107 research outputs found
Wegner estimate and level repulsion for Wigner random matrices
We consider Hermitian random matrices with independent
identically distributed entries (Wigner matrices). The matrices are normalized
so that the average spacing between consecutive eigenvalues is of order .
Under suitable assumptions on the distribution of the single matrix element, we
first prove that, away from the spectral edges, the empirical density of
eigenvalues concentrates around the Wigner semicircle law on energy scales
. This result establishes the semicircle law on the optimal
scale and it removes a logarithmic factor from our previous result \cite{ESY2}.
We then show a
Wegner estimate, i.e. that the averaged density of states is bounded.
Finally, we prove that the eigenvalues of a Wigner matrix repel each other, in
agreement with the universality conjecture.Comment: 35 pages, LateX fil
Changes in some factors of the innate immunity and serum zinc and iron concentrations in pigs following intravenous administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide
The changes in some factors of the innate immunity (phagocytosis, complement, lysozyme); haematological parameters - leukocytes, erythrocytes, differential white blood cell counts, haemoglobin, haematocrit and the serum concentrations of the microelements zinc and iron in six 2- to 3-months-old female piglets after the intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 were determined. It was found out that 1 h after the administration of lipopolysaccharide at the dosage rate of 10 µg/kg body weight resulted in a decrease in the phagocytic parameters, i.e. the phagocytic number and the index of phagocytic activity, which was followed by an increase in their values between post treatment hours 2 and 4. The leukocyte counts had decreased by hour 2 after the injection, but thereafter increased, and at post treatment hour 72, a leukocytosis was observed. The differential white blood cell counts were characterized by a shift to the left between hours 2 and 4 and a statistically significant increase in lymphocyte counts at hour 48 of the experiment. The serum zinc concentrations were increased an hour after the lipopolysaccharide application; after which their average values were lower. The haemolytic activities (CH₅₀) of the classical and the alternative pathways of complement activation decreased. The haemolytic activity (CH₅₀) for the classical pathway began to increase at hour 48 following the treatment. Significant changes were not observed in lysozyme activity, serum iron concentrations or the related haematological parameters (erythrocytes and haemoglobin).The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
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Symmetry in RLT cuts for the quadratic assignment and standard quadratic optimization problems
The reformulation-linearization technique (RLT), introduced in [W.P. Adams, H.D. Sher-ali, A tight linearization and an algorithm for zero-one quadratic programming problems, Management Science, 32(10):1274{1290, 1986], provides a way to compute linear program-ming bounds on the optimal values of NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper we show that, in the presence of suitable algebraic symmetry in the original problem data, it is sometimes possible to compute level two RLT bounds with additional linear matrix inequality constraints. As an illustration of our methodology, we compute the best-known bounds for certain graph partitioning problems on strongly regular graphs
The Boundary Convergence of the Steady Zero-Temperature-Driven Hard Spheres
We study the fundamental problem of two gas species in two dimensional
velocity space whose molecules collide as hard circles in the presence of a
flat boundary and with dependence on only one space dimension. The case of
three-dimensional velocity space is a generalization. More speciffically the
linear problem arising when the second gas dominates as a flow with constant
velocity (and hence zero temperature) is considered. The boundary condition
adopted consists of prescribing the outgoing velocity distribution at the wall.
It is discovered that the presence of the boundary under general assumptions on
the outgoing distribution ensures the convergence of a series of path integrals
and thus a convenient representation for the solution is obtained.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure
Global governance approaches to addressing illegal logging: Uptake and lessons learned
One of the most challenging tasks facing development agencies, trade ministries, environmental groups, social activists and forest-focused business interests seeking to ameliorate illegal logging and related timber trade is to identify and nurture promising global governance interventions capable of helping improve compliance to governmental policies and laws at national, subnational and local levels. This question is especially acute for developing countries constrained by capacity challenges and “weak states” (Risse, 2011). This chapter seeks to shed light on this task by asking four related questions: How do we understand the emergence of illegal logging as a matter of global interest? What are the types of global interventions designed to improve domestic legal compliance? How have individual states responded to these global efforts? What are the prospects for future impacts and evolution?
We proceed in the following steps. Following this introduction, step two reviews how the problem of “illegal logging” emerged on the international agenda. Step three reviews leading policy interventions that resulted from this policy framing. Step four reviews developments in selected countries/regions around the world according to their place on the global forest products supply chain: consumers (United States, Europe and Australia); middle of supply chain manufacturers (China and South Korea) and producers (Russia; Indonesia; Brazil and Peru; Ghana, Cameroon and the Republic of Congo). We conclude by reflecting on key trends that emerge from this review relevant for understanding the conditions through which legality might make a difference in addressing critical challenges
Europe’s wood supply in disruptive times. An evidence-based synthesis report.
In the face of climate change, geopolitical disruption, and current demographic developments, the future supply of wood from European forests has become a highly relevant topic of interest for many stakeholders. The urgency of this issue has unveiled itself in recent years more than ever before. It is indispensable that effective measures are implemented already now to respond to current and future changes.
However, to enable meaningful actions, a solid evidence base is crucial. Against this background, a group of internationally renowned experts from across a range of scientific backgrounds and disciplines carried out this comprehensive study titled ‘Europe’s wood supply in disruptive times’ in the framework of the science-business platform TEAMING UP 4 FORESTS. When analysing the existing scientific evidence and preparing this study, the authors were guided by the questions identified at Think Tank Meetings and a Stakeholder Dialogue convened by the platform. This study does not only illuminate individual aspects of the availability of wood but also provides an overall picture of multiple factors influencing wood supply and their complex interrelationships. Furthermore, the second part of this publication has a strong implementation-oriented focus which empowers stakeholders to truly put science into practice
NLO properties of new stryquinolinium dye thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition
International audienc
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