Unruptured ectopic pregnancy in rudimentary horn of unicornuate uterus at fourteen weeks with previous vaginal delivery

Unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn is an anomaly of the mullerian duct and is an extremely rare condition. This condition results when one of the paired mullerian ducts fails to fuse completely. Its incidence is estimated to be one in 76,000 pregnancies.Pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of the unicornuate uterus is difficult to diagnose on ultrasound and can be easily missed out. Hence the pregnancy usually gets detected after rupture when the mother presents with the complaint of severe abdominal pain. This is a case report of a 24 year old G2P1A0L1 female who presented to us with complaints of tenderness in the left iliac fossa and mild abdominal distention. Clinical examinations, radiological investigations, and exploratory laparotomy revealed a unicornuate uterus with an unruptured left rudimentary horn pregnancy at 14 weeks with mild hemoperitoneum. Following the exploratory laparotomy, excision of the left rudimentary horn and thorough peritoneal lavage was performed

Effect of Feeding Open-Air Dried Broiler Litter on Nutrient Digestibility, Growth and Carcass Composition in Growing-Finishing Pig Diets

Fifty-four (Large White strain) grower pigs were used to evaluate broiler litter as potential feedstuff for growing-finishing pigs. Pigs were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments; O, 15 and 30 % broiler litter inclusion levels. Each treatment was replicated six times with three pigs/replicate in a completely randomized block design. Test diets were formulated to contain 20% crude protein and 3200 kcal/kg digestible energy. Pigs were housed in total confinement in a concrete-slatted floor house containing twenty pens; each measuring 7.4 × 1.75 m and equipped with feed and water troughs that were about 3.6 m apart. The apparent digestibility of nutrients decreased with increasing incorporation of broiler litter in the diets of growing-finishing pigs, especially crude protein. The apparent digestibility of crude protein and the daily growth rate were depressed by the increasing inclusion of broiler litter in the diet. Daily feed intake was increased and the feed conversion ratio was highest at 30% broiler litter feeding. Animals on broiler litter-based diets had lower body weight at slaughter while carcass length and backfat thickness decreased with increasing level of broiler litter inclusion. Percent spleen was increased by the inclusion of broiler litter. Ash content of the muscles increased whereas ether extracts and crude protein decreased with increase in the levels of broiler litter in the diet. Feeding broiler litter at 30% level gave higher moisture content (3.8%), calcium (0.04%), phosphorus (0.8%) and a lower gross energy (5649 kcal/kg) content for muscle composition. The inclusion of broiler litter in growing-finishing pigs’ rations reduced growth performance; but improved the carcass quality when fed at 30% inclusion level and reduced feed cost at 15% inclusion level. Appropriate feeding strategies are required to optimise performance, carcass quality and feed cost.Keywords: Carcass quality, feed cost, muscle composition

Simple Processing Method for Recycling Poultry Waste into Animal Feed Ingredient

Poultry wastes (PW) namely broiler litter (BL), caged-­‐layer droppings (CLD) and layer litter (LL) were evaluated for nutrient composition and microbial loads in order to select the most suitable for use as a feedstuff. Broiler litter had the highest amount of crude protein (16.8%) and a phosphorus content of 0.49%. There were more bacteria (cfu/g) in all the test materials than fungi. The total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) load was lowest in BL at 2.8 ×106 cfu/g. The total heterotrophic fungi (THF) load of 1.1 × 102 cfu/g was lowest for CLD. Total microbial load (TML) was lower in BL with a value of 1.4 x106 cfu/g. Klebsiella edwardsii was prevalent in all the test materials, while the fungi identified were moulds. Broiler litter also had the least number of identified microorganisms. The crude protein (CP), phosphorus (P) content, and the TML showed BL as the most suitable PW that can be processed as a feedstuff. The processing method developed in this study for recycling poultry litter into feedstuffs potentially useful for integration into animal-­‐feeding systems for non-­‐ruminants is simple, feasible and cheap

Resource Management and Rural Development Conversion of abattoir wastes into livestock feed: Chemical composition of sun-dried rumen content blood meal and its effect on performance of broiler chickens

Abstract Identification, development, and utilisation of potential alternatives to conventional ingredients (such as soybean and fishmeal) are imperative for the sustainability of livestock production. One of such is from abattoir wastes comprising rumen content and blood (about 50,000 and 17,000 metric tonnes available/year, respectively), a potential alternative protein source. Therefore, this study was set up to evaluate the chemical composition of rumen content blood meal and its effect on performance of broiler chickens. Fresh blood prevented from coagulation, mixed with dewatered rumen content, was sun-dried, ground, mixed again with blood and ground into a meal. The crude protein, fat, fiber, ash, NDF, ADF and gross energy contents of sun-dried rumen content blood meal (SDRBM) were, 47. 06, 6.55, 9.59, 11.6, 58.75, 19.84 %, and 17.6 kJg−1, respectively. It was adequate in all essential amino acids. In a feeding trial, starter (14-35 d) and finisher phases (35-49 d), eighty14-day-old commercial broiler chicks were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments in a completely randomised block design. The dietary treatments (isoproteic and isoenergetic, and fed ad libitum) consisted of the control diet, which contained fishmeal (starter diet only), groundnut cake and soybean meal as the main protein sources, and three other diets, which contained varying levels of SDRBM (5, 10 and 15 %). The starter dietary treatments did not have significant impact (p > 0.05) on body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency. However, birds fed SDRBM at 0, 5, and 10% had higher feed intake (p < 0.05) than birds fed 15% SDRBM and feed cost per unit weight gain lower (p < 0.05) for SDRBM diets than the SDRBM-free diet. Birds fed 15% SDRBM had the lowest (p < 0.05) feed intake while body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and feed cost per unit weight gain were superior (p < 0.05) for birds fed 10% SDRBM compared with other SDRBM diets in both the finisher phase and the whole period. Carcass yields were higher (p < 0.05) for SDRBM diets than the SDRBM-free diet. Mortality was unaffected by dietary treatments. The study demonstrated that dietary SDRBM up to 10% was beneficial for growth performance and that total replacement of fishmeal was possible in broiler diets

Sensory profiles of breast meat from broilers reared in an organic niche production system and conventional standard broilers

BACKGROUND: Breast meat from broilers produced in very different production systems may vary considerable in sensory profile, which may affect consumer interests. In this study the aim was to evaluate differences in the sensory profiles of breast meat from five broiler products: two conventional standard products (A and B) and three organic niche genotypes (I657, L40 and K8) reared in an apple orchard. RESULTS: Thirteen out of 22 sensory attributes differed significantly between the products. The aroma attributes ‘chicken’, ‘bouillon’ and ‘fat’ scored highest and the ‘iron/liver’ aroma lowest for the niche products. The meat was more ‘tender’, ‘short’ and ‘crumbly’ and less ‘hard’ and ‘stringy’ in the standard products than in one or more of the niche products. Product ‘I 657’ was less ‘juicy’ than the rest. Products ‘I 657’ and ‘L 40’ were more ‘cohesive’ and tasted more ‘sourish’ and less of ‘sweet/maize’ than the standard products. The ‘overall liking’ score was significantly higher for the ‘K 8’ product than for the ‘Standard A’ and ‘L 40’ products. The ‘overall liking’ score was significantly correlated with the scores for aroma and taste of ‘chicken’, ‘umami/bouillon’, ‘iron/liver’ and ‘fat’ aroma. CONCLUSION: The sensory profiles differed particularly between conventional standard broilers and organic niche broilers, although differences were also found between breeds. The present study indicates that aroma and taste attributes were more important for the assessors than meat ‘tenderness’ for the overall liking of broiler meat. �c 2011 Society of Chemical Industry