Squamous cell carcinoma of the dorsal hands and feet after repeated exposure to ultraviolet nail lamps

Gel nails are a common artificial nail option. Ultraviolet (UV) nail lamps are commonly used to cure gel nails. Ultraviolet A radiation is a known mutagen that penetrates into the nail bed. Although previously reported, the role of UV nail lamps in the carcinogenesis of both keratinocyte carcinoma and melanoma remains controversial. Herein, we report a patient taking the photosensitizing agent hydrochlorothiazide who developed numerous squamous cell carcinomas on the dorsal hands and feet with a 10-year history of UV nail light exposure every 2-3 weeks

Sauwohl im Freiland

Mit ihren geringen Investitionskosten bietet sich die Freilandhaltung dazu an, einen Sauenbestand schnell und kostengünstig aufzubauen. Die Tiere leben ganzjährig unter freiem Himmel auf unbefestigtem Boden, Hütten bieten Schutz vor Regen und Kälte. Die Flächen werden in die Fruchtfolge des Betriebs einbezogen. Da externe Faktoren wie Klima und Witterung eine große Rolle spielen, erfordert diese Art der Haltung allerdings einiges an Können und Erfahrung und die Bereitschaft, ganzjährig im Freien mit den Tieren zu arbeiten

The Mixed Epidermal Cell-Lymphocyte Reaction. II. Epidermal Langerhans Cells Are Responsible for the Enhanced Allogeneic Lymphocyte-Stimulating Capacity of Normal Human Epidermal Cell Suspensions

Earlier studies carried out in our laboratory which demonstrated that disaggregated human epidermal cells isolated from normal flexor forearm skin produced a greater degree of primary allogeneic lymphocyte blastogenic response than did autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells have since been confirmed by others. We have now completed a series of additional studies designed to determine the basis for this difference. Blocking studies with anti-HLA-DR antibodies revealed that the allogeneic response triggered by epidermal cells was completely dependent on the presence of unbound HLA-DR molecules eliminating the possibility that nonspecific mitogenic effects produced by the epidermal cell suspension might be responsible for the difference. In addition we were unable to demonstrate that epidermal keratinocytes were supplying a nonspecific helper or growth-promoting effect to the interaction between stimulating HLA-DR bearing Langerhans cells and responding T lymphocytes. Since it has recently been suggested that the entire alloantigen-presenting capacity of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be attributed to a small population of HLA-DR antigen-bearing dendritic cells, we have considered the possibility that the greater degree of allogeneic lymphocyte response produced by epidermal cells could be due to the presence of a greater percentage of HLA-DR positive dendritic cells present in epidermal cell suspensions (i.e., Langerhans cells). Peripheral blood dendritic cell-enriched fractions and epidermal cell suspensions that contained similar percentages of dendritic cells produced equivalent amounts of allogeneic lymphocyte stimulation, whereas peripheral blood dendritic cell-enriched fractions that contained greater percentages of dendritic cells than were present in epidermal cell suspensions produced greater amounts of allogeneic stimulation. We therefore conclude that the enhanced mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulating capacity of human epidermal cell suspension could be explained by the fact that epidermal cell suspensions contain a greater percentage of HLA-DR bearing alloantigen-presenting dendritic cells than do unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cell suspensions

Accelerating expansion

This article considers the state of the RNA field and how it has progressed over a time span of decades

Are there big differences among beta-blockers in treating essential hypertension?

Yes, a number of beta-blockers are effective in lowering blood pressure (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, multiple, consistent randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). Cardioselective beta-blockers do not alter lung function studies for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COP D) or reversible airway disease (SOR: A, meta-analysis of RCTs). Propranolol and timolol have greater risks of causing fatigue as a side effect (SOR: A, meta- analysis of RCTs). Recent meta-analyses have stirred debate on the effectiveness of the agents in preventing adverse outcomes. The level of evidence has reached the point where the practice of using beta-blockers as monotherapy should be questioned (SOR : C, expert opinion)

Are oral agents effective for the treatment of verruca vulgaris?

Of the available oral therapies for common warts, none has sufficient evidence to recommend it as an effective therapy (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B). To date, no oral agent has been shown to be effective in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial. Very limited evidence is emerging that zinc may be effective (SOR: C)

The Joint Hindu Family: Its Evolution as a Legal Institution.

The institution is based on the concept that a nucleus of ancestral property and accretions to it do not exclusively belong to one person, but form the basis for the spiritual and economical welfare of family members normally within a circle of three generations. In traditional belief even past and future generations have an "interest" in the property of those who enjoy the property for the present. This concept was based on patriliny. Patriarchy existed but did not develop into the strict Roman patria potestas. It rather served to emphasize the rights of the father in the face of premature assumption of powers by the son. The core of the institution is the relationship between father and son. The son is the father reborn and inherits not only rights to enjoy property, but also responsibilities towards all family members. The admixture of customary law in the Dharmasastras brought modifications and accretion of rules. Thus the value of ancestral land furthered the rights of the son. Rights of females in property competed with the view that women should be only maintained which includes marriage expenses. The customary elementary family with community of ownership between husband and wife occurs in sastric texts but recedes in the face of the pivotal relationship of father and son which constitutes a kind of "trust". After the death of the common ancestor the law always anticipated partition and formation of new smaller joint families unless brothers remained joint out of convenience or necessity. In Anglo-Hindu law the traditional institution may have suffered from over-specialisation of rules, deficient selection or application of sastric material, and conflicting decisions. But judge-made law has essentially supported greater individuality without destroying basic jointness and has in fact supported the preservation of the joint family. Even legislation has not abrogated the basic jointness between agnates and especially between father and son. This process represents an example of the adaptation of a traditional legal institution to modern demands

RNAi: RISC Gets Loaded

When an siRNA or miRNA proceeds through the RNA-induced silencing complex assembly pathway, only one of the two ∼21-nucleotide RNA strands survives in the final, active complex. In this issue of Cell, Matranga et al. (2005) and Rand et al. (2005) reveal the fate of the rejected passenger siRNA strand. Additionally, Gregory et al. (2005) define a heterotrimeric complex from humans that appears to execute dsRNA loading, strand selection, and target mRNA cleavage activities

Amyopathic Dermatomyositis: A Review

Jim Gilliam's research interests throughout his career were forced upon better defining the relationships that exist between the cutaneous and systemic manifestations of the rheumatic diseases. Although the majority of his time was spent studying such relationships in lupus erythematosus patients, he was also intensely interested in dermatomyositis (DM) in this regard as well. He was particularly intrigued with the dissociation of the cutaneous and muscular manifestations of this disorder that occasionally occurs. The term ''dermatomyositis sine myositis'' has been used in the past to describe patients who present with only the cutaneous manifestations of DM; however, very little published data is available from systematic examinations of such patients. For several reasons, we have preferred the term ''amyopathic dermatomyositis" to describe that rare patient who for long periods of time suffers from the classical skin lesions of DM as the only clinically significant manifestation of their disease. In this presentation, we review our own personal experience with a group of six such patients and compare and contrast it to that of other workers who have dealt with this subject over the past two decades