One health in the Arctic - connections and actions

Abstract There is growing awareness and recognition of the importance of the One Health paradigm to address existing environmental threats and recognise emerging ones at an early stage among Arctic residents, public health agencies, and wildlife resource managers. The One Health approach, emphasising the interconnectedness of human, animal, and ecosystem health, plays a pivotal role in addressing these multifaceted issues. Warming climate and permafrost thaw may influence both contaminant exposure and the spread of zoonotic infectious diseases and have impacts on water and food security. Migration from rural regions to larger communities and urban centres along with increased tourism may be accompanied by changes in exposure to contaminants and zoonotic diseases. Universities have developed educational programmes and research projects on One Health in the Arctic, and under the Arctic Council there is running a project of One Arctic, One Health. These arctivities have produced interdisciplinary information and practical solutions for local communities, decision-makers, and in scientific forums. There is a need for epidemiological zoonotic/human disease models, as well as new approaches to integrate existing and future surveillance data to climatic and environmental data. This requires not only regional and international collaboration but also multi-agency and transdisciplinary research.Abstract There is growing awareness and recognition of the importance of the One Health paradigm to address existing environmental threats and recognise emerging ones at an early stage among Arctic residents, public health agencies, and wildlife resource managers. The One Health approach, emphasising the interconnectedness of human, animal, and ecosystem health, plays a pivotal role in addressing these multifaceted issues. Warming climate and permafrost thaw may influence both contaminant exposure and the spread of zoonotic infectious diseases and have impacts on water and food security. Migration from rural regions to larger communities and urban centres along with increased tourism may be accompanied by changes in exposure to contaminants and zoonotic diseases. Universities have developed educational programmes and research projects on One Health in the Arctic, and under the Arctic Council there is running a project of One Arctic, One Health. These arctivities have produced interdisciplinary information and practical solutions for local communities, decision-makers, and in scientific forums. There is a need for epidemiological zoonotic/human disease models, as well as new approaches to integrate existing and future surveillance data to climatic and environmental data. This requires not only regional and international collaboration but also multi-agency and transdisciplinary research

Demographic patterns in Lyme borreliosis seasonality over 25 years

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Protective practices against tick bites in Denmark, Norway and Sweden: a questionnaire-based study

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The emergence and shift in seasonality of Lyme borreliosis in Northern Europe

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Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis virus in Denmark, Norway and Sweden

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Vurdering av risiko for smitte til mennesker med høypatogen fugleinfluensa A(H5N8) i Norge 25.01.2021 – revidert 03.03.2021

Hovedfunn • Det er så langt ikke påvist smitte til mennesker med A(H5N1)-viruset som har forårsaket utbrudd hos fugl i Norge og Europa høsten 2021. • Analyse av helgenomsekvenser fra utbruddsviruset hos høns bekrefter at det høypatogene A(H5N1)-viruset tilhører den genetiske undergruppen 2.3.4.4b. Viruset er en ny genotype A(H5N1)-virus som viser størst likhet med virus fra fugl i Russland, og det er også nært beslektet med A(H5N1)-virus som har gitt utbrudd hos fjørfe i Europa høsten 2021. Det er ikke funnet holdepunkter for at viruset er mer smittsomt eller sykdomsfremkallende hos mennesker enn de andre virusene vi har sett hos fugl i Europa de siste årene. • Hemagglutinin (HA)-genet til A(H5N1)-viruset er beslektet med HA-genet som finnes i andre H5-virus innenfor undergruppe 2.3.4.4b f.eks. A(H5N8) og A(H5N6) som også har sirkulert blant fugl i Europa i 2020-2021. Noen av disse virusene har i sjeldne tilfeller forårsaket sykdom hos pattedyr (sel, rev), og milde eller asymptomatiske infeksjoner hos mennesker. Viruset er annerledes enn det asiatiske høypatogene A(H5N1)-viruset hos fugl som oftest tidligere har gitt alvorlig sykdom hos mennesker. HA-genet er likevel beslektet med HA-genet til A(H5N6)-virus som nylig har gitt alvorlig sykdom hos mennesker i Kina, men virusets øvrige gener er forskjellige fra disse A(H5N6)-virusene. • Folkehelseinstituttet vurderer smitterisiko for mennesker med høypatogen fugleinfluensa A(H5N1) som er påvist hos fjørfe og villfugl i Norge høsten 2021 som svært lav. For personer med nær kontakt med mistenkt eller bekreftet smittet fjørfe uten bruk av beskyttelsesutstyr vurderes risiko som lav. Risiko kan reduseres til svært lav ved riktig bruk av beskyttelsesutstyr. • Det store genetiske mangfoldet blant influensavirus som sirkulerer hos ville fugler, virusets evne til å endre seg, og begrenset kunnskap om det nylig introduserte A(H5N1-) viruset, gjør at det er en middels usikkerhet i vurderingene. • Det er viktig å følge med på endringer i A(H5N1)-viruset som kan medføre økt smitteevne til mennesker. • God biosikkerhet i kommersielle fjørfebesetninger i områder med utbrudd er viktig for å forebygge smitte til nye besetninger, andre dyr og mennesker.publishedVersio

A common framework for using and reporting consumer purchase data (CPD) in foodborne outbreak investigations in Europe

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Consumer purchase data (CPD) can be a powerful tool in the investigation of foodborne outbreaks through analyses of electronic records of food that individuals buy. The objective of this study was to develop a common framework for use of CPD in foodborne outbreak investigations using the expertise of European public health professionals from 11 European countries. We also aimed to describe barriers and limitations preventing CPD utilization. CPD are mainly gathered from supermarket loyalty programmes, smaller consortia, and independent supermarkets. Privacy legislation governing CPD was perceived as the most crucial barrier for CPD usage, but still resolvable. The main practical challenges were obtaining consumer consent for CPD usage, the associated workload, data access, format, and analysis. Harmonising methods and reporting across countries, standardised consent forms and electronic consent methods were identified as solutions. This guideline was developed to support outbreak investigators in overcoming barriers in using CPD, thereby increasing public health professionals’ application and value of this powerful investigation tool. In addition, we hope this framework will lead to more public health institutions, in collaboration with food safety authorities, making use of CPD in outbreak investigations in the future.Peer reviewe

Risk ranking and source attribution of food- and waterborne pathogens for surveillance purposes

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