Doenças neurológicas em equinos do Distrito Federal e Goiás : estudo retrospectivo (2003 – 2013)

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2013.As doenças do sistema nervoso de equinos representam uma parcela importante das enfermidades diagnosticadas nessas espécies, entretanto há poucos estudos abordando os aspectos epidemiológicos e anatomopatológicos destas enfermidades no Brasil. Na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, particularmente no Distrito Federal, inexistem investigações dessa natureza. Dentre essas enfermidades, destacam-se zoonoses, como a raiva, a doença do oeste do Nilo e a encefalomielite equina do leste e outras doenças de importância econômica, como traumatismos e leucoencefalomalacia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar estudo retrospectivo dos casos neurológicos de equinos encaminhados ao Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade de Brasília (LPV-UnB), que ocorreram entre janeiro de 2003 a junho de 2013. No período estudado foram analisados 76 casos com alteração clínica e/ou anatomopatológica de doença neurológica. A inflamação linfoplasmocítica do sistema nervoso central (SNC) foi a principal lesão encontrada, com 29 casos (38,16%), seguido de nove (11,84%) de traumatismos e cinco (6,58%) de leucoencefalomalacia. O tétano e a encefalite parasitária por Halicephalobus gingivalis representaram três (3,94%) casos cada um, também sendo diagnosticados dois (2,63%) casos de mieloencefalite equina protozoária (MEP), dois (2,63%) casos sugestivos de MEP, dois (2,63%) de meningite e mieloencefalite bacteriana e um (1,31%) de hidrocefalia. Os 20 casos restantes (26,31%) foram considerados inconclusivos, pois apresentavam sinais clínicos sugestivos de enfermidade neurológica, mas não indicavam alterações histopatológicas relevantes. Dos 29 casos diagnosticados como inflamação linfoplasmocítica, foi possível detectar o agente etiológico em 11 (14,47%) casos, sendo destes, cinco (6,58%) de raiva, cinco (6,58%) de encefalomielite equina do leste e um (1,31%) de encefalomielite por herpesvírus equino tipo 1. Este estudo demonstra pela primeira vez, afecções neurológicas de equinos do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Ademais, este trabalho ratifica que estudos prospectivos com a utilização de novos métodos de diagnóstico virológico, molecular e imuno-histoquímico necessitam ser implementados para se conhecer melhor a etiologia destas lesões e assim possibilitar medidas eficazes de prevenção e controle dessas doenças. __________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTNervous system diseases of equines are commonly diagnosed, however there are few studies focusing on the epidemiological and anatomic pathology aspects of these diseases in Brazil. Investigations of this nature from the Brazilian Central-West region, particularly from the Distrito Federal, are not avaiable. Among these diseases, zoonosis such as rabies, West Nile virus and Eastern Equine Encephalitis, besides other diseases of economic importance, such as trauma and leukoencephalomalacia. The purpose of this report was to perform a retrospective study of neurological cases from horses submitted to the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, the University of Brasília, from January 2013 to June 2013. Seventy six cases with clinical and/or anatomic pathology changes were found. Lymphoplasmocytic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) was the most common lesion, with 29 cases (38,16%), followed by nine (11,84%) cases with trauma and five (6,58%) with leukoencephalomalacia. Tetanus and parasitic encephalitis due to Halicephalobus gingivalis represented three (3,94%) cases each. Two other cases (2,63%) were equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) and two (2,63%) other cases suggestive of EPM, followed by two (2,63%) bacterial meningitis and myeloencephalitis, and one (1,31%) case of hydrocephalus. The rest of the cases, 20 (26,31%), are considered inconclusive, because they showed clinical signs of neurological disease, but histological changes were not found. Of the 29 (38,16%) cases lymphoplasmocytic inflammation, it was possible to determine the etiology in 11 (14,47%) cases, with five (6,58%) being rabies, five (6,58%) EEE and one (1,31%) equine herpesvirus type 1 encephalitis. This study demonstrates for the first time, in Central of Brazil, that inflammatory changes are the most common cause of neurological disease in equines in this region. Furthermore, this report shows that prospective studies using virological, molecular and immunohistochemical methods are needed in order to improve knowledge concerning the etiology of this lesion and therefore making it feasible to implement measures of prevention and control

Neoplasmas de cavidade oral de cães em Porto Alegre e Região Metropolitana/RS : 379 casos

Em cães, os neoplasmas na cavidade oral correspondem a cerca de 4 a 6% de todas os neoplasmas e destes, 65% são malignos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo retrospectivo e reclassificação histológica dos casos de neoplasmas orais em cães diagnosticados no Setor de Patologia Veterinária (SPV) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), entre janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2016. Neste período, foram computados 14.222 casos de neoplasmas em cães, 735 eram da cavidade oral, dos quais 379 amostras foram incluídas neste estudo para a revisão histológica atualizada. Os cães SRD (sem raça definida) foram os mais frequentes, seguidos das raças Poodle, Cocker, Labrador e Boxer. A idade variou de um ano a 20 anos, com média de 9,85 anos e predomínio de cães machos. A localização principal foi a gengiva (55,67%), seguida de cavidade oral (região não especificada) (26,12%) e palato (5,8%). O melanoma foi a neoplasia mais frequente (31,93%), seguida pelo fibroma odontogênico periférico (24,01%), o ameloblastoma acantomatoso (15,57%) e o carcinoma de células escamosas. O presente estudo apresenta dados epidemiológicos e histológicos atuais a respeito dos neoplasmas orais em cães no Rio Grande do Sul.In dogs, neoplasms in the oral cavity correspond to about 4 to 6% of all neoplasms and of these, 65% are malignant. The objective of this study was to conduct a retrospective study and histological reclassification of cases of oral neoplasms in dogs diagnosed in the Setor de Patologia Veterinária (SPV) of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), between January 2004 and December 2016. In this period, 14,222 cases of neoplasms were counted in dogs, 735 were from the oral cavity, of which 379 samples were included in this study for the updated histological revision. Mixed-breed dogs were the most frequent, followed by Poodle, Cocker, Labrador and Boxer breeds. The age ranged from one year to 20 years, with a mean of 9.85 years and a predominance of male dogs. The main location was the gingiva (55,67%), followed by oral cavity (unspecified region) (26,12%) and palate (5,8%). Melanoma was the most frequent neoplasm (31.93%), followed by peripheral odontogenic fibroma (24.01%), acanthomatous ameloblastoma (15.57%) and squamous cell carcinoma. The present study supports and promotes current epidemiological and histological data regarding oral neoplasms in dogs in Rio Grande do Sul

Enteropatia proliferativa por Lawsonia intracellularis em coelhos no Sul do Brasil

Proliferative enteropathy (PE), also known as ileitis, is a disease caused by the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. This disease is characterized by diarrhea and ill-thrift. The aim of this study is to describe a PE outbreak in rabbits that occurred in Southern Brazil. The farm had 700 rabbits at the time the outbreak occurred. The clinical signs were severe diarrhea, dehydration, and apathy. Necropsy was performed in 33 rabbits, and the most evident macroscopic findings were thickening of the intestinal wall, intestinal loops distended by large amounts of gas, and liquid feces. Histopathological examination demonstrated a marked proliferation of enterocytes in intestinal crypts, decrease number of goblet cells, and crypts microabscesses. Silver impregnation technique (Warthin-Starry) demonstrated in intestinal crypts inside of enterocytes cytoplasm, curved vibrioid bacteria compatible with L. intracellularis. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-L. intracellularis confirmed the agent presence. PCR was performed and L. intracellularis was confirmed as the etiological agent.A enteropatia proliferativa (EP), também conhecida como ileíte, é uma doença causada pela bactéria Lawsonia intracellularis, que é caracterizada por diarreia com redução do ganho de peso. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um surto de EP em coelhos na região sul do Brasil. A propriedade possuía 700 coelhos, durante o período do surto. O quadro clínico caracterizava-se por diarreia severa, desidratação e apatia. Realizou-se o exame de necropsia em 33 coelhos, e as alterações macroscópicas mais evidentes eram; alças intestinais acentuadamente distendidas por gás e fezes líquidas, além de serosa rugosa e parede intestinal moderadamente espessada. Na análise histopatológica do intestino delgado visualizou-se marcada hiperplasia de enterócitos de criptas, moderada diminuição do número de células caliciformes e microabscessos de criptas. A etiologia das lesões foi confirmada pela técnica de impregnação pela prata (Warthin-Starry), evidenciando bactérias vibrioides compatíveis com L. intracellularis no ápice de enterócitos das criptas intestinais. Ainda, foi obtida imunomarcação positiva de enterócitos de criptas na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo anti-L. intracellularis e a PCR positiva em amostras de intestino

Lesions in the skin of cattle associated to hairy vetch consumption (Vicia villosa)

Background: Hairy vetch (Vicia spp.) is a high-protein source forage to cattle. The poisoning is clinically characterized by a systemic granulomatous disease, which causes dermatitis, diarrhea, decreased milk production and weight loss. The specie of hairy vetch related to systemic granulomatous disease in cattle is Vicia villosa. This work aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, gross, microscopic and immunohistochemistry features of the skin lesions caused by the consumption of V. villosa in cattle affected by the systemic granulomatous disease. Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study of necropsy and biopsy exams performed between the period of 2005-2016 aiming for cattle with systemic granulomatous disease after consumption of hairy vetch was carried out in the archives of the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from the UFRGS. Epidemiological data included the sex, age, and breed of the animals affected. Gross and microscopical lesions, in addition to the immunohistochemistry anti-T lymphocytes (CD3), anti-B lymphocytes (CD79a), and anti-macrophages (CD68) features, were evaluated. The histological lesions and immunohistochemistry staining were quantified in mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++). The diagnosis of systemic granulomatous disease with skin lesions after consumption of Vicia villosa was observed in eight cattle. All animals were females, with 5-8 year-old (average 6.6 years), Holstein Friesian cattle (7) and Jersey (1) breeds. These cattle had a clinical history of severe pruritus, anorexia, apathy, decreased milk production, weight loss, and hyperthermia. Grossly, lesions were characterized by alopecia (8/8), crusts (7/8), lichenification and seborrhea (2/8), and exudative lesions (2/8), and involved the head (7/8), limbs (5/8), neck (4/8), trunk (4/8), perineum area (3/8), udder (3/8), and tail (3/8) Histology revealed a mild to moderate inflammatory infiltrate (7/7), composed by lymphocytes (7/7), macrophages (7/7), occasional eosinophils, and rare multinucleated giant cells (1/7). It was also classified in mild to severe perivascular dermatitis (7/7), mild to moderate perifolliculitis (4/7), superficial dermatitis (3/7), moderate to severe mural folliculitis (2/7), and hidradenitis (1/7). Another findings were moderate apocrine sweat gland ectasia, mild to moderate orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, mild to moderate spongiosis, mild to moderate acanthosis, mild to severe serocellular crusts, mild pigmentary incontinence, mild to severe Munro’s microabscesses, mild to moderate hydropic degeneration, apoptosis, ulcers, mild to moderate superficial edema of the dermis, variable epitheliotropism and erosions. Immunohistochemistry of all skin sections had mild to severe staining for T cell (CD3), mild staining for macrophages (CD68), and immunostaining was rare (4/7) or absent (3/7) for B cells (CD79a). Discussion: Cutaneous lesions observed in this study were similar to those previously described by other authors for this condition, and were characterized by focal to coalescent areas of alopecia, lichenification and seborrhea, associated clinically to a severe pruritus. Histologically, these consisted of perivascular dermatitis, and perifolliculitis with an inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly by lymphocytes, macrophages, with occasional eosinophils and multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates a marked immunostaining for T cells, while it was mild for macrophages, which reinforces the involvement of the delayed type hypersensitivity (type IV) reaction in the pathogenesis of the disease

Anatomo-pathological aspects of parasitism by nematodes of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea in wild crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in Midwestern Brazil

ABSTRACT: Nematodes of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea affect the respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems of domestic carnivores and are uncommonly detected in wild animals. This report describes the lesions associated with pulmonary parasitism by nematodes of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea in a wild crab-eating fox ( Cerdocyon thous ) in the Federal District, Brazil. Grossly, there was pulmonary hyperemia, edema, and emphysema. Microscopically, there was granulomatous arteritis associated with intravascular metastrongylid. The anatomical location, characteristic lesion, and histological features of the parasite suggested that the nematode involved in this case is Angiostrongylus vasorum . This worm is frequently reported parasitizing pulmonary arteries of domestic canids but is uncommonly described in wild canids in Midwestern Brazil

Resiliência da raia viola-de-cara-curta (Zapteryx brevirostris) : ganho compensatório completo, hematologia e histopatologia

Compensatory gain has been used to evaluate the plasticity of species, in adverse situations such as food deprivation. The aim of the present study was to identify the type of compensatory gain achieved by the shortnose guitarfish (Zapteryx brevirostris), in situations of reduction of food resources. Three treatments were used: seven days of food deprivation and fourteen days of refeeding (T7x14); fourteen days of food deprivation and fourteen days of refeeding (T14x14); and feeding every day (TControl). Zootechnical performance, blood samples and histological samples were evaluated. We demonstrated that this species presented complete compensatory gain and that some blood parameters and histological alterations were associated with fasting.O ganho compensatório vem sendo utilizado para avaliar a plasticidade de uma espécie, frente a uma injúria, como a privação de alimento. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar qual o tipo de ganho compensatório da raia viola (Zapteryx brevirostris), frente à redução de recursos alimentares. Os tratamentos empregados foram sete dias de privação alimentar e quatorze dias de realimentação (T7x14), quatorze dias de privação alimentar e quatorze dias de realimentação (T14x14) e alimentação todos os dias (TControle). Foram avaliados o desempenho zootécnico, amostras sanguíneas e histológicas. Demonstramos que a espécie apresenta ganho compensatório completo e existem parâmetros sanguíneos e alterações histológicas associados ao jejum

Ruminite aguda por sobrecarga de lipídeos em um bovino

The objective of this paper is to report the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of a case of rumenitis due to the ingestion of soybean oil in a bovine. The ox had access to barrels that stored soybean oil and ingested an indeterminate amount of the product. After consuming it, the animal presented hiporexia; liquid, brownish, and greasy feces; severe dehydration (12%); apathy; sternal recumbency; and death with a clinical evolution of 4 days. At necropsy, the rumen was filled with voluminous food and moderate amount of white-gray liquid with a greasy appearance. Upon microscopic examination, hydropic degeneration of the epithelium and areas of mucosal necrosis were observed in the rumen and reticulum. From these findings, we concluded that the bovine developed a state of acidosis and acute rumenitis due to excessive intake of lipids.O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de um caso de ruminite por ingestão de óleo de soja em um bovino. O animal teve acesso acidental a tonéis que armazenavam óleo de soja e ingeriu uma quantidade indeterminada do produto. Após o consumo, o bovino apresentou hiporexia, fezes líquidas, acastanhadas e de aspecto gorduroso, desidratação severa (12%), apatia, decúbito esternal e morte, com evolução clínica de quatro dias. Na necropsia o rúmen estava repleto por alimentos volumosos e moderada quantidade de líquido branco-acinzentado e de aspecto gorduroso. Microscopicamente, no rúmen e retículo havia degeneração hidrópica do epitélio e áreas de necrose da mucosa. A partir destes achados, concluímos que o bovino desenvolveu um quadro de acidose e ruminite aguda por consumo excessivo de lipídeos

Lesions in the skin of cattle associated to hairy vetch consumption (Vicia villosa)

Background: Hairy vetch (Vicia spp.) is a high-protein source forage to cattle. The poisoning is clinically characterized by a systemic granulomatous disease, which causes dermatitis, diarrhea, decreased milk production and weight loss. The specie of hairy vetch related to systemic granulomatous disease in cattle is Vicia villosa. This work aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, gross, microscopic and immunohistochemistry features of the skin lesions caused by the consumption of V. villosa in cattle affected by the systemic granulomatous disease. Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study of necropsy and biopsy exams performed between the period of 2005-2016 aiming for cattle with systemic granulomatous disease after consumption of hairy vetch was carried out in the archives of the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from the UFRGS. Epidemiological data included the sex, age, and breed of the animals affected. Gross and microscopical lesions, in addition to the immunohistochemistry anti-T lymphocytes (CD3), anti-B lymphocytes (CD79a), and anti-macrophages (CD68) features, were evaluated. The histological lesions and immunohistochemistry staining were quantified in mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++). The diagnosis of systemic granulomatous disease with skin lesions after consumption of Vicia villosa was observed in eight cattle. All animals were females, with 5-8 year-old (average 6.6 years), Holstein Friesian cattle (7) and Jersey (1) breeds. These cattle had a clinical history of severe pruritus, anorexia, apathy, decreased milk production, weight loss, and hyperthermia. Grossly, lesions were characterized by alopecia (8/8), crusts (7/8), lichenification and seborrhea (2/8), and exudative lesions (2/8), and involved the head (7/8), limbs (5/8), neck (4/8), trunk (4/8), perineum area (3/8), udder (3/8), and tail (3/8) Histology revealed a mild to moderate inflammatory infiltrate (7/7), composed by lymphocytes (7/7), macrophages (7/7), occasional eosinophils, and rare multinucleated giant cells (1/7). It was also classified in mild to severe perivascular dermatitis (7/7), mild to moderate perifolliculitis (4/7), superficial dermatitis (3/7), moderate to severe mural folliculitis (2/7), and hidradenitis (1/7). Another findings were moderate apocrine sweat gland ectasia, mild to moderate orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, mild to moderate spongiosis, mild to moderate acanthosis, mild to severe serocellular crusts, mild pigmentary incontinence, mild to severe Munro’s microabscesses, mild to moderate hydropic degeneration, apoptosis, ulcers, mild to moderate superficial edema of the dermis, variable epitheliotropism and erosions. Immunohistochemistry of all skin sections had mild to severe staining for T cell (CD3), mild staining for macrophages (CD68), and immunostaining was rare (4/7) or absent (3/7) for B cells (CD79a). Discussion: Cutaneous lesions observed in this study were similar to those previously described by other authors for this condition, and were characterized by focal to coalescent areas of alopecia, lichenification and seborrhea, associated clinically to a severe pruritus. Histologically, these consisted of perivascular dermatitis, and perifolliculitis with an inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly by lymphocytes, macrophages, with occasional eosinophils and multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates a marked immunostaining for T cells, while it was mild for macrophages, which reinforces the involvement of the delayed type hypersensitivity (type IV) reaction in the pathogenesis of the disease

Ruminite aguda por sobrecarga de lipídeos em um bovino

The objective of this paper is to report the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of a case of rumenitis due to the ingestion of soybean oil in a bovine. The ox had access to barrels that stored soybean oil and ingested an indeterminate amount of the product. After consuming it, the animal presented hiporexia; liquid, brownish, and greasy feces; severe dehydration (12%); apathy; sternal recumbency; and death with a clinical evolution of 4 days. At necropsy, the rumen was filled with voluminous food and moderate amount of white-gray liquid with a greasy appearance. Upon microscopic examination, hydropic degeneration of the epithelium and areas of mucosal necrosis were observed in the rumen and reticulum. From these findings, we concluded that the bovine developed a state of acidosis and acute rumenitis due to excessive intake of lipids.O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de um caso de ruminite por ingestão de óleo de soja em um bovino. O animal teve acesso acidental a tonéis que armazenavam óleo de soja e ingeriu uma quantidade indeterminada do produto. Após o consumo, o bovino apresentou hiporexia, fezes líquidas, acastanhadas e de aspecto gorduroso, desidratação severa (12%), apatia, decúbito esternal e morte, com evolução clínica de quatro dias. Na necropsia o rúmen estava repleto por alimentos volumosos e moderada quantidade de líquido branco-acinzentado e de aspecto gorduroso. Microscopicamente, no rúmen e retículo havia degeneração hidrópica do epitélio e áreas de necrose da mucosa. A partir destes achados, concluímos que o bovino desenvolveu um quadro de acidose e ruminite aguda por consumo excessivo de lipídeos