A semantic similarity approach to electronic document modeling and integration

The World Wide Web is an enormous collection of information resources serving various purposes. However, the diversity of the Web information, as well as its related formats, makes it very difficult for users to efficiently search and obtain the information they require. The reason for the difficulty is because most of the information uploaded on to the Web is unstructured or semi-structured. Many meta-data models have been proposed to respond to this problem. These models attempt to provide a certain kind of general description for the Web information in order to improve its structuredness. Although these documents consist of the largest portion of the Web information or Web resources, few meta-data models deal with ill-structured Web documents by analyzing their semantic relations with each other. In this paper, we consider this huge set of Web information, called electronic documents. We propose a meta-data model called the EDM (Electronic Document Metadata) model. Using this model, we can extract the semantic characteristics from electronic documents and then use these characteristics to form a semantic electronic document model. This model, inversely, provides a basis for the analysis of semantic similarity between electronic documents and for electronic document integration. This document modeling and integration supports further manipulations on the electronic documents, such as document exchange, searching and evolution.published_or_final_versio

Geochemistry of the Panzhihua Mafic Layered Intrusion (SW China): Petrogenetic Implications for its Giant V-Ti-Magnetite Deposit

published_or_final_versio

Distributed and scalable XML document processing architecture for E-commerce systems

XML has became a very important emerging standard for E-commerce because of its flexibility and universality. Many software designers are actively developing new systems to handle information in XML formats. We propose a generic architecture for processing XML. We have designed an XML processing system using the latest technologies, such as XML, XSLT (XML Stylesheet Language Transformation), HTTP and Java servlets. Our design is very generic, flexible, scalable, extensible, and also suitable for distributed network environments. A main application of the architecture and the system is to support data exchange in E-commerce systems.published_or_final_versio

Geochemical Constrains on Nature of Source Region of The Late Permian Emeishan Continental Flood Basalts, SW China

Abstract in http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/gold2001/pdf/3488.pd

SHRIMP zircon geochronology of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (SW China): implications for double mass extinctions in Late Permian

Abstract in http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/gold2001/pdf/3519.pd

Superoleophobic surfaces on stainless steel substrates obtained by chemical bath deposition

Superhydrophobic surfaces have shown great potential in domestic and industrial applications. However, these surfaces lose their superhydrophobic functions once being contaminated by oily liquids. In this work a simple chemical bath deposition method is reported to fabricate superoleophobic surfaces on steel substrates that repel both water and oil. The synthesis of superoleophobic surfaces involves the fabrication of the micro/nanometre-scale origami-ball-like structures on steel substrates, followed by the modification of low surface energy material. The fabricated surfaces have glycerol, peanut oil and hexadecane contact angles larger than 150° and roll-off angles smaller than 10°. This method is highly efficient because it takes only 5 min to create the surface re-entrant structures that are required by superoleophobicity. The prepared surfaces showed remarkable durability and retained superoleophobicity even after exposure to high and low temperatures (−30 and 100°C), and UV irradiation. This work will enrich the processing methods of the superoleophobic surfaces on stainless steel substrates

Creating robust superamphiphobic coatings for both hard and soft materials

Most superhydrophobic surfaces lose their water-repellency when either contaminated by oily liquids or by being mechanically damaged. Superamphiphobic surfaces are ones that repel both oil and water. However, to date such surfaces are hampered by being mechanically weak. Robust superamphiphobic surfaces with highly water and oil repellent properties are desired for a wide range of environments. Reported herein is a superamphiphobic coatings fabricated by a facile deposition method and followed by a low surface energy materials modification. These coatings can be applied on both hard and soft materials to repel water, glycerol, peanut-oil droplets and some organic solvents. Falling sand abrasion, UV irradiation and aqueous media immersion were used to test the mechanical robustness and durability of the superamphiphobic coatings. A multi-cycle stretch/release test was developed to characterize the robustness of the self-cleaning soft materials. A coated rubber-bond retained both water and oil repellency even after 50 stretch/release cycles. These tests show that the superamphiphobic coatings have remarkable mechanical robustness and UV/aqueous media resistance and can be readily applied to a wide variety of materials to form self-cleaning surfaces that are extremely robust and durable even under intense strains

Large-Area Fabrication of Droplet Pancake Bouncing Surface and Control of Bouncing State

Superhydrophobic pillar arrays, which can generate the droplet pancake bouncing phenomenon with reduced liquid-solid contact time, have huge application prospects in anti-icing of aircraft wings from freezing rain. However, the previously reported pillar arrays, suitable for obtaining pancake bouncing, have a diameter ≤100 μm and height-diameter ratio >10, which are difficult to fabricate over a large area. Here, we have systematically studied the influence of the dimension of the superhydrophobic pillar arrays on the bouncing dynamics of water droplets. We show that the typical pancake bouncing with 57.8% reduction in contact time with the surface was observed on the superhydrophobic pillar arrays with 1.05 mm diameter, 0.8 mm height, and 0.25 mm space. Such pillar arrays with millimeter diameter and <1 height-diameter ratio can be easily fabricated over large areas. Further, a simple replication-spraying method was developed for the large-area fabrication of the superhydrophobic pillar arrays to induce pancake bouncing. No sacrificial layer was needed to reduce the adhesion in the replication processes. Since the bouncing dynamics were rather sensitive to the space between the pillars, a method to control the contact time, bouncing shape, horizontal bouncing direction, and reversible switch between pancake bouncing and conventional bouncing was realized by adjusting the inclination angle of the shape memory polymer pillars

Power-free water pump based on a superhydrophobic surface: generation of a mushroom-like jet and anti-gravity long-distance transport

Spontaneous anti-gravitational transportation of liquids across long distances has been widely discovered in nature, such as water transportation from the root to the crown of a tree. However, artificial liquid delivery remains a challenge. In this work, a new power-free pump composed of a superhydrophobic plate with a pore mounted on a leak-proof cylindrical container filled with water is presented for sustained anti-gravity and long distance transport. Water droplets can be spontaneously captured through the pore by the lower water column, forming a mushroom-like jet due to the energy transition from surface energy to kinetic energy. The spontaneously increased inside pressure in the container will push the water out, through another thin tube, realizing the energy transition from surface energy to gravitational potential energy. The dynamic driving and moving model of the pivotal mushroom-like jet were analyzed. The maximum transport height and transport abilities of the water pump were also discussed. The results show that Laplace pressure is the main driving pressure of the mushroom-like jet and that the developed power-free pump can effectively transport water to over 100 mm in height with an average transport speed of 4500 μL h−1, showing potential for application in microfluidic systems and medical devices where micropumps are needed

The phylogenetically-related pattern recognition receptors EFR and XA21 recruit similar immune signaling components in monocots and dicots

During plant immunity, surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The transfer of PRRs between plant species is a promising strategy for engineering broad-spectrum disease resistance. Thus, there is a great interest in understanding the mechanisms of PRR-mediated resistance across different plant species. Two well-characterized plant PRRs are the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) EFR and XA21 from Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and rice, respectively. Interestingly, despite being evolutionary distant, EFR and XA21 are phylogenetically closely related and are both members of the sub-family XII of LRR-RKs that contains numerous potential PRRs. Here, we compared the ability of these related PRRs to engage immune signaling across the monocots-dicots taxonomic divide. Using chimera between Arabidopsis EFR and rice XA21, we show that the kinase domain of the rice XA21 is functional in triggering elf18-induced signaling and quantitative immunity to the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the EFR:XA21 chimera associates dynamically in a ligand-dependent manner with known components of the EFR complex. Conversely, EFR associates with Arabidopsis orthologues of rice XA21-interacting proteins, which appear to be involved in EFR-mediated signaling and immunity in Arabidopsis. Our work indicates the overall functional conservation of immune components acting downstream of distinct LRR-RK-type PRRs between monocots and dicots