The Performance Comparison of SC-PPM Receiver Models

Visible light communication (VLC) technology has arisen as promising candidate to solve the critical challenges of wireless communication networks. In particular, the evolving explosion in use of internet services requiring high bandwidth will soon become a great potential problem among the service provider. Meanwhile, this paper describes a physical layer solution to provide data transmission in the VLC networks. In the paper, it is aim to examine the performance comparison of SC-PPM (Subcarrier Pulse Position Modulation) demodulator schemes. It is considered three receiver techniques to assemble the demodulator techniques to SC-PPM receiver system. Firstly, the traditional PPM (T-PPM) demodulator has been applied on the SC-4PPM receiver system to estimate the slot that includes high frequency signal that is referred to as subcarrier signal. To successfully detect the bits by using traditional PPM receiver, it must be known the dimming level of received SC-4PPM signal. This is a serious problem to ensure data transmission in the real-time VLC systems due to challenge of providing the variable dimming level knowledge at the receiver side. In another receiver model that is referred to as PD (Peak Detector), it is aim to detect peak values of slot with high frequency signal. The disadvantage of this system is that BER (Bit Error Rate) performance depends the difference between peak and bottom values of subcarrier filled slot. Hence, second method is improved to achieve the similar BER performance at all dimming levels between 12.5% and 87.5%. This receiver model is called as IPD in the paper. In brief, it is reported for the first time, it has been employed the PD and the IPD algorithms for the SC-PPM receiver schemes. In addition to this, it is given a theoretical framework for both the traditional PPM and the improved receiver schemes in VLC-SC-PPM schemes. Moreover, it has been investigated how the SC-PPM receiver schemes are affected by brightness level

A Sufficient condition for compactness of Hankel operators

Let $\Omega$ be a bounded convex domain in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$. We show that if $\varphi \in C^{1}(\overline{\Omega})$ is holomorphic along analytic varieties in $b\Omega$, then $H^{q}_{\varphi}$, the Hankel operator with symbol $\varphi$, is compact. We have shown the converse earlier, so that we obtain a characterization of compactness of these operators in terms of the behavior of the symbol relative to analytic structure in the boundary. A corollary is that Toeplitz operators with these symbols are Fredholm (of index zero).Comment: 10 pages, to appear in J. Operator Theory, minor change

The Feeling of Alienation in the Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri

Alienation is an unavoidable aspect of modern life Nevertheless it is as old as human beings themselves The analysis of the interaction between the two sides the oppressors - the oppressed thesis-antithesis sheds lights on the emergence of alienation and the ways it exists The outhors most of whom have experienced the feelings of alienation in the consequence of their culture having been colonized try to explain this relationship through novels and short stories A daughter of an immigrant couple Jhumpa Lahiri is one of these postcolonial writers who have been torn between the two cultures The Namesake her first novel skillfully reflects the situation of the diaspora and the feeling of alienation through its Bengali immigrant couple and their son Gogol Lahiri lays down certain types of alienation through her characters lives adventures Characters from The Namesake show some certain symptoms of having experienced the feeling of alienation in various form Considering the postcolonial theory the main interest of this article is to examine the theme of alienation and how it is manifested itself in Jhumpa Lahiri s The Namesake in the light of Fichte Hegel Feuerbach Marx Kierkegaard Nietzsche Sartre Albert Camus and M Seeman s approaches to the term of alienatio

Clinicopathological Evaluation of Clear Cell Hidradenoma (Acrospiroma) Within Multiple Tumor Complex in a Dog

Background: Clear cell hidradenoma (acrospiroma) is adnexal tumors that arise from the distal excretory duct of eccrine sweat glands. It is generally defined in humanbeings. It presents solitary structure in firmness nodule. Most frequently are encountered in head, face, and upper extremities in humans. Hidradenomas are called generally by definition benign. Their malignant transformations and metastasis are seen very rarely. In veterinary literature database, the malignant form of tumor has been defined as an unique report in four dogs. They are extremely rare tumors in dogs. It is not documented within multiple tumor complex up to now.Case: In the case, three tumors were detected in a 9-year-old neutered female German shepherd dog. After clinical examination, a complete surgical resection of all masses was performed and masses were sent to Pathology for diagnosis. A mass on the right last rib was a 8x6 cm in diameters with severe ulceration. The mass had a hard texture, immobility and irregular borders. Other masses were localized on the back and left caudo-abdominal mammary lobe. Tumors on the back and the mammary lobe did not invade muscle layer, but the tumor on the last rib aggressively invaded surrounding tissue and were very difficult to remove surgically After macroscopy, all the masses were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Mayer’s mucicarmine and Periodic Acid Shiff (PAS) stainings. In the first mass, there were multilobular epithelial islands between prominent fibrous septa from the upper to deep of dermis. The neoplastic cells were generally round or polyhedral in shape. Some of cytoplasms were eosinophilic at different degree. But cytoplasms were generally finely granular and vesicular or clear in appearance. Some cells had possible glycogen deposits. Nucleus was oval to round and had fine reticular chromatin and a distinct nucleolus. The tumor was diagnosed as clear cell hidradenoma. Others were was belonged to hemangioma on the back and malignant mixed tumor in the mammary gland.Discussion: In our case, two cell types having benign characteristics were also noted. Some clear cells contained PAS (+) material showing glycogen deposits. Additionally, there were some fibrous septa separating those cell islands. Thus, it is thought that the histopathology shows parallelism to many reports described in human beigns. Clear cell hidradenoma described in this case is first documentation as benign counterpart on the basis of veterinary literatures even though a previous report including clear cell hidradenocarcinoma in four dogs. And also, it has been reported to be very rarely seen tumor in human beings. However, any hormonies in terms of its predilection site can not be found among the cases with clear cell hidradenoma in human counterparts, because the tumor is encountered at skin of last right rib. This situation has shown us the tumor does not select any predilection site as described in this case. It has been understood on the basis of literatures that this is the first case report of describing benign tumor of ecrine sweat duct in dogs. Also, there has been no any documentation regarding in this multiple tumor comple

The Benign Renal Masses that Were Exposed after Nephron-Sparing Surgery: “Postsurgical Fatty Tumor.” Is It Related to the Surgical Technique?

After nephron-sparing surgery (NSS), postsurgical fatty tumor could be mistakenly reported as angiomyolipoma during radiologic imaging of some patients. In the present paper, we studied the postsurgical fatty tumor detected after NSS but not covered before in the literature. In addition, we also evaluated whether the postsurgical fatty tumor was related to the surgical technique employed. Patients admitted to the urology department of our university hospital from 2014 to 2019 and operated with open NSS were evaluated retrospectively. We detected those 156 patients were operated with NSS. Nine patients with angiomyolipoma as primary pathology and four patients with surgical border positivity were excluded from the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on the repair of tumor extraction region. In Group 1, fatty tissue was used for repair, and Group 2 is the primary repair group. In all, 143 patients (Group 1 = 79, and Group 2 = 64) were included in the study. No demographic and radiologic differences, such as number of patients, age, gender, positioning of tumor, mass localization, tumor diameter, and RENAL nephrometry scoring system, were detected between the two groups. Postsurgical fatty tumors were detected in 28 patients in Group 1 and in two patients in Group 2 (P < 0.001). In patients with negative surgical margins after partial nephrectomy, lesions that were radiologically detected mimicking as angiomyolipoma were defined as “postsurgical fatty tumor.” This mass containing adipose tissue only neither depicted vascularization and enhancement nor increase in size for at least 1 year. We assumed that these lesions must be followed as benign lesions not requiring additional treatment

Dilemma in predicting the infarct-related artery in acute inferior myocardial infarction: A case report and review of the literature

The electrocardiogram (ECG) has being used for decades as a reliable and inexpensive tool to diagnose acute myocardial infarction (AMI). ECG diagnosis of an occluded coronary artery is of the utmost importance. We present the case of a 46 year-old man admitted to our hospital for inferior AMI. The ECG findings suggested right coronary artery occlusion. Coronary angiography showed left circumflex artery occlusion. We also briefly review the literature. (Cardiol J 2011; 18, 2: 204-206