Effects of Anthropic Pollutants Identified in Pampas Lakes on the Development and Reproduction of Pejerrey Fish Odontesthes bonariensis

Anthropic activities can seriously affect the health of the organisms inhabiting them, and the observation of any alteration in the reproduction of fish could be associated with the presence of endocrine disruptors. In this manuscript we have collected information on the adverse effects of pollutants (heavy metals, environmental steroids, and agrochemicals), present in Chascomús lake, Argentina, either at environmentally relevant and pharmacological concentrations on reproduction, embryonic development, and larval survival of pejerrey fish Odontesthes bonariensis. During development, it has been reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) feminized and reduced larval survival, while 17α-ethinyl-estradiol (EE2) not only feminized but also affected both embryo and larval survival. In adult male fish, treatments with EE2 and E2 + EE2 were able to increase mRNA abundance of gnrh3 and cyp19a1b and decreased those of gonadotropin receptors (fshr and lhcgr). Heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, and copper negatively affected sperm quality, diminishing the motility. Also, a decrease in the percentage of hatching rate and larval survival was also observed with the same metals, highlighting zinc as the most detrimental metal. Furthermore, all these metals altered the expression of hypothalamic and pituitary genes related to reproduction in male pejerrey (gnrh1,2,3; cyp19a1b; fshb; lhb; fshr and, lhcgr). Moreover, in all cases pyknotic cells, corresponding to the degeneration of the germ cells, were observed in the testes of exposed fish. For agrochemicals, exposure of male pejerrey to environmental concentrations of glyphosate did not cause alterations on the endocrine reproductive axis. However, male pejerrey with gonadal abnormalities such as the presence of intersex (testis-ova) gonads were found in other Pampa´s lakes with high concentrations of atrazine and glyphosate associated with soybean and corn crops near their coasts. These types of studies demonstrate that pejerrey, an endemic species with economic importance inhabiting the Pampas shallow lakes, can be used as a sentinel species. It should be noted that increased pollution of aquatic ecosystems and the effects on the reproduction of organisms can lead to a decline in fish populations worldwide. Which, added to overfishing and other external factors such as global warming, could cause an eventual extinction of an emblematic species.Fil: Miranda, Leandro Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Somoza, Gustavo Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; Argentin

Overview and New Insights Into the Diversity, Evolution, Role, and Regulation of Kisspeptins and Their Receptors in Teleost Fish

In the last two decades, kisspeptin (Kiss) has been identified as an important player in the regulation of reproduction and other physiological functions in vertebrates, including several fish species. To date, two ligands (Kiss1, Kiss2) and three kisspeptin receptors (Kissr1, Kissr2, Kissr3) have been identified in teleosts, likely due to whole-genome duplication and loss of genes that occurred early in teleost evolution. Recent results in zebrafish and medaka mutants have challenged the notion that the kisspeptin system is essential for reproduction in fish, in marked contrast to the situation in mammals. In this context, this review focuses on the role of kisspeptins at three levels of the reproductive, brain-pituitary-gonadal (BPG) axis in fish. In addition, this review compiled information on factors controlling the Kiss/Kissr system, such as photoperiod, temperature, nutritional status, sex steroids, neuropeptides, and others. In this article, we summarize the available information on the molecular diversity and evolution, tissue expression and neuroanatomical distribution, functional significance, signaling pathways, and gene regulation of Kiss and Kissr in teleost fishes. Of particular note are recent advances in understanding flatfish kisspeptin systems, which require further study to reveal their structural and functional diversity.Fil: Wang, Bin. Chinese Academy Of Fishery Sciences; ChinaFil: Mechaly, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Somoza, Gustavo Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentin

¿Representan nuestros efluentes cloacales un riesgo para los ecosistemas acuáticos y la salud?

El aumento de las poblaciones humanas y la concentración de las mismas en núcleos urbanos han llevado que los desechos que éstas generan sean dispuestos de una forma u otra en el ambiente circundante. En los últimos años se ha demostrado que los efluentes cloacales colectan no sólo los desechos fisiológicos provenientes de esas poblaciones, sino también los metabolitos de los fármacos que se consumen, los productos relacionados con el cuidado personal, los productos de limpieza, los plaguicidas, los herbicidas, etc. Todos estos residuos se vuelcan, tratados o no, en los sistemas acuáticos superficiales próximos, que paradójicamente luego sirven como fuente de agua de bebida. El presente trabajo resume en forma esquemática los fármacos encontrados en los cuerpos de agua superficiales de distintas partes del mundo y los primeros trabajos realizados en la temática en nuestro país. Como ejemplo se toma la detección y actividad biológica del 17α-etinilestradiol, componente de las pastillas anticonceptivas y su efecto sobre la biología de especies de peces autóctonas.The growth of human populations and their concentration in urban areas have led to the fact that the wastes they generate are disposed into the surrounding environment. In recent years it has been shown that the sewage discharges contain not only the physiological waste from these populations, but also the metabolites of drugs consumed, personal care products, cleaning products, pesticides, herbicides etc. All of these wastes are dumped, treated or not, in the surrounding surface water systems, which paradoxically are used as source of drinking water. This paper schematically summarizes the pharmaceutical products found in surface water bodies around the world and the studies done on this respect in our country. As an example the detection and biological activity of 17α-ethinylestradiol, component of birth control pills, is described and its effects on the biology of native fish species.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

¿Representan nuestros efluentes cloacales un riesgo para los ecosistemas acuáticos y la salud?

El aumento de las poblaciones humanas y la concentración de las mismas en núcleos urbanos han llevado que los desechos que éstas generan sean dispuestos de una forma u otra en el ambiente circundante. En los últimos años se ha demostrado que los efluentes cloacales colectan no sólo los desechos fisiológicos provenientes de esas poblaciones, sino también los metabolitos de los fármacos que se consumen, los productos relacionados con el cuidado personal, los productos de limpieza, los plaguicidas, los herbicidas, etc. Todos estos residuos se vuelcan, tratados o no, en los sistemas acuáticos superficiales próximos, que paradójicamente luego sirven como fuente de agua de bebida. El presente trabajo resume en forma esquemática los fármacos encontrados en los cuerpos de agua superficiales de distintas partes del mundo y los primeros trabajos realizados en la temática en nuestro país. Como ejemplo se toma la detección y actividad biológica del 17α-etinilestradiol, componente de las pastillas anticonceptivas y su efecto sobre la biología de especies de peces autóctonas.The growth of human populations and their concentration in urban areas have led to the fact that the wastes they generate are disposed into the surrounding environment. In recent years it has been shown that the sewage discharges contain not only the physiological waste from these populations, but also the metabolites of drugs consumed, personal care products, cleaning products, pesticides, herbicides etc. All of these wastes are dumped, treated or not, in the surrounding surface water systems, which paradoxically are used as source of drinking water. This paper schematically summarizes the pharmaceutical products found in surface water bodies around the world and the studies done on this respect in our country. As an example the detection and biological activity of 17α-ethinylestradiol, component of birth control pills, is described and its effects on the biology of native fish species.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

¿Representan nuestros efluentes cloacales un riesgo para los ecosistemas acuáticos y la salud?

El aumento de las poblaciones humanas y la concentración de las mismas en núcleos urbanos han llevado que los desechos que éstas generan sean dispuestos de una forma u otra en el ambiente circundante. En los últimos años se ha demostrado que los efluentes cloacales colectan no sólo los desechos fisiológicos provenientes de esas poblaciones, sino también los metabolitos de los fármacos que se consumen, los productos relacionados con el cuidado personal, los productos de limpieza, los plaguicidas, los herbicidas, etc. Todos estos residuos se vuelcan, tratados o no, en los sistemas acuáticos superficiales próximos, que paradójicamente luego sirven como fuente de agua de bebida. El presente trabajo resume en forma esquemática los fármacos encontrados en los cuerpos de agua superficiales de distintas partes del mundo y los primeros trabajos realizados en la temática en nuestro país. Como ejemplo se toma la detección y actividad biológica del 17α-etinilestradiol, componente de las pastillas anticonceptivas y su efecto sobre la biología de especies de peces autóctonas.The growth of human populations and their concentration in urban areas have led to the fact that the wastes they generate are disposed into the surrounding environment. In recent years it has been shown that the sewage discharges contain not only the physiological waste from these populations, but also the metabolites of drugs consumed, personal care products, cleaning products, pesticides, herbicides etc. All of these wastes are dumped, treated or not, in the surrounding surface water systems, which paradoxically are used as source of drinking water. This paper schematically summarizes the pharmaceutical products found in surface water bodies around the world and the studies done on this respect in our country. As an example the detection and biological activity of 17α-ethinylestradiol, component of birth control pills, is described and its effects on the biology of native fish species.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

The effect of rearing temperature in larval development of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis- Morphological indicators of development

It is well known that in pejerrey water temperature not only affects growth rates but also directs the sexual differentiation process. This fact rise the question of how different the development of pejerrey larvae of the same age is when reared at different temperatures. A description of developmental stages for the embryonic and larval periods of the pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis, and the influence of rearing temperature on larval development are presented. Then, larval development was studied at three rearing temperatures, and changes in general morphology, fin morphology, and caudal fin structure have been taken into consideration within the thermal range involved in the temperature sex determination of this species. Fin fold reabsorption, caudal fin formation, and body shape were selected to follow the events leading to the acquisition of the juvenile morphology. The juvenile phenotype was defined when the fin fold was reabsorpted and the caudal fin acquired its definitive homocercal structure. The moment at which the juvenile phenotype was achieved, was evaluated in relation to larval age, size and, shape. The size resulted as the best indicator of development in pejerrey.A temperatura da água não afeta apenas as taxas de crescimento no peixe-rei, mas também direciona o processo de diferenciação sexual. Este fato levanta o questionamento de quão diferente é o desenvolvimento de larvas do peixe-rei da mesma idade quando criadas em temperaturas diferentes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar uma descrição do de desenvolvimento de embriões e larvas do peixe-rei, Odontesthes bonariensis, e a influência da temperatura de criação no desenvolvimento das larvas. Neste trabalho, o desenvolvimento das larvas foi estudado em três temperaturas diferentes de cultivo. Foram consideradas as alterações ocorridas na morfologia geral, assim como na morfologia e na estrutura da nadadeira caudal dentro da variação termal da temperatura de determinação sexual desta espécie. A taxa de reabsorção da membrana embrionária, a formação da cauda e o formato do corpo foram selecionados para acompanhar os eventos que levam à aquisição da morfologia juvenil. O fenótipo juvenil foi definido quando a nadadeira caudal foi reabsorvida e a cauda adquiriu a estrutura homocerca. O momento no qual o fenótipo juvenil foi atingido, foi avaliado quanto à idade, tamanho e formato da larva, sendo que o tamanho resultou no melhor indicador do desenvolvimento do peixe-rei.Fil: Chalde, Tomás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Daniel Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Cussac, Victor Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Somoza, Gustavo Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (sede Chascomús); Argentin

Effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol on sex ratio, gonadal histology and perianal hyperpigmentation of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces, Poeciliidae) during a full-lifecycle exposure

The effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on sex ratio, gonopodium morphology, and gonadal histology of C. decemmaculatus were assessed by a full-lifecycle exposure experiment. Newborn fish were waterborne exposed to 30, 100, and 300 ng EE2/L for 90 d, using 50 fish per treatment. Additionally, in December of 2016, a field survey was conducted on a C. decemmaculatus population inhabiting the Girado Creek downstream of the Chascomus city wastewater effluent discharge. After 90 d of exposure, EE2 was able to histologically skew the sex ratio toward females and inhibit the full gonopodium development since the lowest tested concentration (LOEC = 30 ng/L). At higher concentrations, EE2 was toxic, inducing mortality in a concentration-dependent fashion (90 d-LC50 = 109.9 ng/L) and altering the gonadal histoarchitecture, causing neither testes nor ovaries discernible histologically (LOEC = 100 ng/L). In addition, a novel response, perianal hyperpigmentation, was discovered been induced by the EE2 exposure in a concentration-dependent fashion (90 d-EC50 = 39.3 ng/L). A higher proportion of females and perianal hyperpigmentation were observed in wild fish collected from the Girado Creek. The major reached conclusions are: i) EE2 induce different effects on the sexual traits of C. decemmaculatus when exposed from early-life or adult stages. ii) The most sensitive effects observed in the laboratory occur in a creek receiving wastewater effluent. iii) The perianal hyperpigmentation comes-up as a promising biomarker of exposure to estrogenic compounds.Fil: Young, Brian Jonathan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Cristos, Diego Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Crespo, Diana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Somoza, Gustavo Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Carriquiriborde, Pedro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente; Argentin

CICLO GONADAL Y REPRODUCCIÓN EN Leptodactylus Latrans: ASPECTOS BÁSICOS Y EFECTO DE ESTRESORES AMBIENTALES

El presente plan de trabajo propone estudiar la endocrinología del ciclo gonadal en Leptodactylus latrans, una especie de anuro autóctono, y el impacto del uso antrópico del agua y la tierra sobre la misma. Para ello se estudiarán las variaciones de distintos parámetros morfométricos externos en relación con ciclo reproductivo. Dichos parámetros se correlacionarán con la morfología e histología gonadal y los niveles plasmáticos de los esteroides gonadales (estradiol, testosterona y progesterona). Además, se caracterizará el cDNA codificante para GnIH (hormona inhibidora de gonadotrofinas) y las variantes de la hormona liberadora de gonadotrofinas (GnRH1 y GnRH2) a nivel hipotalámico y el cDNA codificante para las dos gonadotrofinas, la hormona folículo estimulante (FSH) y la hormona luteinizante (LH) a nivel hipofisario. Paralelamente, se harán estudios inmunocitoquímicos para el objeto de estudiar la estructura y el número de células hipofisarias que expresan FSH y LH y su variación a lo largo del ciclo gonadal. También se cuantificarán mediante qPCR (PCR cuantitativa) la abundancia de mensajeros de los genes estudiados a la largo del ciclo gonadal.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Finalmente se compararán estos parámetros cuantificados entre individuos provenientes de sitios con diferente nivel de influencia antrópica, es decir, con diferente grado de contaminación por efluentes cloacales en los que hay presencia de diversos perturbadores endócrinos en diferentes concentraciones. En todos los sitios de estudio se medirán parámetros de rutina como pH, conductividad, oxígeno disuelto, etc. y se colectarán muestras de agua para posterior análisis y cuantificación de analitos de interés. La información proveniente de los diferentes análisis realizados se correlacionará y se interpretarán de manera holística en el contexto ecotoxicológico que plantea esta problemática ambiental

The central nervous system acts as a transducer of stress-induced masculinization through corticotropin-releasing hormone b

Exposure to environmental stressors, like high temperature (HT), during early development of fish induces sex reversal of genotypic females. Nevertheless, the involvement of the brain in this process is not well clarified. In the present work, we investigated the mRNA levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone b (crhb) and its receptors (crhr1 and crhr2), and found out that they were up-regulated at HT during the critical period of gonadal sex determination in medaka. In order to clarify their roles in sex reversal, biallelic mutants for crhr1 and crhr2 were produced by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Remarkably, biallelic mutant of both loci (crhr1 and crhr2) did not undergo female-to-male sex reversal upon HT exposition. Inhibition of this process in double crhrs mutants could be successfully rescued through the administration of the downstream effector of the hypothalamic-pituitary interrenal axis, the cortisol. Taken together, these results revealed for the first time the participation of the CNS acting as a transducer of masculinization induced by thermal stress.Fil: Castañeda Cortes, Diana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Arias Padilla, Luisa Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Langois, Valerie. Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; CanadáFil: Somoza, Gustavo Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Fernandino, Juan Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentin

Intersex and liver alterations induced by long‐term sublethal exposure to 17α‐ethinylestradiol in adult male <i>Cnesterodon decemmaculatus</i> (Pisces: Poeciliidae)

The aim of the present study was to assess the responses of the gonopodium morphology and the gonadal and liver histology of adult male Cnesterodon decemmaculatus to sublethal long-term exposure concentrations of 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Two experiments were conducted exposing the fish to waterborne concentrations of EE2 ranging from 20 ng/L to 200 ng/L for 8 wk, 12 wk, and 16 wk. Intersex gonads were observed after 8 wk and 16 wk in fish exposed to 200 ng EE2/L and 100 ng EE2/L, respectively. Oocytes’ development from testis germ cells and replacement of the efferent duct periodic acid-Schiff–positive secretion surrounding spermatozeugmata by parenchymal tissue and duct structure alterations were the major observed changes in the gonads. In contrast, no response was observed in the gonopodium morphology. Liver histology was also altered, showing increasing steatosis, single-cell necrosis to generalized necrosis, and disruption of acinar organization from 100 ng EE2/L to 200 ng EE2/L. In summary, the present results showed that although EE2 was not able to alter the morphology of a developed gonopodium, it was capable of inducing development of testicular oocytes in adult male C. decemmaculatus at environmentally relevant concentrations. Thus, externally normal but intersex C. decemmaculatus males would be expected in the wastewater-receiving streams that the species inhabits. According to the literature, the present study would be the first indicating estrogen-induced intersex in adult male poeciliid.Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambient