Variants of gallbladder adenocarcinomas: Five case reports

Conventional adenocarcinomas comprise of about 90% of all gallbladder neoplasms; among them, pancreatobiliary is the most common phenotype followed by intestinal and gastric foveolar types. Papillary variant is the second most common form of adenocarcinoma affecting the gallbladder. Mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell carcinoma are rarer variants with grave prognoses. We report five cases of gallbladder neoplasms with four different histopathological features. (1) To report the rare neoplasms of the gallbladder for the future researches on their histopathology-based targeted therapy. (2) To describe the clinico-pathogical characteristics of the rare variants of gallbladder neoplasm

Cervical intramural pregnancy: Report of a rare case

Cervical pregnancy is an extremely rare condition of ectopic pregnancy with potential grave consequences if not diagnosed and treated early. A case of intramural pregnancy in the cervix is being reported for its rarity. Early diagnosis is imperative to preserve fertility, otherwise if the pregnancy is disturbed, it may precipitate massive haemorrhage, which may require hysterectomy to save the patient

Psoriasis and metabolic syndrome: Co-incidence or correlation

Background: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic skin disease having effects on other organs. It has been linked to diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. All of these components ultimately increase the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular morbidities. Several studies have been done in the western world to identify the presence of metabolic syndrome (or its components) in psoriatic patients. Aims and Objectives: Our study had been done with the objective of identifying the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriatics in comparison to normal population. Materials and Methods: The study was an institution-based case-control study. Subjects were recruited after obtaining informed consent. Cases of psoriasis were diagnosed clinically, and unrelated healthy volunteers served as controls. Inclusion criteria for cases were patients of clinically diagnosed psoriasis without any co-existent immune-suppressed conditions such as HIV, malignancy, or any other physiological conditions such as pregnancy or lactation that might influence metabolic syndrome. Smokers and alcoholics were also excluded from the study. Metabolic syndrome was defined by Adult treatment panel III criteria. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were expressed as range, mean ± standard deviation, frequencies (number of cases), and whichever was appropriate. For analytical statistics, numerical data were analyzed using t-test or ANOVA test, and for categorical data, Chi-square and Fischer′s exact test were used. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Abdominal obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6), hypertension (OR = 2.2), hyperglycemia (OR = 2.8), dyslipidemia (OR = 2.9), and metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.6) are associated with psoriasis. Conclusion: Psoriatic patients have an increased risk of developing abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in comparison to general population. All these contribute to higher preponderance to metabolic syndrome

Role of Dispersive Fluorous Interaction in the Solvation Dynamics of the Perfluoro Group Containing Molecules

Perfluoro group containing molecules possess an important self-aggregation property through the fluorous (F···F) interaction which makes them useful for diverse applications such as medicinal chemistry, separation techniques, polymer technology, and biology. In this article, we have investigated the solvation dynamics of coumarin-153 (C153) and coumarin-6H (C6H) in ethanol (ETH), 2-fluoroethanol (MFE), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) using the femtosecond upconversion technique and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to understand the role of fluorous interaction between the solute and solvent molecules in the solvation dynamics of perfluoro group containing molecules. The femtosecond upconversion data show that the time scales of solvation dynamics of C6H in ETH, MFE, and TFE are approximately the same whereas the solvation dynamics of C153 in TFE is slow as compared to that of ETH and MFE. It has also been observed that the time scale of solvation dynamics of C6H in ETH and MFE is higher than that of C153 in the same solvents. MD simulation results show a qualitative agreement with the experimental data in terms of the time scale of the slow components of the solvation for all the systems. The experimental and simulation studies combined lead to the conclusion that the solvation dynamics of C6H in all solvents as well as C153 in ETH and MFE is mostly governed by the charge distribution of ester moieties (CO and O) of dye molecules whereas the solvation of C153 in TFE is predominantly due to the dispersive fluorous interaction (F···F) between the perfluoro groups of the C153 and solvent molecules