Comparative study of dye-loaded liposome accumulation in sensitive and resistant human breast cancer cells

The aim of this research is to study the dynamics and efficiency of liposome accumulation in sensitive and resistant human breast cancer cells. Methods: Methods of fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence microspectroscopy and MTT-test have been used. Results: The liposome-to-cell interaction and dye cellular uptake in sensitive, cisplatin-resistant and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells have been analyzed using time changes in both fluorescence resonance energy transfer signal from the donor probe DiO to the acceptor one DiI preloaded in liposomes and cell image brightness. Conclusion: Obtained results show that resistant cells accumulate dye-loaded liposomes more effectively and reveal more effective dye molecule cellular uptake

The theory and direct observation of controlled (suppressed) spontaneous nuclear gamma-decay

The theory of controlling and changing the spontaneous nuclear gamma-decay is discussed. The phenomenon of nuclear decay controlling is a result of the interaction of radioactive nuclei with zero-energy electromagnetic modes, which in turn interact with distant controlling and controlled screen. It was shown that the decay parameters greatly depend on the sign and magnitude of the radiation shift (radiation correction) of the resonance level position. In the experiment we have discovered the change (increase) of radiative life-time of excited nucleus Co⁵⁷ (Fe⁵⁷*) (in relation to resonant Mossbauer gamma-channel of decay) by 10-40% and total life-time (including non-controlled non-Mossbauer radiation and non-controlled electron conversion channel of nucleus decay) by 1%

The bacterial sulfur cycle in expanding dysoxic and euxinic marine waters

Dysoxic marine waters (DMW, <1 M oxygen) are currently expanding in volume in the oceans, which has biogeochemical, ecological, and societal consequences on a global scale. In these environments, distinct bacteria drive an active sulfur cycle, which has only recently been recognized for openocean DMW. This review summarizes the current knowledge on these sulfurcycling bacteria. Critical bottlenecks and questions for future research are specifically addressed. Sulfatereducing bacteria (SRB) are core members of DMW. However, their roles are not entirely clear, and they remain largely uncultured. We found support for their remarkable diversity and taxonomic novelty by mining metagenomeassembled genomes from the Black Sea as model ecosystem. We highlight recent insights into the metabolism of key sulfuroxidizing SUP05 and Sulfurimonas bacteria, and discuss the probable involvement of uncultivated SAR324 and BSGSO2 bacteria in sulfur oxidation. Uncultivated Marinimicrobia bacteria with a presumed organoheterotrophic metabolism are abundant in DMW. Like SRB, they may use specific molybdoenzymes to conserve energy from the oxidation, reduction or disproportionation of sulfur cycle intermediates such as S0 and thiosulfate, produced from the oxidation of sulfide. However, this complex network of reactions is yet to be constrained quantitatively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.SIAM Gravitation grant 024.002.002 to AJMS and JSSD of the Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). BED and FABvM were supported by the NWO Vidi grant 864.14.004. BED was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator grant 865694: DiversiPHIinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Application of equilibrium binding model for analysis of conformational transitions in poly(rA)poly(rU) complexes with metal ions

Aim. The study is aimed at generalization of the previous experimental results on the metal ion (Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺) effects on conformation transitions in poly(rA)poly(rU). The objective was to find out how the type of a metal ion-polynucleotide complex influences the phase transitions and to estimate the constants (K) of ions binding to polymers of different structures. Methods. The K values were obtained upon theoretical and experimental transition temperature fitting by the least-square method with the root mean square deviation minimized through the procedure of the gradient descent in the multidimensional space. Results. Calculations of diagrams with Mg²⁺ are shown to permit obtaining satisfactory results if concentration-independent, mean values of constants are used. For Ni²⁺ and Cd²⁺ the concentration dependence of K must be taken into account, especially for high ion contents at which compaction of single-stranded poly(rA) emerges. It was revealed that the main factor responsible for the differences in diagrams with Ni²⁺ and Cd²⁺ is a significant distinction of their constants of binding to poly(rA) and poly(rU). Conclusions. The model theory of equilibrium binding is capable to describe adequately conformation transitions in polynucleotides in the presence of metal ions.Роботу присвячено узагальненню отриманих раніше експериментальних результатів щодо впливу іонів металів (Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺) на конформаційні переходи в poly(rA)poly(rU). Мета роботи полягала у з’ясуванні впливу типу комплексу іона металу з полінуклеотидом на вид фазового переходу і визначенні констант їхнього зв’язування (К) з полімерами різної структури. Методи. Величини К визначали підгонкою теоретично розрахованих значень температур переходів до експериментальних за методом найменших квадратів з мінімізацією середньоквадратичного відхилення методом градієнтного спуску в багатовимірному просторі. Результати. Розрахунки фазових діаграм за присутності іонів Mg²⁺ показали можливість одержання задовільних результатів при використанні постійних, незалежних від концентрації середніх значень констант. У разі Ni²⁺ і Cd²⁺ такі залежності мають бути враховані, особливо в межах великих концентрацій іонів, де відбувається компактизація однонитчастої poly(rA). Встановлено, що відмінність діаграм з Ni²⁺ і Cd²⁺ обумовлена значною різницею у їхніх константах зв’язування з poly(rA) та poly(rU). Висновки. Отримані результати свідчать про можливість успішного опису конформаційних переходів у полінуклеотидах за присутності іонів металів при використанні модельної теорії рівноважного зв’язування.Работа посвящена обобщению полученных ранее экспериментальных результатов по влиянию ионов металлов (Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺) на конформационные переходы в poly(rA)poly(rU). Цель работы – выяснить, как тип комплекса иона металла с полинуклеотидом влияет на вид фазового перехода, и определить константы связывания (К) ионов с полимерами различной структуры. Методы. Значения К определяли подгонкой теоретически вычисленных значений температур переходов к экспериментальным по методу наименьших квадратов с минимизацией среднеквадратичного отклонения методом градиентного спуска в многомерном пространстве. Результаты. Расчеты фазовых диаграмм в присутствии Mg²⁺ показали возможность получения удовлетворительных результатов при использовании постоянных, не зависящих от концентрации средних значений констант. В случае Ni²⁺ и Cd²⁺ эту зависимость нужно учитывать, особенно в области больших концентраций ионов, где происходит компактизация однонитчатой poly(rA). Установлено, что отличие в диаграммах с Ni²⁺ и Cd²⁺обусловлено существенным различием их констант связывания с poly(rA) и poly(rU). Выводы. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о возможности успешного описания конформационных переходов в полинуклеотидах в присутствии ионов металлов с помощью модельной теории равновесного связывания

Quartet unconstrained formulation for massless higher spin fields

We construct simple unconstrained Lagrangian formulations for massless higher spin fields in flat space of arbitrary dimension and on anti de Sitter background. Starting from the triplet equations of Francia and Sagnotti, which describe a chain of spin modes, we introduce an auxiliary field and find appropriate gauge invariant constraints that single out the spin-s mode. The resulting quartet of fields, thus describing an irreducible representation of the Poincare group, is used to construct simple Lagrangian formulations, which are local, free from higher derivative terms and use equal number of auxiliary fields for an unconstrained description of any value of spin. Our method proves to be most efficient for an unconstrained description of massless higher spin fermions in anti de Sitter space. A relation of the minimal models with the universal BRST approach is discussed.Comment: V4: 27 pages; references and acknowledgement adde

Lagrangian formulation of massive fermionic totally antisymmetric tensor field theory in AdS_d space

We apply the BRST approach, developed for higher spin field theories, to Lagrangian construction for totally antisymmetric massive fermionic fields in AdS_d space. As well as generic higher spin massive theories, the obtained Lagrangian theory is a reducible gauge model containing, besides the basic field, a number of auxiliary (Stuckelberg) fields and the order of reducibility grows with the value of the rank of the antisymmetric field. However, unlike the generic higher spin theory, for the special case under consideration we show that one can get rid of all the auxiliary fields and the final Lagrangian for fermionic antisymmetric field is formulated only in terms of basic field.Comment: 22 pages; v2: 1 footnote and 2 references adde

Europium coordination compounds based on carbacylamidophosphate ligands for metal-organic light-emitting diodes (MOLEDs)

In this work, the photo- and electroluminescence properties of new red phosphores based on europium complexes with carbacylamidophosphate (CAPh) ligands and additional aromatic ligands 1,10-phenantroline and 4,4'-bipyridine have been studied. Compounds Eu(L¹)₃(phen) (1), Eu(L²)₃(phen) (2), Eu2(L¹)₆(i-prOH)²(4,4'-bipy) (3) and Eu²(L²)₆(H2O)²(4,4'-bipy) (4), where HL – 2,2,2-trichloro-N-(dipiperidin-1-ylphosphoryl) acetamide, HL² – 2,2,2-trichloro-N-(dimorpholin-1-ylphosphoryl)acetamide, were synthesized. Technology of europium complexes coating from solutions with different concentrations in different solvents has been developed. Experimental samples of light-emitting planar heterostructures were fabricated using the device architecture comprising an anode (ITO), a hole transport layer of 1,4- Bis(diphenylamino)benzene (BDB), a layer of complex and a cathode (Al or Mg). Another heterostructure configuration with a hole-transport layer of poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has also been investigated. The different types of planar heterostructures were prepared, and their current-voltage characteristics have been discussed

Manganese Content Control in Weld Metal During MAG Welding

The influence of the welding current and method of gas shielding in MAG welding on the content of manganese is considered in the paper. Results of study of the welded specimens of steels 45 when applying welding wire of different formulas and different types of gas shielding (traditional shielding and double-jet shielding) are given. It is found that in MAG welding the value of the welding current and the speed of the gas flow from the welding nozzle have a considerable impact on the chemical composition of the weld metal. The consumable electrode welding under double-jet gas shielding provides the directed gas-dynamics in the welding area and enables controlling the electrode metal transfer and the chemical composition of a weld

Gauge invariant Lagrangian construction for massive bosonic higher spin fields in D dimentions

We develop the BRST approach to Lagrangian formulation for massive higher integer spin fields on a flat space-time of arbitrary dimension. General procedure of gauge invariant Lagrangian construction describing the dynamics of massive bosonic field with any spin is given. No off-shell constraints on the fields (like tracelessness) and the gauge parameters are imposed. The procedure is based on construction of new representation for the closed algebra generated by the constraints defining an irreducible massive bosonic representation of the Poincare group. We also construct Lagrangian describing propagation of all massive bosonic fields simultaneously. As an example of the general procedure, we derive the Lagrangians for spin-1, spin-2 and spin-3 fields containing total set of auxiliary fields and gauge symmetries of free massive bosonic higher spin field theory.Comment: 27 page

BRST approach to Lagrangian construction for fermionic higher spin fields in AdS space

We develop a general gauge invariant Lagrangian construction for half-integer higher spin fields in the AdS space of any dimension. Starting with formulation in terms of auxiliary Fock space we derive the closed nonlinear symmetry algebras of higher spin fermionic fields in the AdS space and find the corresponding BRST operator. A universal procedure of constructing the gauge invariant Lagrangians describing the dynamics of fermionic fields of any spin is developed. No off-shell constraints for the fields and gauge parameters are imposed from the very beginning. It is shown that all the constraints determining the irreducible representation of the AdS group arise as a consequence of the equations of motion and gauge transformations. As an example of the general procedure, we derive the gauge invariant Lagrangians for massive fermionic fields of spin 1/2 and 3/2 containing the total set of auxiliary fields and gauge symmetries.Comment: Minor changes. Version accepted for publication in NP