Degradation Kinetics of Polycarbonate Composites: Kinetic Parameters and Artificial Neural Network

In order to design a reactor, kinetics of degradation of polycarbonate/CaCO3 composites was investigated here by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), applying model-free and modelistic methods together, to obtain E, A, ΔS*, ΔH* and ΔG* (kinetic parameters). The system was tested with all the mechanisms available using non-isothermal modelistic method (Coats-Redfern). This approach allowed choosing the models, which are otherwise difficult to decide upon simply based on regression fit methods. The mechanism proposed was a simple nth order. Application of artificial neural network supported in designing a neural network could lead to a quick determination of kinetic parameters. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Transition Metal Carbohydrazide Nitrates: Burn-rate Modifiers for Propellants

This paper discusses the synthesis and characterisation of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) andcopper (Cu) carbohydrazide nitrates. In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the complexesexhibited exothermic decomposition indicating their energetic nature. The commencement ofdecomposition was observed at 220 °C for Ni complex, and at 160 °C for Co complex whereasthat of Cu complex occurred at 75 °C. In view of the better thermal stability, Ni and Co complexeswere selected for further study. The activation energy of decomposition of Ni and Co complexeswere found to be 47 kcal/mol and 60 kcal/mol respectively. Impact and friction sensitivity testresults revealed relatively lower vulnerability of carbohydrazide cobalt nitrate. Its incorporationin an ammonium perchlorate (AP)-based composite propellant led to 9-19 per cent enhancementwhereas that of carbohydrazide nickel nitrate resulted in 28-74 per cent enhancement in burningrates in the pressure range 1.9 MPa to 8.8 MPa. Exothermic decomposition of the coordinationcomplexes on propellant surface and involvement of metal at molecular level formed ondecomposition of the complexes in combustion environment of composite propellant may beattributed to the catalytic effect of this class of compounds on the lines of reported literature

Chemoselective rhodium-carbenoid reaction with the aromatic nucleus: An efficient methodology for 2-indanones, 2- tetralones and 2-benzosuberones and its application in the synthesis of (±)-ar-Himachalene

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User Feedback Analysis System using Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence

The Web has dramatically changed the way that people express their views and opinions. Now if one wants to purchase a product, he/she is no longer limited to asking his/her friends and families because there are many product reviews on the Web which give opinions of existing users of the product. Here we present the system which provides us information about such products and services in summarization form. Finding opinion sources and monitoring them on the Web can still be a difficult task because there are a large number of diffrent sources, and each source may also have a huge volume of opinionated text (text with opinions or sentiments). In most cases, opinions are hidden in long forum posts and blogs. It is complicated for a human reader to find relable sources, extract related sentences with opinions, read them, summarize them, and manage them into usable forms. Thus, automated summarization systems are needed. Using this summarization we can recognize the importance, quality, popularity of product and services. In this system we make summarization for product. But, we can use this system anywhere, where text analysis is required. Sentiment analysis, also known as opinion mining, grows out of this need. It is a challenging natural language processing or text mining problem. Due to its tremendous value for practical applications, there has been an excessive growth of both research in academia and applications in the industry

Sonochemical Formation of Peracetic Acid in Batch Reactor: Process Intensification and Kinetic Study

The present chapter highlights the kinetic studies for the sonochemical synthesis of peracetic acid (PAA) in a batch reactor. The effect of different operating parameters including acetic acid to hydrogen peroxide molar ratio, temperature, catalyst loading, effect of ultrasound, were studied using Amberlite IR-120H as a catalyst. The deactivation of the Amberlite IR-120H catalyst has also been studied. The experimental data were further utilized for the estimation of intrinsic reaction rate constants and equilibrium constants. From the experimental results; the optimized PAA concentration was observed for 471 mg/cm3 catalyst loading at 40°C with acetic acid to hydrogen peroxide molar ratio equals to 1:1 in the presence of ultrasound. Results also revealed that the reaction rate was found to be significantly enhanced in the presence of ultrasound, which can be attributed to the enhanced mixing and in-situ formation of H2O2. The use of ultrasound drastically reduces the overall reaction time to 60 min, which is very less compared to 30 h as reported for conventional batch reactor utilizing H2O2 only

An Intrusion Detection System Algorithm for Defending MANET against the DDoS Attacks.

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is rapidly deployable, self configuring network able to communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized system. There is no need for existing infrastructure base network. In MANET Wireless medium is radio frequencies and nodes are mobile, topology can be very dynamically. Nodes must be able to relay traffic since communicating nodes might be out of range. A MANET can be a standalone network or it can be connected to external networks like internet. Multihop operation of MANET requires a routing mechanism designed for mobile nodes are internet access mechanisms, self configuring networks requires an address allocation mechanism, mechanism to detect and act on, merging of existing networks and security mechanisms. As we know that there is no any centralized system so routing is done by node itself. Due to its mobility and self routing capability nature, there are many weaknesses in its security

Effect of different shading intensities on growth and yield of cherry tomato

Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicon var cerasiforme) is small size fruits, with a bright red colour resembling to cherry and becoming popular in the retail chains which are marketed at a premium price. The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different (35, 50 and 75 per cent) shading intensities on growth and yield (qha-1 ) of cherry tomato. Significantly maximum yield was recorded in 35 per cent shading intensity and genotype Kalash Seeds Product (KSP)-113 (579.44 and 503.88 q ha-1 , respectively). Among the different shading intensities and genotypes, maximum plant height was observed in 75 per cent shading intensity and genotype KSP -113 at 30 days interval (74.70 and 60.95 cm, respectively). The minimum days to 50% flowering of cherry tomato were observed in cherry tomatoes grown under 35 per cent shading intensity (45.00 days) as compared to other shading intensities while minimum days to 50% flowering were observed in genotype KSP-113 (44.00 days). The maximum length of the cluster (9.58 cm), the weight of cluster (27.67 g), number of fruits per cluster (9.42) and number of pickings (11.67) were observed in 35 per cent shading intensities and in genotype KSP-113. The cultivation of KSP-113 genotype under 35 per cent shading intensity was found to be most sustainable for improving growth and yield of cherry tomato during the summer season

Effect of glycemic status on peripheral nerve conduction in lower limbs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases globally. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common & troublesome complication. But exact pathogenesis is not yet known. Comparatively there are few studies showing relation between glycemic status & diabetic neuropathy. Hence present study was conducted, which was aimed to assess the same in lower limbs in type 2 DM.  Methods: 60 type 2 diabetes mellitus male patients were selected from diabetic OPD. 30 were having glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 6%-9% (group B), 30 were having HbA1c > 9% (group C). They were compared with age and sex matched 30 normal healthy controls (group A). Conduction velocity and amplitude of bilateral sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) and peroneal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were recorded. Glycated hemoglobin was measured using ion exchange resin method. Results: Group B and group C had significantly lesser means of conduction velocity and amplitude of sural SNAP (p<0.001) and peroneal CMAP (p<0.05) as compared to group A. Hb A1c had statistically significant negative correlation with conduction velocity and amplitude of sural SNAP (p<0.001) as well as peroneal CMAP (p<0.001). Conclusions: This study shows that diabetic patients with higher blood glucose levels are at increased risk of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy in lower limbs worsens with increasing blood glucose levels. Hence stringent action has to be taken at an early stage to control blood glucose levels. Also, patients should be encouraged for regular follow up and strict glycemic control.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Responds to Chloride and pH as Synergistic Cues to the Immune Status of its Host Cell

PubMed ID: 23592993This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited