Optical properties of metal nanoparticles with arbitrary shapes

We have studied the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles with arbitrary shape. We performed theoretical calculations of the absorption, extinction and scattering efficiencies, which can be directly compared with experiments, using the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA). In this work, the main features in the optical spectra have been investigated depending of the geometry and size of the nanoparticles. The origin of the optical spectra are discussed in terms of the size, shape and material properties of each nanoparticle, showing that a nanoparticle can be distinguish by its optical signature.Comment: 19 pages + 8 figure

Review on Hypothetical Implementing TGF-β Family Members in Glaucoma Therapy

For quite some time, glaucoma has been regarded as more than just intraocular pressure [IOP] elevation. Significant contribution to this conceptual improvement has risen from a better understanding of ocular blood flow, vessel wall integrity and certain advanced ideas in neuroophthalmology, for example neuroprotection. Transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) molecule, its inhibitors and antagonists have been increasingly researched as possible new anti-glaucoma drugs for its many, pleiotropic, effects. Among those effects, enhancing fibrosis is one of the most apparent, but certain members of this cytokine’s superfamily act as anti-fibrotics. Recent scientific efforts strongly support pushing back the frontier of conventional medical treatment. Current medical approaches already use effects on blood flow and neuronal quiescence, with significant systemic side-effects. Endeavours on the ophthalmologic exploitation of selected, favourable effects of pleiotropic TGF-βs could promote TGF-β, its inhibitors or specific antibodies as new, ideal drugs in glaucoma therapy

Reaktionen mit N-(1- Benzotriazolylcarbonyl)-aminosauren.III Synthese von Aminosaure-estern

N-(l-Benzotriazolylcarbonyl)-aminosauren· (Ia-f) reagieren mit Alkoholen unter Abspaltung von Benzotriazol und Kohlendioxid zu den entsprechenden Aminosaure-Estern. (Ila-i). Die Reaktion verlauft bei Raumtemperatur und wird durch Zugabe von Triethylamin beschleunigt

Editorial: Social networks analyses in primates, a multilevel perspective

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Confirming Presence and Mobilization of Partner Quality Genes in Sinorhizobium meliloti

Mutualism is an interaction in which two organisms benefit from each other. The symbiotic relationship between the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti and the plant Medicago truncatula is dictated by the bacterial plasmids. The Heath lab has a collection of 191 Sinorhizobium meliloti strains with different symbiotic plasmids that vary across populations (Riley et al., 2022). Each strain can be a better or worse partner for its plant host in symbiosis with the variation in fitness being called partner quality (Fig. 1) These traits can be traced back to the genetic elements that underlie this effect (Batstone et al., These genetic elements can be found in gene clusters that are gained or loss across strains (Fig. 1; Riaz, Sosa Marquez, in prep.). We need assurances of these important and variable clusters presence to understand their mechanism of gene movemen

Diseño del manual de control de bienes de la unidad educativa del milenio Guano, perteneciente a la Dirección Distrital 06d05 Guano – Penipe provincia de Chimborazo

La Unidad Educativa del Milenio Guano no cuenta con una actualización interna de las depreciaciones, valor de deterioro y chatarrización bajo la normativa legal aplicable, ni existe codificación en los diferentes bienes que posee y no se realizan procedimientos para la venta, donaciones, baja y chatarrización de los bienes que no se encuentran en funcionamiento, por lo tanto, el objetivo de la investigación fue diseñar un manual para el control de bienes, mediante un análisis de los procesos internos que contribuyan al mejoramiento del control y uso de los bienes de la Unidad Educativa del Milenio Guano. La metodología empleada fue de enfoque mixto (cuantitativo - cualitativo); el nivel de la investigación fue descriptivo; se utilizó un diseño no experimental; el tipo de estudio fue documental y de campo para obtener información mediante métodos, técnicas e instrumentos, que fue la encuesta aplicada al personal que labora en la unidad educativa. Mediante la metodología aplicada se logró determinar que la Unidad Educativa del Milenio Guano no cuenta con un manual de control de bienes que garantice la eficiencia y eficacia de la administración, uso y control de aquellos bienes, tampoco existe ningún tipo de control y por último no se realiza un inventario físico de los bienes que posee la unidad educativa. Se concluye que la información recopilada mediante fuentes de información bibliográficas permitió adquirir un soporte teórico a la investigación logrando un conocimiento referente al control de bienes en el sector público, que proporcione seguridad y veracidad de la información a la unidad educativa"The Educational Unit of the Millennium Guano lacks an internal update on depreciations, impairment values, and scrapping under the applicable legal regulations. Additionally, there is no coding system for the different assets it possesses, and no procedures are in place for the sale, donation, disposal, or scrapping of assets that are no longer in use. Therefore, this research aimed to design a manual for asset control through an analysis of internal processes that contribute to the improvement of control and use of assets at the Educational Unit of the Millennium Guano. The methodology used was a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative). The research level was descriptive, employing a non-experimental design. The study type was documentary and field-based to gather information through methods, techniques, and instruments, with the survey applied to the personnel working at the educational unit. Through the applied methodology, it was determined that the Educational Unit of the Millennium Guano does not have an asset control manual to guarantee the efficiency and effectiveness of the administration, use, and control of those assets. Moreover, there is no type of control, and lastly, a physical inventory of the assets possessed by the educational unit is not conducted. Finally, the information gathered from bibliographic sources provided theoretical support to the research, achieving knowledge regarding asset control in the public sector, which provides security and accuracy of information to the educational uni

A multilevel statistical toolkit to study animal social networks : the Animal network toolkit Software (Ants) R package

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Diversity of respiratory viruses present in nasal swabs under influenza suspicion in respiratory disease cases of weaned pigs

Respiratory diseases in weaned pigs are a common problem, with a complex etiology involving both viruses and bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the presence of eleven viruses in nasal swabs, collected from nurseries (55 cases) under the suspicion of swine influenza A virus (swIAV) and submitted by swine veterinarians for diagnosis. The other ten viruses included in the study were influenza B (IBV) and D (IDV), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), 3 (PCV3) and 4 (PCV), Porcine parainfluenza 1 (PPIV1) and Swine orthopneumovirus (SOV). Twenty-six swIAV-positive cases and twenty-nine cases of swIAV-negative respiratory disease were primarily established. While IBV, IDV, PCV4 and PPIV1 were not found in any of the cases, PRCV, SOV, and PCMV were more likely to be found in swIAV-positive nurseries with respiratory disease (p < 0.05). Overall, PCV3, PRRSV, and PCMV were the most frequently detected agents at herd level. Taken individually, virus prevalence was: swIAV, 48.6%; PRCV, 48.0%; PRRSV, 31.6%; SOV, 33.8%; PCMV, 48.3%, PCV2, 36.0%; and PCV3, 33.0%. Moreover, low Ct values (<30) were common for all agents, except PCV2 and PCV3. When the correlation between pathogens was individually examined, the presence of PRRSV was negatively correlated with swIAV and PRCV, while was positively associated to PCMV (p < 0.05). Also, PRCV and SOV were positively correlated between them and negatively with PCMV. Besides, the analysis of suckling pig samples, collected in subclinically infected farrowing units under an influenza monitoring program, showed that circulation of PRCV, PCMV, SOV, and PCV3 started during the early weeks of life. Interestingly, in those subclinically infected units, none of the pathogens was found to be correlated to any other. Overall, our data may contribute to a better understanding of the complex etiology and epidemiology of respiratory diseases in weaners. This is the first report of SOV in Spain and shows, for the first time, the dynamics of this pathogen in swine farms.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio