Silsilah Dan Perkembangan Kerajaan Kutai Kartanegara (1300-1732)

The Kutai Kartanegara kingdom was originally located in Jaitan Layar, Kutai Lama village, Anggana District, the founding of the Kutai Kartanegara kingdom in 1300 AD, the first king of the Kutai Kartanegara kingdom was Aji Batara Agung Dewa Sakti, during the time of the first king the kingdom of the Kutai Kartanegara Kingdom began to be heard by outsiders , because he often visits Majapahit. Judging from its history, there are many factors that led to the establishment and development of the Kutai Kartanegara kingdom that cannot be explained clearly and scientifically. This research answers the problem formulation of the genealogy of the Kutai kingdom and how it developed. This study used descriptive qualitative method. This method is a research method that utilizes qualitative data and is described descriptively. This type of qualitative descriptive data analysis is often used to analyze social events, phenomena and situations. The results of this research explain the birth of the Kutai Kartanegara kingdom, the development of the Kutai Kartanegara kingdom, starting from Aji Batara Agung Dewa Sakti to Aji Pangeran Dipati Anum and explain things that happened during the reign of the Kutai Kartanegara kings

Algoritma Persaingan Imperialis Sebagai Optimasi Kontroler PID dan ANFIS Pada Mesin Sinkron Magnet Permanen (Imperialist Competitive Algorithm As PID Optimization and ANFIS Controller at Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine)

Permanent Magnet Syschronous Machine (PMSM) has low torque, so good control is needed to be stable quickly. PMSM uses the principle of faraday experiments which is rotating a magnet in a coil or vice versa. When a magnet moves in a coil, there is a change in magnetic flux in the coil and penetrates perpendicular to the coil so that there is a potential difference between the ends of the coil, regarding this due to changes in magnetic flux. Magnetic flux can be changed by moving a magnet in a coil or vice versa by utilizing other energy sources. To get a good optimization result, the right control constants are needed. So that the best output is obtained. To get the right constants, a suitable and good method is needed, including using artificial intelligence. In this study using the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) method. From the simulation results it was found that the best controller design in this study was ANFIS-ICA with the best profile, torque profile, voltage profile, and rotation profile. The largest current is 2.45 A, the smallest overshot torque is 0.48 pu, the largest voltage frequency is 9.84 khz, and the best rotation (close to the reference) is 700.02 rpm. The results of this study will be continued with the use of other artificial intelligence