Bypassing Cloudflare’s reverse proxy: a case study / Contornando o proxy reverso do Cloudflare: um estudo de caso

 Reverse proxy is a functionality provided by companies such as Cloudflare and its designed to protect virtual assets on the internet by acting as a middleman between end users and an origin server. While working on a law enforcement case, we performed OSINT research, designed and deployed a tool that allowed us to reach an original website's IP address associated with criminal activity, thus achieving partial bypass of Cloudflare's reverse proxy protection

Extraction and analysis of volatile memory in android systems : an approach focused on trajectory reconstruction

Dissertação (mestrado) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2016.Dispositivos Android são amplamente utilizados e podem funcionar como receptores GPS. Informações de tempo e posicionamento possuem grande relevância no campo investigativo, todavia, os dados armazenados em mídia não-volátil podem ser limitados no que diz respeito à reconstrução de trajetórias. Este trabalho propõe um método de recuperação de mensagens com coordenadas GPS armazenadas na memória RAM de dispositivos móveis Android, a fim de reconstruir o trajeto trilhado pelo dispositivo. Estudos relacionados encontrados na literatura se mostraram limitados, uma vez que a maioria dos trabalhos produzidos são voltados à recuperação de informações de posicionamento de artefatos tipicamente encontrados em memória não-volátil. No desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi possível detalhar a arquitetura GPS em ambientes Android, viabilizando o entendimento dos principais mecanismos de armazenamento de coordenadas de posicionamento. Nesta linha, constatou-se que o protocolo NMEA 0183 tem importância fundamental na comunicação dos receptores GPS com os diversos tipos de aparelhos, uma vez que provê uma forma padronizada de transmissão dos dados de posicionamento. Ademais, foram realizados experimentos em diferentes ambientes, com aparelhos de distintas arquiteturas, para analisar a viabilidade da reconstrução de trajetórias com base nas mensagens do protocolo NMEA 0183 recuperadas da memória RAM, bem como nas estruturas textuais com características de coordenadas geodésicas. No desenvolvimento da técnica, foi possível verificar as dificuldades que podem atrapalhar o processo de extração e análise dos dados, bem como foram desenvolvidas ferramentas para auxiliar o processo.Android devices are widely used and can function as GPS receivers. Time and position information have great relevance in the investigative field, however, data stored in non-volatile media may be limited with regard to the reconstruction of trajectories. This study proposes a method for recovering messages with GPS coordinates stored in RAM memory of Android mobile devices, in order to rebuild the trajectory of the device. Related literature proved limited since the majority of the studies produced were directed to recovery of positioning information from artifacts typically found in non-volatile memory. In the development of this work, it was possible to detail GPS architecture on Android environments, providing a better understanding of the positioning coordinate storage mechanisms. Along this line, it was discovered that the NMEA 0183 protocol is critical for the communication of GPS receivers with the various types of equipment, since it provides a standard way of broadcasting positioning data. Experiments were performed in different environments, with different device architectures, to analyze the feasibility of reconstruction of trajectories based on the NMEA 0183 protocol messages and geodetic coordinates in textual format retrieved from RAM memory. In developing this technique, it was possible to verify the problems that can hinder the process of extraction and analysis of data. In addition, tools have been developed to aid the process of trajectory reconstruction

Evolução temporal da cobertura da terra de uma bacia experimental do Cerrado utilizando sensoriamento remoto multisensor e multitemporal

This study aimed to evaluate the experimental basin Sarandi stream land cover using multisensor images from 1996 to 2011. There were used aerophotography and visual interpretation on screen to generate the 2011 land cover map. This map was used to perform a backcalculation until 1996, using the better temporal and spectral resolution of the Landsat dataset. This land cover temporal evolution was associated with SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to perform an integrated evaluation with the morphometric variables. There were identified three high levels covers: Anthropic (Crops, Pasture, Building); Natural (Forest, Savanna and Grassland); Water Resources (Reservoir). There were identified three geomorphogical units: Plateau, Fronts Retreat Erosive, Colluvium Ramps. The Pasture (31,2%) was the highest coverage among the Anthropic classes, occurring especially in the Plateaus and Colluvium Ramps. The Savanna (23%) was the broadest Natural land covers in 2011, identified in all geomorphological units. It was observed that in 15-years the land cover variation remained around 10%, meaning that this basin had an older occupation. This approach subsidizes the natural resources management and environmental planning. In fact this work should be used to the energetic fluxes evaluation and also environmental services of the land cover.Pages: 7739-774

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data