Limitações e formação docente para abordar a temática circense nas aulas de educação física

Introdução: As manifestações circenses nas aulas de educação física são uma necessidade contemporânea. Contudo, algumas limitações são apontadas por professores(as) que atuam na educação básica, evidenciando sua interface com a formação inicial e continuada. Objetivo: Analisar as possíveis limitações docente para o desenvolvimento da tematização das atividades circenses nas aulas de Educação Física do ensino fundamental, bem como evidenciar aspectos associados ao processo de formação. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa entre oito professores(as) atuantes no ensino fundamental em escolas públicas da cidade de Mauá (SP), com caráter descritivo e explicativo, utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Foi verificado que as limitações físicas, materiais e técnicas são apontadas pelos(as) docentes como aspectos determinantes para não abordagem do tema em suas aulas. Demonstram limitações em relação a concepções teóricas evidenciando a necessidade de uma formação mais sólida e contextualizada ainda na formação inicial de professores(as) assim como na formação continuada. Conclusão: Os professores (as) apresentam inúmeras limitações quanto ao trato pedagógico e estas se associam à formação inicial e continuada. ABSTRACT. Limitations and teacher training to approach the circus theme in physical education classes  Background: Circus manifestations in physical education classes are a contemporary obligation. However, some issues are pointed out by teachers who work with basic education, evidenced by their interface with an initial and continuous educational development. Objective: To analyze the possibilities of teachers for the thematic circus activities in Physical Education classes. Methods: A qualitative research was carried out by eight teachers working in elementary education in public schools in the city of Mauá (São Paulo, Brazil), with descriptive and explanatory approach, using a content analysis technique. Results: It was possible to notice that the physical, material and technical constraints are pointed out by the teachers as determinant aspects for the non-approach of the theme in their classes. They demonstrate limitations in relation to theoretical conceptions, evidencing the need for a more solid and contextualized training in the initial formation of teachers as well as in continuous education. Conclusion: Teachers have many limitations on pedagogical treatment and these are associated with initial and continuous education

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Efeito da gonadectomia pós-parto sobre os comportamentos maternal, agressivo maternal e de ansiedade/medo e sobre a prolactina de ratas lactantes

No final da gestação e nos primeiros dias da lactação, as fêmeas passam por importantes mudanças hormonais e comportamentais que induzem e permitem a nutrição e cuidado da prole. O início da responsividade maternal aos filhotes depende da elevação das concentrações de progesterona (P4), estradiol (E2), e prolactina (PRL) durante a gestação, seguida pela queda da P4 no parto. Em ratos, o comportamento maternal pode ser observado com alta freqüência durante as duas primeiras semanas após o parto. Além de apresentarem comportamento maternal, ratas lactantes são altamente agressivas neste mesmo período e apresentam uma significativa redução da ansiedade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o papel dos hormônios gonadais na modulação dos comportamentos maternal, agressivo maternal e de ansiedade/medo de ratas lactantes. Para isso, as mesmas foram ovariectomizadas (OVX) ou sham OVX (SHAM) no 1º dia pós-parto e foram realizados registros do comportamento maternal, agressivo maternal além dos testes de labirinto em cruz elevado e campo aberto.Além disso, foram verificadas as concentrações plasmáticas de P4 e PRL das ratas lactantes e o peso das ninhadas visando o controle nutricional dos filhotes. A gonadectomia reduziu a freqüência dos comportamentos maternal e agressivo maternal, mas eles continuaram presentes e os filhotes ganharam peso normalmente. A redução significativa dos hormônios gonadais provocou um moderado aumento da ansiedade de fêmeas lactantes, e aumentou a secreção de PRL. Estes resultados indicam que os hormônios gonadais não são essenciais para o aumento de atividades maternais dirigidas aos filhotes, aumento da agressividade materna contra intrusos que se aproximam da área do ninho e redução da ansiedade observados em fêmeas lactantes, ou que estes hormônios atuam antes do parto. A primeira hipótese é improvável, considerando os estudos bem documentados que mostram que os hormônios gonadais exercem um importante efeito sobre estes comportamentos. Assim, nós podemos concluir que os hormônios das gônadas provocam alterações sobre os comportamentos de ratas lactantes atuando durante a gestação e o no parto. Além disso, durante a lactação, os hormônios gonadais parecem exercer um efeito inibitório sobre a secreção de PRL

Nuestra hoja : Órgano del Patronato de S. Juan Bautista de la Salle: Año I Número 1 - 1929 Septiembre

25

Progesterone and maternal aggressive behavior in rats

Females usually display low levels of aggressiveness; however, during lactation, the aggressive behavior against intruders to the nest area is an important component of the maternal behavioral repertoire. The present study aimed to analyze the influence of progesterone (P4) on the maternal aggressive behavior in rats. Lactating rat were ovariectomized on the first day after delivery and, on the 6th postpartum day, aggressive behaviors against a male intruder were recorded. Also in the 6th PPD, the effects of a P4 receptor antagonist (RU 486) as well as of finasteride – which inhibits the conversion of P4 to its metabolite allopregnanolone – on the aggressive behavior of non-ovariectomized lactating rats were analyzed. Finally, plasma concentration of prolactin was measured on the 8th PPD. This study shows, for the first time, that ovariectomy just after parturition reduces some aspects of the maternal behavior (frequency of licking) and the aggressive behavior and increased plasma prolactin. On the other hand, the administration of RU486 induced a marked increase in the aggressiveness of lactating females. No changes were detected after finasteride injection. Gonadal hormones after parturition seem necessary for the development of maternal aggressive behavior. Furthermore, our results suggest that the increase in P4 levels throughout the postpartum period could be one of the causes for the natural reduction of the aggressive behavior in lactating rats

Prevalência e fatores de risco na associação entre doença arterial coronariana e aneurisma de aorta Prevalence and risk factors for combined coronary artery disease and aortic aneurysm

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência da doença arterial coronariana (DAC) em portadores de aneurisma de aorta (AA), bem como as diferenças relacionadas às diferentes topografias. Descrever os principais fatores de risco para DAC relacionados a esta associação e suas eventuais diferenças de acordo com as diferentes topografias. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, aberto, não randomizado que avaliou 95 pacientes (62 homens, 33 mulheres, idade 63 ± 11,8 anos) com AA. Todos os pacientes, assintomáticos para DAC, possuíam tomografia computadorizada de aorta e angiografia coronariana. De acordo com a topografia do AA, eles foram divididos em três grupos: 1) pacientes com AA torácica (AAT); 2) com AA toracoabdominal (ATA) e 3) com AA abdominal (AAA). Foi criado um banco de dados com as informações clínicas e de exames complementares. A análise estatística realizada com o teste t de Student ou análise de variância (ANOVA) para as variáveis contínuas e qui-quadrado para as categóricas, sendo considerado p significante quando < 0,05. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de DAC foi de 63,1%, e o AAA apresentou maior prevalência quando comparado ao AAT e ATA (76% vs. 70% vs. 30%, p = 0,001). A análise comparativa dos fatores de risco para DAC de acordo com a topografia do AA revelou que os pacientes com AAA eram mais tabagistas (74,5% vs. 42,3% vs. 60%, p = 0,01) e dislipêmicos (54,2% vs 19,9% vs 60%, p = 0,007). Quanto à gravidade das lesões coronarianas na população de pacientes com AA, 12 (20%) possuíam pelo menos uma lesão coronariana > 70% e 19 (31,6%) > 50%. Quinze pacientes (25%) eram uniarteriais, 11 (18%) biarteriais e 34 (57%) triarteriais. CONCLUSÃO: Em portadores de AA a prevalência de DAC assintomática é elevada, principalmente naqueles com AAA. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem a necessidade de uma estratificação diagnóstica para DAC nos portadores de AA, principalmente nos com AAA.<br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate CAD prevalence in patients with aortic aneurysm, as well as differences related to aneurysm topographies. To describe the primary risk factors for CAD related to this association and their occasional differences according to AA topographies. METHODS: This was an open, prospective, nonrandomized study that evaluated 95 patients (66 men and 33 women, mean age 63 ± 11.8). All patients, asymptomatic for CAD, had undergone aortic CT and coronary angiography. According to the AA topography, they were classified into three groups: 1) patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA); 2) thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA); and 3) abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). A database was created to store information from clinical data and complementary examinations. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student’s t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: CAD prevalence was 63.1%, and AAA was more prevalent than TAA and TAAA (76% vs. 70% vs. 30%, p = 0.001). The comparative analysis of CAD risk factors based on the aortic aneurysm topography revealed that smoking and dyslipidemia were more prevalent among AAA patients (74.5% vs. 42.3% vs. 60%, p = 0.01 and (54.2% vs. 19.9% vs. 60%, p = 0.007, respectively). As for coronary lesion severity in the population of AA patients, 12 (20%) had at least one lesion > 70% and 19 (31.6%), > 50%. Fifteen patients (25%) had single-vessel disease, 11 (18%) had two-vessel disease, and 34 (57%) had three-vessel disease. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic CAD is highly prevalent in AA patients, particularly among those with AAA. Study results suggest the need for diagnostic stratification for CAD in patients with AA, especially those with AAA