric models intending to increase productivity of superior cultivars with the following objectives: i. Estimate genetic gains in production components; ii. Identify the selection index model providing the greatest gains through simultaneously selecting a set of variables, and iii. Select cultivars with higher productivity. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Agrifood Science and Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande. Eight cultivars and 13 variables were evaluated. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were grouped using the Scott and Knott test. Genetic gains were estimated by correlated response, classic selection index, rank sum and index based on desired gains. Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. Among the methodologies used, the classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. These results allow concluding that Costela de vaca, BRS Marataoã and Paulistinha cultivars should be selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semiarid region of Paraíba. Highlights: Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. The classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. Cultivars were selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semi-arid region of Paraíba

Avaliação dos parâmetros genéticos da cana-de-açúcar submetida à adubação com silício e ao estresse hídrico / Assessment of the genetic parameters of sugarcane submitted to fertilization with silicon and water stress

A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura de relevada importância econômica, sendo utilizada como matéria prima para diversos subprodutos que vão desde a indústria energética até a de alimentação. A demanda hídrica da cultura é de 1.500 a 2.500 mm água bem distribuídos ao longo de seu ciclo, em regiões onde a falta desse recurso é recorrente é necessário adotar-se estratégias para minimizar a perda de água pela planta. O uso de adubação silicatada tem sido vista como uma solução para a redução do estresse hídrico em algumas culturas, inclusive a cana-de-açúcar. Sendo assim, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o desempenho de variedades comerciais de cana-de-açúcar sob diferentes doses de silício e níveis de água. O ensaio foi conduzido no Campus de Universidade Federal de Campina Grande- UFCG em Pombal-PB durante 90 dias, foi utilizado o esquema fatorial triplo com duas variedades (RB92579 e RB867515), dois níveis de água (50 % e 100 % da capacidade de água do solo) e doses de silicato de potássio (0,0 L, 3L e 4L de K2SiO3), três repetições e delineamento em blocos casualizados.  A aplicação foliar de silício, na forma de silicato de potássio, contribuiu para o desenvolvimento das plantas de cana-de-açúcar. Os tratamentos com 0L de K2SiO3 e 3L de K2SiO3 foram os que apresentaram os melhores resultados.