Deep Learning-enabled Spatial Phase Unwrapping for 3D Measurement

In terms of 3D imaging speed and system cost, the single-camera system projecting single-frequency patterns is the ideal option among all proposed Fringe Projection Profilometry (FPP) systems. This system necessitates a robust spatial phase unwrapping (SPU) algorithm. However, robust SPU remains a challenge in complex scenes. Quality-guided SPU algorithms need more efficient ways to identify the unreliable points in phase maps before unwrapping. End-to-end deep learning SPU methods face generality and interpretability problems. This paper proposes a hybrid method combining deep learning and traditional path-following for robust SPU in FPP. This hybrid SPU scheme demonstrates better robustness than traditional quality-guided SPU methods, better interpretability than end-to-end deep learning scheme, and generality on unseen data. Experiments on the real dataset of multiple illumination conditions and multiple FPP systems differing in image resolution, the number of fringes, fringe direction, and optics wavelength verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.Comment: 26 page

Impact forces of water drops falling on superhydrophobic surfaces

A falling liquid drop, after impact on a rigid substrate, deforms and spreads, owing to the normal reaction force. Subsequently, if the substrate is non-wetting, the drop retracts and then jumps off. As we show here, not only is the impact itself associated with a distinct peak in the temporal evolution of the normal force, but also the jump-off, which was hitherto unknown. We characterize both peaks and elucidate how they relate to the different stages of the drop impact process. The time at which the second peak appears coincides with the formation of a Worthington jet, emerging through flow-focusing, and it is independent of the impact velocity. However, the magnitude of this peak is dictated by the drop's inertia and surface tension. We show that even low-velocity impacts can lead to a surprisingly high peak in the normal force, namely when a more pronounced singular Worthington jet occurs due to the collapse of an air cavity in the drop.Comment: Please find the supplemental movies here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLf5C5HCrvhLGmlYTF1Gg2WviZ-Bkmy2q

Chemical composition of Chinese palm fruit and chemical properties of the oil extracts

The proximate composition, mineral concentration of fleshy mesocarp, palm meat (PM) and palm kernel (PK) of oil palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis S.L.Dura) produced in Hainan, China were investigated. The fatty acid composition, chemical properties and minor constituents of palm oil (PO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) were also studied. The crude fat of PM and PK were 68.09±3.57% and 49.36±2.61%, respectively. The PM and PK were found to be good sources of minerals. The acid value (AV) and free fatty acid (FFA) of PO extracted from fresh PM were much higher. If the fresh PM were heated at 100ºC for 30 min, the AV and % FFA could be reduced to 4.62±0.04 mgKOH/g and 2.72±0.002%, respectively. The major fatty acid of PO was palmitic acid 39.93±1.66% and that of PKO was lauric acid 48.01±0.69%. Tocopherol isomer (α-, (β+γ)- and δ-) contents in PO were 68.8±1.84, 22.8±0.54 and 11.8±0.12 mg/kg, respectively. The β-carotene content in PO was 901.5±11.95 mg/kg. The content of sterols in PO and PKO were 880.0±5.23 and 858.0±4.37 mg/kg, respectively. PO and PKO exhibited good chemical properties and could be used as edible oils and for industrial applications. There are almost no data about Chinese palm fruit now and this study systematically researched on it, which can provide useful information for Chinese oil palm industry.Key words: Chemical composition, palm fruit, palm oil, palm kernel oil, chemical properties

Effect of ultrasound pretreatment on wood prior to vacuum drying

The influence of ultrasonic pretreatment prior to vacuum drying of Chinese fir specimens was examined in this work. In the pretreatments, wood samples were immerged in a distilled water bath and were treated using two wave frequencies for four different elapsed times to investigate effects of ultrasonic frequency and treatment duration. Then the wood samples were vacuum-dried at 80°C and absolute pressure of 0,05 MPa. After the pretreatment, microscopic analysis was carried out on the wood samples to check micro-cracks, the loss of extractives from the cell walls and other micro-structural changes on the wood. Results show that the ultrasonic treatment prior to vacuum drying significantly shortened the wood drying time. The drying time decreased with increase in the wave frequency and the treatment time. Furthermore, ultrasound pretreatment tended to reduce the content of extractives in the wood cell walls and cause cell-wall micro-cracking

Development of microsatellite markers in Cocos nucifera and their application in evaluating the level of genetic diversity of Cocos nucifera

Cocos nucifera (coconut) is an economically important tropical crop, but opportunities for molecular breeding are limited by lack of DNA sequence information for this species. Previous assessments of coconut germplasm have been conducted based solely on phenotypic data for agronomic and quality traits, due to lack of available molecular markers. In this study, we developed 30 novel microsatellite markers from Illumina transcriptome sequence data, and used these markers to evaluate coconut genetic diversity in 30 individuals representing accessions from China (12 samples) and Southeast Asia (18 samples). The microsatellite markers displayed low to high genetic polymorphism across the population: observed heterozygosity varied from 0.06 to 0.79, with an average of 0.39 ± 0.15. Our results indicated that the Southeast Asian population had a significantly higher number of alleles (p = 0.02), but not significantly different (

Identification of QTL and candidate genes for Pb accumulation in maize at maturity stage

Pb stress.which were located on chromosome 2 and 6 respectively. The two genes were dramatically up-regulated during led to the identification of two Pb-responsive genes from those QTLs, GRMZM2G137161 and GRMZM2G132995, in different tissues, including roots, stems, leaves, and kernels. Furthermore, RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR analysis correlated with stems. A total of 20 QTLs at logarithm of odds (LOD) ratio ≥3 were detected for Pb concentration tissues of maize were roots > leaves > stems > kernels. The Pb concentration of kernels was higher significantly stems and leaves ( P < 0.01). The present study has demonstrated that the trend of Pb concentration in different tissues and all the DH lines (P < 0.01). Pb concentration of kernels displayed significant positive relationships with leaves, and kernels were measured. There was a wide distribution of Pb concentration among the mentioned four ). Pb concentrations in roots, stems, -1 solution (500 mg kg2)3filled up with soil which was stressed with a Pb(NOidentified using 207 IBM10 DH at maturity stage. The IBM10 DH and parents were planted in pots which were important insights for protecting the environment. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Pb accumulation in maize were L) may provide Zea maysthe genetic basis for the underlying mechanism of tolerance for lead responses in maize (Lead (Pb) has become one of the most abundant heavy metal pollutants of the environment. Understandin

Loss of PDZK1 expression activates PI3K/AKT signaling via PTEN phosphorylation in gastric cancer

Phosphorylation of PTEN plays an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of PTEN phosphorylation regulation remains largely elusive. In the present study, PDZK1 was identified as a novel binding protein of PTEN by association of PTEN through its carboxyl terminus and PDZ domains of PDZK1. By direct interaction with PTEN, PDZK1 inhibited the phosphorylation of PTEN at S380/T382/T383 cluster and further enhanced the capacity of PTEN to suppress PI3K/AKT activation. PDZK1 suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation by diminishing PI3K/AKT activation via inhibition of PTEN phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. The expression of PDZK1 was frequently downregulated in gastric cancer specimens and correlated with progression and poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Downregulation of PDZK1 was associated with PTEN inactivation, AKT signaling and cell proliferation activation in clinical specimens. Thus, low levels of PDZK1 in gastric cancer specimens lead to increase proliferation of gastric cancer cells via phosphorylation of PTEN at the S380/T382/T383 cluster and constitutively activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, which results in poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients