The \u27Bulgarian Situation\u27: Constructing the Myth of a \u27National Mentality\u27 in Bulgarian Discourse and its Effect on Agency

This study examines the mythic form of the ‘Bulgarian situation’,which is evoked and managed in moments of social interaction,and during enactments of oplakvane (complaining) in Bulgarian discourse. Based on ethnographic examination of naturally occurring talk, interviews, and various media data, the article constructs the larger cultural narrative available in Bulgarian discourse,which explains the origins of a national identity,linked to a ‘national mentality’ developed over a historical period.This national identity is constituted communication, and highlights a deeply cultural notion of nationality and biology as intricately connected, and developed in the context of the Ottoman occupation,and the following period of socialism. Such a discursive conceptualization of nationality has implications for the local understandings of self and agency, also visible in a larger field of study across disciplines in Bulgaria under the name narodopsihologij (national psychology). The study bridges areas of research within post-socialism and communication and addresses the importance of the macro-processes in moments of transformation by examining how people responded to the uncertainty they faced in the long transitional period after communism,thus highlighting the complex consequences of the way the pastenters the present as novel adaptation

Documenting Collections of Bulgarian Museums. Framing a CIDOC-based Ontological Presentation

Report published in the Proceedings of the National Conference on "Education and Research in the Information Society", Plovdiv, May, 2014The paper offers short analytic survey and comparison between the standard for description of cultural objects, CIDOC-CRM (ISO 21127:2006) and museum passports, inventory books and files, all of which are used in documenting museum artifacts in Bulgaria since 50-s. Three different field-sets have been explored. The fields in use are more than 100. Several case studies and good practices which use CIDOC-CRM, CRMdig, SPECTRUM, LIDO and EDM are shown. The result from their comparison with Bulgarian practices is presented in a table, where 25 fields, taken from Bulgarian passports are listed with respect to three factors: (1) metadata type they are representing, (structural, administrative or descriptive), (2) their corresponding category/class as found in (2) CIDOC-CRM and in (3) EDM. The author is using this correspondence frame for creating a CIDOC-CRM-based referent ontology for description of Bulgarian museum artefacts. A detailed model, based on this frame will be created, with terminology thesaurus attached.Association for the Development of the Information Society, Institute of Mathematics and Informatics Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski

A Cry and an Outcry: \u3cem\u3eOplakvane\u3c/em\u3e (Complaining) as a Term for Communication Practice

This study examined the term oplakvane in Bulgarian discourse. It refers to a communication practice – similar to complaining – and a range of associated cultural meanings for ways to construct a socio-economic and political reality. Data for this study included naturally occurring talk recorded during social events, interview responses from 50 participants, and a range of media postings from newspapers and online sources. These were examined through the lens of ethnography of communication and studies of terms for talk. By examining the term\u27s context, potency, use, messages, meanings, and enactments, a larger cultural landscape is made available, illustrating how oplakvane not only describes negative talk, but references a communication ritual that serves to: (1) release the frustrations of everyday life, (2) celebrate and reinforce feelings of fate and despair, and (3) identify and locate a national Bulgarian character

Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: current perspectives in wound care

Introduction: When the skin’s integrity is compromised, one or more of its safeguarding mechanisms can be impaired. In this line of thought, wound healing often requires topical delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to ensure proper skin regeneration. Unfortunately, the dermal route of administration has drawbacks in terms of insufficient drug penetration and low bioavailability. The employment of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) in this field could be a promising approach due to their ability to increase drug permeation and provide sustained release and targeted delivery.Aim: This review aims to provide an update on the use of SLNs and NLCs in wound management and contribute to the advancement of innovative and effective treatments.Materials and Methods: Systematic research was conducted in various databases to identify relevant scientific publications on the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as drug delivery systems for topical wound care.Results and Conclusion: Lipid nanoparticles, including SLNs and NLCs, have been extensively investigated as delivery platforms for a wide range of compounds in wound healing. The encapsulation of synthetic, semi-synthetic, and natural molecules within these lipid-based nanosystems has demonstrated promising outcomes such as enhanced anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, as well as improved wound healing, leading to faster regeneration and increased tear resistance. Overall, lipid nanoparticles offer a valuable strategy for wound management with the potential to revolutionize the field and offer improved therapeutic options for better patient outcomes. 1. Romanovsky AA. Skin temperature: its role in thermoregulation. Acta Physiol. 2014;210(3):498-507. doi: 10.1111/apha.12231. 2. Nguyen AV, Soulika AM. The dynamics of the skin's immune system. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(8):1811. doi: 10.3390/ijms20081811. 3. Eyerich S, Eyerich K, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Biedermann T. Cutaneous barriers and skin immunity: differentiating a connected network. Trends Immunol. 2018;39(4):315-27. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2018.02.004. 4. Quaresma JAS. Organization of the skin immune system and compartmentalized immune responses in infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019;32(4):e00034-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00034-18. 5. Trucillo P, Di Maio E. Classification and production of polymeric foams among the systems for wound treatment. Polymers. 2021;13(10):1608.doi: 10.3390/polym13101608. 6. Subramaniam T, Fauzi MB, Lokanathan Y, Law JX. The role of calcium in wound healing. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(12):6486. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126486. 7. Grandi V, Corsi A, Pimpinelli N, Bacci S. Cellular mechanisms in acute and chronic wounds after PDT therapy: an update. Biomedicines. 2022;10(7):1624. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10071624. 8. Criollo-Mendoza MS, Contreras-Angulo LA, Leyva-López N, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Jiménez-Ortega LA, Heredia JB. Wound healing properties of natural products: mechanisms of action. Molecules. 2023;28(2):598. doi: 10.3390/molecules28020598. 9. Sharma D, Srivastava S, Kumar S, Sharma PK, Hassani R, Dailah HG, et al. Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds as an emerging tool for skin wound regeneration: a comprehensive review. Pharmaceuticals. 2023;16(2):325. doi: 10.3390/ph16020325. 10. Pârvănescu (Pană) RD, Watz C-G, Moacă E-A, Vlaia L, Marcovici I, Macașoi IG, et al. Oleogel formulations for the topical delivery of betulin and lupeol in skin injuries—preparation, physicochemical characterization, and pharmaco-toxicological evaluation. Molecules. 2021;26(14):4174. doi: 10.3390/molecules26144174. 11. Raziyeva K, Kim Y, Zharkinbekov Z, Kassymbek K, Jimi S, Saparov A. Immunology of acute and chronic wound healing. Biomolecules. 2021;11(5):700. doi: 10.3390/biom11050700. 12. Wang W, Lu KJ, Yu CH, Huang QL, Du YZ. Nano-drug delivery systems in wound treatment and skin regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology. 2019;17(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12951-019-0514-y. 13. de Souza ML, Dos Santos WM, de Sousa ALMD, de Albuquerque Wanderley Sales V, Nóbrega FP, de Oliveira MVG, et al. Lipid nanoparticles as a skin wound healing drug delivery system: discoveries and advances. Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(36):4536-50. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200417144530. 14. Javadzadeh Y, Azharshekoufeh Bahari L. Therapeutic nanostructures for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. In: Grumezescu AM, editor. Nano- and microscale drug delivery systems. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2017. p. 131-46. 15. Müller RH, Radtke M, Wissing SA. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic and dermatological preparations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2002;54 suppl 1:S131-55. doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00118-7. 16. Cavalli R, Gasco MR, Chetoni P, Burgalassi S, Saettone MF. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as ocular delivery system for tobramycin. Int J Pharm. 2002;238(1-2):241-5. doi: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00080-7. 17. Matei A-M, Caruntu C, Tampa M, Georgescu SR, Matei C, Constantin MM, et al. Applications of nanosized-lipid-based drug delivery systems in wound care. Appl Sci. 2021;11(11):4915. doi: 10.3390/app11114915. 18. Ghasemiyeh P, Mohammadi-Samani S. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers as novel drug delivery systems: applications, advantages and disadvantages. Res Pharm Sci. 2018;13(4):288-303. doi: 10.4103/1735-5362.235156. 19. Barroso A, Mestre H, Ascenso A, Simões S, Reis C. Nanomaterials in wound healing: From material sciences to wound healing applications. Nano Select. 2020;1(5):443-60. doi: 10.1002/nano.202000055. 20. Andonova V, Peneva P. Characterization methods for solid lipid nanoparticles (sln) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23:6630-42. doi: 10.2174/1381612823666171115105721. 21. Musielak E, Feliczak-Guzik A, Nowak I. Synthesis and potential applications of lipid nanoparticles in medicine. Materials. 2022;15(2):682. doi: 10.3390/ma15020682. 22. Eh Suk VR, Mohd Latif F, Teo YY, Misran M. Development of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) assisted with polysorbate nonionic surfactants as a carrier for l-ascorbic acid and Gold Tri.E 30. J Food Sci Technol. 2020;57(9):3259-66. doi: 10.1007/s13197-020-04357-x. 23. Silva AM, Martins-Gomes C, Coutinho TE, Fangueiro JF, Sanchez-Lopez E, Pashirova TN, et al. Soft cationic nanoparticles for drug delivery: production and cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Appl Sci. 2019;9(20):4438. doi:10.3390/app9204438. 24. Bose S, Du Y, Takhistov P, Michniak-Kohn B. Formulation optimization and topical delivery of quercetin from solid lipid based nanosystems. Int J Pharm. 2013;441(1-2):56-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.12.013. 25. Balamurugan K, Chintamani P. Lipid nano particulate drug delivery: An overview of the emerging trend. Pharma Innov. 2018;7(7):779-89. 26. Dhiman N, Awasthi R, Sharma B, Kharkwal H, Kulkarni GT. Lipid nanoparticles as carriers for bioactive delivery. Front Chem. 2021;9:580118. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2021.580118. 27. Sotirova Y, Stoeva S, Nikolova R, Andonova V. Nanostructured lipid carriers as a promising dermal delivery platform for St. John’s wort extract: preliminary studies. J IMAB. 2023;29:4911-9. doi:10.5272/jimab.2023292.4911. 28. Luan L, Chi Z, Liu C. Chinese white wax solid lipid nanoparticles as a novel nanocarrier of curcumin for inhibiting the formation of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Nanomaterials. 2019;9(5):763. doi: 10.3390/nano9050763. 29. Lerata MS, D’Souza S, Sibuyi NRS, Dube A, Meyer M, Samaai T, et al. Encapsulation of variabilin in stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles enhances its anticancer activity in vitro. Molecules. 2020;25(4):830. doi: 10.3390/molecules25040830. 30. D’Souza AA, Shegokar R. Potential of oils in the development of nanostructured lipid carriers. In: Rai M, Zacchino S, Derita M, editors. Essential oils and nanotechnology for treatment of microbial diseases. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2017. p. 242-57. 31. Basso J, Mendes M, Cova T, Sousa J, Pais A, Fortuna A, et al. A stepwise framework for the systematic development of lipid nanoparticles. Biomolecules. 2022;12(2):223. doi: 10.3390/biom12020223. 32. Singh AK, Mukerjee A, Pandey H, Mishra SB. Fabrication of solid lipid nanoparticles by hot high shear homogenization and optimization by Box–Behnken design: An accelerated stability assessment. J Appl Pharm Sci, 2021;11(9):35-47. doi: 10.7324/JAPS.2021.110905 33. Kim CH, Kim BD, Lee TH, Kim HK, Lyu MJ, Yoon YI, et al. Synergistic co-administration of docetaxel and curcumin to chemoresistant cancer cells using PEGylated and RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers. Cancer Nano. 2022;13:17. 34. Dhillon P, Mirza MA, Anwer MK, Alshetaili AS, Alshahrani SM, Iqbal Z. Development and optimization of erythromycin-loaded lipid-based gel by Taguchi design: In vitro characterization and antimicrobial evaluation. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2019;55:e17395. doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000217395. 35. Karami MA, Sharif Makhmal Zadeh B, Koochak M, Moghimipur E. Superoxide dismutase-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles prepared by cold homogenization method: characterization and permeation study through burned rat skin. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. 2016;11(4):e33968. doi: 10.17795/jjnpp-33968. 36. Salminen H, Kasapoğlu KN, Özçelik B, Weiss J. Stabilization of solid lipid nanoparticles with glycyrrhizin. Eur Food Res Technol. 2023;249(2):787-98. doi:10.1007/s00217-022-04176-8. 37. Chakravarty P, Famili A, Nagapudi K, Al-Sayah MA. Using supercritical fluid technology as a green alternative during the preparation of drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11(12):629. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120629. 38. Winarti L, Suwaldi S, Martien R, Hakim L. Formulation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of bovine serum albumin using HLB (hydrophilic-lypophilic balance) approach. Indones J Pharm. 2016;27:117-27. doi:10.14499/indonesianjpharm27iss3pp117. 39. Shimojo AAM, Fernandes ARV, Ferreira NRE, Sanchez-Lopez E, Santana MHA, Souto EB. Evaluation of the influence of process parameters on the properties of resveratrol-loaded NLC using 22 full factorial design. Antioxidants. 2019;8(8):272. doi: 10.3390/antiox8080272. 40. Akanda M, Getti G, Douroumis D. In vivo evaluation of nanostructured lipid carrier systems (NLCs) in mice bearing prostate cancer tumours. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2023;13(8):2083-95. doi: 10.1007/s13346-021-01095-1. Epub 2021 Nov 29.  41. Vicente-Pascual M, Gómez-Aguado I, Rodríguez-Castejón J, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Muntoni E, Battaglia L, et al. Topical administration of SLN-based gene therapy for the treatment of corneal inflammation by de novo IL-10 production. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(6):584. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060584. 42. Chaiyana W, Anuchapreeda S, Somwongin S, Marsup P, Lee KH, Lin WC, et al. Dermal delivery enhancement of natural anti-ageing compounds from Ocimum sanctum Linn. extract by nanostructured lipid carriers. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(4):309. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040309. 43. Moglad EH, Fatima F, Ahmed MM, Seshadri VD, Anwer MK, Aldawsari MF. Development of topical antibacterial gel loaded with cefadroxil solid lipid nanoparticles: in vivo wound healing activity and epithelialization study. Int J Pharmacol. 2020;16:298-309. 44. Mastiholimath VS, Valerie CTW, Mannur VS, Dandagi PM, Gadad AP, Khanal P. Formulation and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticle containing silver sulfadiazine for second and third degree burn wounds and its suitable analytical method development and validation. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2019;54(1):31-45. doi:10.5530/ijper.54.1.5. 45. El-Salamouni NS, Gowayed MA, Seiffein NL, Abdel-Moneim RA, Kamel MA, Labib GS. Valsartan solid lipid nanoparticles integrated hydrogel: A challenging repurposed use in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer, in-vitro/in-vivo experimental study. Int J Pharm. 2021;592:120091. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120091. 46. Gupta B, Sharma G, Sharma P, Sandhu SK, Kaur IP. Self-gelling solid lipid nanoparticle hydrogel containing simvastatin as suitable wound dressing: an investigative study. Gels. 2022;8(1):58. doi: 10.3390/gels8010058. 47. Ahmadi M, Mehdikhani M, Varshosaz J, Farsaei S, Torabi H. Pharmaceutical evaluation of atorvastatin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers incorporated into the gelatin/hyaluronic acid/polycaprolactone scaffold for the skin tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl. 2021;35(8):958-77. doi: 10.1177/0885328220970760. 48. Natarajan J, Sanapalli BKR, Bano M, Singh SK, Gulati M, Karri VVSR. Nanostructured lipid carriers of pioglitazone loaded collagen/chitosan composite scaffold for diabetic wound healing. Adv Wound Care. 2019;8(10):499-513. doi: 10.1089/wound.2018.0831. 49. Motawea A, Abd El-Gawad AEH, Borg T, Motawea M, Tarshoby M. The impact of topical phenytoin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers in diabetic foot ulceration. Foot. 2019;40:14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2019.03.007.50. Varrica C, Carvalheiro M, Faria-Silva C, Eleutério C, Sandri G, Simões S. Topical allopurinol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: a novel approach for wound healing management. Bioengineering. 2021;8(12):192. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering8120192. 51. Romić MD, Sušac A, Lovrić J, Cetina-Čižmek B, Filipović-Grčić J, Hafner A. Evaluation of stability and in vitro wound healing potential of melatonin loaded (lipid enriched) chitosan based microspheres. Acta Pharm. 2019;69(4):635-48. doi: 10.2478/acph-2019-0049. 52. Kakkar V, Kaur IP, Kaur AP, Saini K, Singh KK. Topical delivery of tetrahydrocurcumin lipid nanoparticles effectively inhibits skin inflammation: in vitro and in vivo study. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2018;44(10):1701-12. doi: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1492607. 53. Kumar, SCS. Solid lipid nanoparticles containing asiaticoside: development of topical delivery formulation. RGUHS J Pharm Sci. 2018;8(2):32-44. doi: 10.5530/rjps.2018.2.1. 54. Arantes VT, Faraco AAG, Ferreira FB, Oliveira CA, Martins-Santos E, Cassini-Vieira P, et al. Retinoic acid-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles surrounded by chitosan film support diabetic wound healing in in vivo study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2020;188:110749. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110749. 55. Reczyńska-Kolman K, Hartman K, Kwiecień K, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Pamuła E. Composites based on gellan gum, alginate and nisin-enriched lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of infected wounds. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;23(1):321. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010321. 56. Ryan A, Patel P, Ratrey P, O’Connor PM, O’Sullivan J, Ross RP, et al. The development of a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN)-based lacticin 3147 hydrogel for the treatment of wound infections. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2023;13(9):2407-23. doi: 10.1007/s13346-023-01332-9. 57. Albaayit SFA, Rasedee A, Abdullah N. Zerumbone-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier gel facilitates wound healing in rats. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2020;30:272-8. oi: 10.1155/2022/1129297. 58. Sun D, Guo S-Y, Yang L, Wang Y-R, Wei X-H, Song S, et al. Silicone elastomer gel impregnated with 20(S)-protopanaxadiol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for ordered diabetic ulcer recovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2020;41(1):119-28. doi: 10.1038/s41401-019-0288-7. 59. Alexander HR, Syed Alwi SS, Yazan LS, Zakarial Ansar FH, Ong YS. Migration and proliferation effects of thymoquinone-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (TQ-NLC) and thymoquinone (TQ) on in vitro wound healing models. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019;2019:9725738. doi: 10.1155/2019/9725738. 60. Sharifi-Rad J, Sureda A, Tenore GC, Daglia M, Sharifi-Rad M, Valussi M, et al. Biological activities of essential oils: from plant chemoecology to traditional healing systems. Molecules. 2017;22(1):70. doi: 10.3390/molecules22010070. 61. Sousa VI, Parente JF, Marques JF, Forte MA, Tavares CJ. Microencapsulation of essential oils: a review. Polymers. 2022;14(9):1730. doi: 10.3390/polym14091730. 62. Cimino C, Maurel OM, Musumeci T, Bonaccorso A, Drago F, Souto EMB, et al. Essential oils: pharmaceutical applications and encapsulation strategies into lipid-based delivery systems. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(3):327. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030327. 63. Kamel R, Afifi SM, Abdou AM, Esatbeyoglu T, AbouSamra MM. Nanolipogel loaded with tea tree oil for the management of burn: GC-MS analysis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Molecules. 2022;27(19):6143. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196143. 64. Gad HA, Abd El-Rahman FA, Hamdy GM. Chamomile oil loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: A naturally formulated remedy to enhance the wound healing. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019;50:329-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.008. 65. Valizadeh A, Abdollahi A, Ranjbar N, Kelidari HR, Sereshti H, Osanloo M. Antibacterial effects of impregnated scaffolds with solid lipid nanoparticles gels containing three essential oils against standard and clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Nanomed Res J. 2021;6(3):218-27. doi: 10.22034/NMRJ.2021.03.002. 66. Khezri K, Farahpour MR, Mounesi Rad S. Efficacy of Mentha pulegium essential oil encapsulated into nanostructured lipid carriers as an in vitro antibacterial and infected wound healing agent. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2020;589:124414. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124414. 67. Ghodrati M, Farahpour M. Encapsulation of Peppermint essential oil in nanostructured lipid carriers: In-vitro antibacterial activity and accelerative effect on infected wound healing. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2019;564:161-9. 68. Khezri K, Farahpour MR, Mounesi Rad S. Accelerated infected wound healing by topical application of encapsulated Rosemary essential oil into nanostructured lipid carriers. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2019;47(1):980-8. doi: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1582539. 69. Tazehjani DAJ, Farahpour MR, Hamishehkar H. Effectiveness of topical caraway essential oil loaded into nanostructured lipid carrier as a promising platform for the treatment of infected wounds. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2020;610:125748. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125748. 70. Vijayanand P, Jyothi V, Mounika A. Hibiscus rosa sinensis loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and in vivo wound healing activity in wistar albino rats. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2020;12:78-83. doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i3.38311. 71. Sotirova Y, Gugleva V, Stoeva S, Kolev I, Nikolova R, Marudova M, et al. Bigel formulations of nanoencapsulated St. John’s wort extract—an approach for enhanced wound healing. Gels. 2023;9(5):360. doi: 10.3390/gels9050360. 72. Elkhateeb OM, Badawy MEI, Noreldin AE, Abou-Ahmed HM, El-Kammar MH, Elkhenany HA. Comparative evaluation of propolis nanostructured lipid carriers and its crude extract for antioxidants, antimicrobial activity, and skin regeneration potential. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2022;22(1):256. doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03737-4. 73. Ghaffari S, Alihosseini F, Rezayat Sorkhabadi SM, Arbabi Bidgoli S, Mousavi SE, Haghighat S, et al. Nanotechnology in wound healing; semisolid dosage forms containing curcumin-ampicillin solid lipid nanoparticles, in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo characteristics. Adv Pharm Bull. 2018;8(3):395-400. doi: 10.15171/apb.2018.046. 74. Veintramuthusankar U. Development of mupirocin-tinidazole solid-lipid nanoparticles loaded topical gel for the management of bacterial wound infections. Res J Sci Technol. 2020;12(1):57-64. doi: 10.5958/2349-2988.2020.00007.8. 75. Singh A, Iqubal MK, Mittal S, Qizilbash FF, Sartaz A, Kumar S, et al. Designing and evaluation of dermal targeted combinatorial nanostructured lipid carrier gel loaded with curcumin and resveratrol for accelerating cutaneous wound healing. Part Sci Technol. 2023. doi:10.1080/02726351.2023.2205348. 76. Lee HJ, Jeong M, Na YG, Kim SJ, Lee HK, Cho CW. An EGF- and curcumin-co-encapsulated nanostructured lipid carrier accelerates chronic-wound healing in diabetic rats. Molecules. 2020;25(20):4610. doi: 10.3390/molecules25204610. 77. Carbone C, Caddeo C, Grimaudo MA, Manno DE, Serra A, Musumeci T. Ferulic acid-NLC with lavandula essential oil: a possible strategy for wound-healing? Nanomaterials. 2020;10(5):898. doi: 10.3390/nano10050898

“OF ALL, I MOST HATE BULGARIANS”: SITUATING OPLAKVANE IN BULGARIAN DISCOURSE AS A CULTURAL TERM FOR COMMUNICATIVE PRACTICE

The following dissertation raises these questions: how do people talk about their communication, and what role does this play as constructing a widely used cultural resource? The specific data concerns oplakvane, referring both to a key cultural term and a range of communication practices in Bulgaria. This term, and these practices are explored through the theoretical and methodological frame of cultural communication (Philipsen, 1981-87), ethnography of communication (Hymes, 1962), and cultural discourse analysis (Carbaugh, 1992, 2007a, 2010). The analyses demonstrate how oplakvane, which can loosely be translated as “complaining” and “mourning”, functions as a deeply shared cultural resource for communication (Carbaugh, 1989a) and as a system of deeply rooted communication practices. These practices often occur in a cyclical form, in a ritualized manner (Philipsen, 1987), which, when enacted, pays homage in re-constructing a sacred object, a particular Bulgarian identity. Through and within oplakvane practices, a specific cultural “reality” connected to the larger narrative of the Bulgarian “situation” is reconstituted, with radiants of meaning being activated for identity, elaborated through its deep sense of dwelling, related emotions, and habits of routine action. The findings, therefore, offer an understanding of oplakvane as a Bulgarian way in which communication constitutes culture, and works as a discursive resource for the management and recreation of the Bulgarian cultural landscape. Discussion of the findings demonstrates how the study enriches the ethnography of communication field substantively, theoretically, and methodologically

PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER’S PRACTICES AND STUDENT’S MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS: THE LEARNING OBJECTS OPTION

This research focuses on the study of the integration of physical science Learning Objects by primary school teachers. In this paper, we present the results of an empirical study to identify the views of teachers on the quality and adaptation of Learning Objects to mental representations of children to the physical world. The research was carried out using a questionnaire that consisted of 6 questions. The results show that the Learning Objects used are relevant for the elaboration of representations of primary children and that the teachers’ training in this subject is not enough. Article visualizations

Dijital Sergiler ve Anahtar Resim Ontolojisi

The Age of Image predates and is currently contemporaneous with the Information Age. In our times the explosive expansion of Web 2.0 Social Space, typified by the phenomena of De.licio.us, Flickr, MySpace, YouTube…, and the concomitant emergence of folksonomy, present interesting challenges in the management of this information. One key process by which to accomplish this in Social Space, is the wedding of folksonomy (of the people) with ontology (of the machine). Such a wedding must necessarily be conducted in the shared physicality of the word, of language. In this respect, WordNet together with OWL, play the role of matchmaker. But the same Social Space also provides an opportunity for natural folksonomical tagging by digiFoto (key)image. The research harness for experimental keyimage tagging consists of Flickr as the main (digiFoto image) Social Space testbed and De.licio.us as the auxillary outreach secondary Social Space. Protégé Editor with OWL-DL provides the support for the bridge from keyimage to the formal ontology. The primary end user application domain is the keyimage tagging of paintings in an online art gallery.Görüntü Çağı, Bilgi Çağından önce gelir ve günümüzde Bilgi Çağıyla çağdaştır. De.licio.us, Flickr, MySpace, YouTube. . . gibi olgularla örneklenen Web 2.0 Sosyal Uzayının tahminlerin ötesinde büyümesi ve bununla birlikte ortaya çıkan etiketleme bilgi yönetiminde ilginç gelişmelere sahne olmaktadır. Sosyal Uzayda bilgi yönetimini başarmak (insanlar tarafından gerçekleştirilen) etiketleme ve (makineler tarafından gerçekleştirilen) ontolojinin birleştirilmesini gerektirmektedir. Böyle bir birleştirme mutlaka sözün ve dilin ortak fizikselliğiyle gerçekleştirilmelidir. Bu hususta Web Ontoloji Dili1 (OWL) ile WordNet çöpçatan rolü oynarlar. Öte yandan aynı Sosyal Uzay dijiFoto (anahtar) resimle doğal folksonomik işaretleme yapmak için de bir fırsat sağlar. Deneysel anahtar resim işaretlemesi yapmak için kullanılan araştırma araçları ana (dijiFoto görüntü) Sosyal Uzay sınama ortamı olan Flickr ile yardımcı ikincil Sosyal Uzay sınama ortamı olan De.licio.us’dan oluşmaktadır. OWL-DL (OWL Betimleme Mantığı) ile Protégé Editor anahtar resimden biçimsel (formal) ontolojiye köprü kurmak için destek sağlar. Başlıca son kullanıcı uygulama alanı bir çevrimiçi sanat galerisindeki tabloların anahtar resim işaretlemesidir

Possibilities For Conducting Treatment With Unauthorized Medicinal Products In Bulgaria

The regulation of drug use has been developing rapidly over the last 50 years, with an emphasis on the safety, quality and efficacy of medicinal products through the introduction of authorization procedures for a medicinal product;It has been established that there are a number of circumstances that require exceptions to the existing requirements for the use of only authorized drugs - pediatric and geriatric patients, highly resistant diseases, patients in the terminal phase and others.Similar situations are provided for in the Law on Medicinal Products in Human Medicine (LMPHM) - groups of drugs are defined that could be used without an authorization for use under strictly defined specific conditions;One of the most frequently used options is that for the treatment of a specific patient with a medicinal product not authorized in Bulgaria, as this is done according to Art. 266a of the LMPHM

Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf? Readers’ responses to experimental techniques of speech, thought and consciousness presentation in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse and Mrs Dalloway

Woolf’s work has been the object of several studies concerned with her experimental use of techniques of speech, thought and consciousness presentation. These investigated the way in which different perspectives coexist and alternate in her writing, suggesting that the use of such techniques often results in ambiguous perspective shifts. However, there is hardly any empirical evidence as to whether readers experience difficulty while reading her narratives as a result of these narrative techniques. This article examines empirically readers’ responses to extracts from Woolf’s two major novels – To the Lighthouse and Mrs Dalloway – to provide evidence to whether Woolf’s techniques for the presentation of characters’ voices, thoughts and perspectives represent a challenge for readers. To achieve this, a mixed-methods approach that combines a stylistic analysis with a detailed questionnaire has been employed. Selected extracts that were hypothesised to be complex due to the presence of free indirect style and/or interior monologue were modified by substituting these with less ambiguous modes of consciousness presentation, such as direct speech or direct thought. Readers’ responses to the modified and unmodified versions of the same extracts were compared: results show that the presence of free indirect style and/or interior monologue increases the number of perspectives identified by readers, suggesting that this technique increases the texts’ difficulty, laying a more solid ground for future investigations