ESCAPE: Environmental Sampling Campaigns for Aerosols and Precursor GasEs

Registration of the intellectual property (of a software)[Abstract] Software to manage sampling campaigns on atmospheric aerosol in a comprehensive way: call and agreements on the campaigns, data upload and intra‐ and inter‐campaign data analysis, including those regarding not only with particles but also with precursor gases (i.e., processes of formation of new particles), and related calculations (e.g., radiative forcing of aerosols

Skill assessment of a seasonal forecast model to predict drought events for water resource systems

[EN] Droughts cause signi¿cant socio-economic and environmental impacts, so it has become an extremely importantelement in decision-making within water resource systems. For this reason, the research in this ¿eld has in-creased considerably over the last few decades. In order to be capable of making early decisions and reducingdrought impacts, it is necessary to predict the occurrence of such events months or even years in advance. In thissense, various methods have been used to predict the occurrence of droughts. At present, seasonal forecast datacan be used to forecast meteorological, hydrological, agricultural and operational droughts. However, the sea-sonal forecast data of these dynamical ocean-atmosphere coupled models must be analyzed in an exhaustiveway, since it is known that these models may not adequately represent the climatic variability at river basinscale. Hence, this paper presents a new methodology for assessing the skill of a climate forecasting system inorder to predict the occurrence of droughts by using contingency tables. The indices obtained from the con-tingency tables are necessary to perform the analysis of the predictive ability of the model in a semi-distributedway. All this taking into account the intensity of droughts using di¿erent scenarios based on the threshold belowwhich it is considered to be in drought. Finally, a single value is obtained to determine the predictive ability ofthe forecasting model for the entire basin. The proposed methodology is applied to the Júcar river basin in Spain.It has been found that the analyzed forecast model shows better results than those obtained using an auto-regressive model. Further work is needed to enhance climate forecasting from the perspective of water resourcesmanagement, however, it should be mentioned that this type of data could be used for drought forecasting,allowing possible mitigation measures.The authors thank the Spanish Research Agency (MINECO) for the financial support to ERAS project (CTM2016-77804-P, including EU-FEDER funds). Additionally, we also value the support provided by the European Community's in financing the projects SWICCA (ECMRWF-Copernicus-FA 2015/ C3S_441-LOT1/SMHI) and IMPREX (H2020-WATER-2014-2015, 641811).Madrigal-Barrera, JJ.; Solera Solera, A.; Suárez-Almiñana, S.; Paredes Arquiola, J.; Andreu Álvarez, J.; Sanchez Quispe, ST. (2018). Skill assessment of a seasonal forecast model to predict drought events for water resource systems. Journal of Hydrology. 564:574-587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.07.04657458756

SCALA: Sampling Campaigns for Aerosols in the Low Atmosphere

Registration of the intellectual property (of a software)[Abstract]: Software to manage sampling campaigns on atmospheric aerosol in a comprehensive way: call and agreements on the campaigns, data upload and intra‐ and inter‐campaign data analysis

Use of TikTok: A Quasi-Experimental Study for the Transformation of Sexist Attitudes in Adolescents

Sexist attitudes in the educative environment are present more usually on a daily basis, and nowaday with the social media they spread widely; nevertheless, it is also possible to perform preventive actions through them. Thus, the current research aim is to determine that the application of the formative program Tik Tok decrease the sexist attitudes among the students of the Educative Unit, Ecuador 2023. The study is applied, with a quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental design; in the sample 60 students participated and they were divided into two groups, 30 students in the control group and 30 students in the experimental group, to this last one a pre-test and a post-test was applied as an instrument which was addapted from Bonilla, et al (2022) about sexist attitudes and the survey technique. With the purpose to accomplish the study aim a program was design in TikTok with 16 sessions in order to treat with sexist, benevolent and hostile attitudes. At the moment of verifying the outcomes of the general hypothesis, an improvement against sexist attitudes were evidenced in both groups. The analysis showed a T-Student value of ρ = 0.00 (ρ < 0.01), demonstrating that the TikTok formative program has performed a fundamental role in the notorious improvement of these attitudes

Web Application for Atmospheric Aerosol Data Management: Software and Case Study in the Spanish Network on Environmental Differential Mobility Analysers

[Abstract] SCALA© (Sampling Campaigns for Aerosols in the Low Atmosphere) is a web-based software system that was developed in a multidisciplinary manner to integrally support the documentation and the management and analysis of atmospheric aerosol data from sampling campaigns. The software development process applied considered the prototyping and the evolutionary approaches. The software product (SCALA©) allows for the comprehensive management of the sampling campaigns’ life cycle (management of the profiles and processes involved in the start-up, development and closure of a campaign) and provides support for both intra- and inter-campaigns data analysis. The pilot deployment of SCALA© considers the Spanish Network on Environmental Differential Mobility Analysers (DMAs) (REDMAAS) and the PROACLIM project. This research project involves, among other objectives, the study of temporal and spatial variations of the atmospheric aerosol through a set of microphysical properties (size distribution, optical properties, hygroscopicity, etc.) measured in several locations in Spain. The main conclusions regarding size distribution are presented in this work. These have been have been extracted through SCALA© from the data collected in the REDMAAS 2015 and 2019 intercomparison campaigns and two years (2015 and 2016) of measurements with two Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers (SMPS) at CIEMAT (Madrid, central Spain) and UDC (A Coruña, NW of Spain) sites.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; CGL2014-52877-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad; CGL2017-85344-RXunta de Galicia; GRC2013-047Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2017/28Gobierno Regional de Madrid; Y2018/EMT-517

Epidemiología y pronóstico de los pacientes con VIH ingresados en la UCI en la era de tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad actual

Observational study[Abstract] Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of critical disease in HIV-infected patients during the current highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and to identify hospital mortality predictors. Methods: A longitudinal, retrospective observational study was made of HIV-infected adults admitted to the ICU in two Spanish hospitals between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2014. Demographic and HIV-related variables were analyzed, together with comorbidities, severity scores, reasons for admission and need for organ support. The chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables, while continuous variables were contrasted with the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test or Kruskal-Wallis test, assuming an alpha level=0.05. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios for assessing correlations to mortality during hospital stay. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to study mortality trends over time. Results: A total of 283 episodes were included for analyses. Hospital mortality was 32.9% (95%CI: 21.2-38.5). Only admission from a site other than the Emergency Care Department (OR 3.64, 95%CI: 1.30-10.20; p=0.01), moderate-severe liver disease (OR 5.65, 95%CI: 1.11-28.87; p=0.04) and the APACHE II score (OR 1.14, 95%CI: 1.04-1.26; p<0.01) and SOFA score at 72h (OR 1.19, 95%CI: 1.02-1.40; p=0.03) maintained a statistically significant relationship with hospital mortality. Conclusions: Delayed ICU admission, comorbidities and the severity of critical illness determine the prognosis of HIV-infected patients admitted to the ICU. Based on these data, HIV-infected patients should receive the same level of care as non-HIV-infected patients, regardless of their immunological or nutritional condition.[Resumen] Objetivos. Describir la epidemiología de la patología crítica en el paciente infectado por VIH durante la era de tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad actual y encontrar predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria. Métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y longitudinal que incluye pacientes infectados por VIH adultos ingresados en las UCI de hospitales de Galicia, entre el 1 de enero de 2000 y el 31 de diciembre de 2014. Analizamos variables demográficas y relacionadas con la infección por el VIH, comorbilidades, puntuaciones de gravedad, motivo de ingreso y necesidad de soporte de órganos. Empleamos la prueba de la Chi-cuadrado para comparar las variables categóricas y las pruebas de la T-Student, U de Mann-Whitney o H de Kruskal-Wallis para las variables continuas, asumiendo un error α = 0,05. Utilizamos la regresión logística multivariante para calcular la OR de la asociación con la mortalidad hospitalaria. Aplicamos análisis de regresión de joinpoint para estudiar la tendencia temporal de mortalidad. Resultados. Incluimos 283 episodios. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 32,9% (IC 95% = 21,2-38,5%). El ingreso no procedente de Urgencias (OR 3,64; IC 95% = 1,30-10,20; p = 0,01), la enfermedad hepática moderada-grave (OR 5,65; IC 95% = 1,11-28,87; p = 0,04), el APACHE II (OR 1,14; IC 95% = 1,04-1,26; p < 0,01) y el SOFA a las 72 h (OR 1,19; IC 95% = 1,02-1,40; p = 0,03) se relacionan con la mortalidad hospitalaria en el análisis multivariante. Conclusiones. El retraso en el ingreso en UCI, las comorbilidades y la gravedad del episodio determinan el pronóstico del paciente infectado por VIH ingresado en UCI. Los pacientes con VIH deberían recibir el mismo nivel de cuidados que los pacientes no infectados por VIH, independientemente de su estado inmunológico o nutricional

Bioética, principios y dilemas éticos en Odontología

Bioethics arises from the need to respond and try to solve the major conflicts that arise in society. Bioethics is a modern term that is attributed paternity Van Rensselaer Potter (1970) by publishing the article “Bioethics, the science of survival,” Potter establishes the existence of a close relationship between the world of life sciences, his deeds and ethical values, bioethics subsequently primarily it related to medical ethics. Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress published “Principles of biomedical ethics” 1979, being considered a classic text in biomedical ethics, in which four bioethical principles states: autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice. Analysis and bioethical reflection are essential in the practice of the dentist, this will allow a clinical practice based on values, which would involve all health personnel, guiding strategies to address adequately the ethical dilemmas that may arise during the patient care process. Finally dental practice requires a higher professional level values.La bioética surge por la necesidad de responder y tratar de solucionar los grandes conflictos que se presentan en la sociedad. La Bioética es un término moderno que se le atribuye la paternidad a Van Rensselaer Potter (1970) al publicar el artículo “Bioethics, the science of survival”, Potter establece la existencia de una estrecha relación entre el mundo de las ciencias de la vida, sus hechos y los valores éti-cos, posteriormente la bioética se relacionó fundamentalmente con la ética médica. Tom L. Beauchamp y James F. Childress publican los “Principios de ética biomédica” el año 1979, siendo considerado un texto clásico en la ética biomédica, en la que se establece cuatro principios bioéticos: la autonomía, no maleficencia, beneficencia y justicia. El análisis y la reflexión bioética son esenciales en el ejercicio profesional del odontólogo, esto permitirá una práctica clínica basado en los valores, que involucrara a todo el personal de salud, orientando las estrategias que permitan afrontar de manera adecuada los dilemas éticos que puedan surgir durante el proceso de atención al paciente. Finalmente, la práctica de odontología requiere de profesionales de un grado más alto en valores

Inmunodominancia del epítope “a”de las fimbrias K88

Escherichia coli strain showing K88 fimbria provoke the highest number of coli infections in newborn piglets around the world. Three serologically different K88 fimbria have been identified: K88ab, K88ac and K88 ad. Letter “a” refers to common epitopes carried by every serotype, while “b”, “c”, and “d” refer to epitopes having a specific serotype. Several monoclonal antibodies mostly joining to conformational epitopes present in region “a” from K88 fimbria were obtained. No matter the different conditions used for immunization, “a” continued being immunodomi- nant. Antibodies obtained from this region showed two different epitopes at least. The monoclonal antibodies could be used designing diagnosis systems.Las cepas de Escherichia coli enterotoxigénicas (ECET) que expresan la fimbria K88 son las que con mayor fre- cuencia mundial causan colibacilosis en cerdos neonatos. Se han identificado tres tipos de fimbrias K88 serológica- mente diferentes: K88ab, K88ac y K88ad. La designación “a” se refiere a epítopes comunes portados por todos los serotipos, mientras las denominaciones “b”, “c” y “d” se refieren a epítopes serotipo específicos. En este trabajo se expone la obtención de varios anticuerpos monoclonales que se unen mayoritariamente a epítopes conformacionales presentes en la región “a” de la fimbria K88. Esta región fue inmunodominante a pesar de las diferentes condiciones de inmunización usadas. Los anticuerpos obtenidos reconocen en la región ”a”, al menos dos epítopes diferentes. Los anticuerpos monoclonales generados pudieran ser empleados para el diseño de sistemas de diagnóstico

Embriopatía diabética en ratas y efecto de un suplemento nutricional de vitamina E durante la gestación

RESUMEN Introducción: en modelos experimentales se han obtenido resultados prometedores con el empleo de suplementos antioxidantes en la prevención de la embriopatía diabética. Sin embargo, no siempre el beneficio es claro y queda por aclarar el mecanismo que subyace en esos resultados. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la suplementación nutricional con Vitamina E durante la gestación en la descendencia de ratas diabéticas. Materiales y Métodos: se emplearon ratas con diabetes inducida por estreptozotocina y ratas sanas como controles. Durante la gestación, un grupo de ratas diabéticas y uno de controles recibieron 150 mg/kg/día de vitamina E y los otros grupos el vehículo, hasta el día 11,5 en el que se practicó eutanasia. Se realizó el análisis morfológico de la descendencia y la determinación del contenido de ADN, proteínas y marcadores de estrés oxidativo en embriones. Para el análisis estadístico se emplearon pruebas no paramétricas y las diferencias se consideraron significativas con p &lt; 0,05. Resultados: en las ratas diabéticas tratadas con Vitamina E se observó menor número de reabsorciones y los embriones tuvieron mayor talla, así como, menor retraso del desarrollo, severidad de las malformaciones y contenido de marcadores de daño oxidativo a proteínas y lípidos. Conclusiones: la suplementación nutricional con Vitamina E durante la gestación en ratas diabéticas disminuyó las pérdidas del producto de la concepción y favoreció el crecimiento y desarrollo de los embriones con menor daño oxidativo a biomoléculas que pudieran sugerir un efecto antioxidante beneficioso de esta vitamina. Palabras clave: embriopatía diabética, estrés oxidativo, vitamina E.</p