Language Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis

Communicating ability is one of the necessary social needs in human, and language is a critical part of daily connections and communications. Language is impaired by different central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). MS leads to a language disorder by creating some plaques in subcortical constructions such as naming problems, semantic errors, and circumlocutory naming errors, semantic paraphasia, nonfluent speech, and grammatical and syntactic problems such as reduced mean maximum length of sentences and the number of spoken words and impairment in high-level language skills

Investigando o efeito do alinhamento entre o gerenciamento de portfólios e a estratégia da organização no sucesso de portfólios em uma empresa de petróleo e gás

The aim of this study was the effect of alignment between portfolios management and strategy of the organization on portfolios success in Iranian Oil & Gas Company. This study was applied and correlational. In the first phase, using previous literature and interviewing the elites, the indicators were identified then proposed a questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed using experts’ ideas as well as convergent validity and the reliability of questionnaires was obtained as 0.81 using Cronbach’s alpha. In the next phase, to test model and investigate the alignment status of research statistical population that is the company, 99 managers and employees were selected as sample. To analyze data, structural equation test through PLS software was used. The results showed that:1-Strategic alignment of portfolios and the strategy of organization affects the portfolio’s success positively and has a significant relationship with it.2-Strategic alignment of portfolios and the strategy of organization affects the realization of organization benefits positively and has a significant relationship with it. 3-The portfolios success aff ects the realization of organization benefits positively and has a significant relationship with it.El objetivo de este estudio fue el efecto de la alineación entre la gestión de carteras y la estrategia de la organización sobre el éxito de las carteras en Iranian Oil & Gas Company. Este estudio fue aplicado y correlacional. En la primera fase, utilizando literatura previa y entrevistando a las élites, se identificaron los indicadores y luego se propuso un cuestionario, cuya validez se confirmó con ideas de expertos y validez convergente, y la confiabilidad de los cuestionarios se obtuvo como 0,81 usando alfa de Cronbach. En la siguiente fase, para probar el modelo e investigar el estado de alineación de la población estadística de investigación que es la empresa, se seleccionaron 99 gerentes y empleados como muestra. Para analizar los datos, se utilizó la prueba de ecuación estructural a través del software PLS. Los resultados mostraron que:1-La alineación estratégica de las carteras y la estrategia de organización afecta positivamente el éxito de la cartera y tiene una relación significativa con ella.2-La alineación estratégica de las carteras y la estrategia de organización afecta positivamente la realización de los beneficios de la organización y tiene una relación significativa con ella.3-El éxito de las carteras afecta positivamente la realización de los beneficios de la organización y tiene una relación significativa con ella.O objetivo deste estudo foi o efeito do alinhamento entre o gerenciamento de portfólios e a estratégia da organização sobre o sucesso dos portfólios na Iranian Oil & Gas Company. Este estudo foi aplicado e correlacional. Na primeira fase, utilizando a literatura prévia e entrevistando as elites, os indicadores foram identificados e, em seguida, proposto um questionário, cuja validade foi confirmada por meio de idéias de especialistas e validade convergente e a confiabilidade dos questionários foi obtida em 0,81 usando o alfa de Cronbach. Na fase seguinte, para testar o modelo e investigar o status de alinhamento da população estatística da pesquisa que é a empresa, 99 gestores e funcionários foram selecionados como amostra. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste de equações estruturais por meio do software PLS. Os resultados mostraram que:1-Alinhamento estratégico de portfólios e a estratégia de organização afeta positivamente o sucesso do portfólio e tem uma relação significativa com ele.2-O alinhamento estratégico de portfólios e a estratégia de organização afetam positivamente a realização dos benefícios da organização e possuem uma relação significativa com ela.3 - O sucesso das carteiras afeta positivamente a realização dos benefícios da organização e tem relação significativa com ela

Effect of hydraulic conductivity and permeability on drug distribution, an investigation based on a part of a real tissue

In this study, a computational simulation is employed to place two essential parameters, the permeability of vessels and hydraulic conductivity, under assessment. These parameters impact the movement of drug particles through vessels, and normal and tumoral tissue to examine the concentration of nanoparticles, interstitial pressure, and velocity. To provide a geometric model detailing the capillary network under normal and tumoral tissue conditions, the geometry is extracted via real image processing. Subsequently, the real conditions were considered to solve the equations pertaining to drug transport and intravascular and interstitial flows in the tissue. The results showed that an increase in permeability and hydraulic conductivity leads to an increase in drug concentration in the tumor. Finally, Methotrexate drug has the most effect in the treatment of tumors. Overall, the computational model for anti-cancer delivery provides a powerful tool for understanding and optimizing drug delivery strategies for the treatment of cancer.Comment: 15 page

Bidirectional User Throughput Maximization Based on Feedback Reduction in LiFi Networks

Channel adaptive signalling, which is based on feedback, can result in almost any performance metric enhancement. Unlike the radio frequency (RF) channel, the optical wireless communications (OWCs) channel is fairly static. This feature enables a potential improvement of the bidirectional user throughput by reducing the amount of feedback. Light-Fidelity (LiFi) is a subset of OWCs, and it is a bidirectional, high-speed and fully networked wireless communication technology where visible light and infrared are used in downlink and uplink respectively. In this paper, two techniques for reducing the amount of feedback in LiFi cellular networks are proposed, i) Limited-content feedback (LCF) scheme based on reducing the content of feedback information and ii) Limited-frequency feedback (LFF) based on the update interval scheme that lets the receiver to transmit feedback information after some data frames transmission. Furthermore, based on the random waypoint (RWP) mobility model, the optimum update interval which provides maximum bidirectional user equipment (UE) throughput, has been derived. Results show that the proposed schemes can achieve better average overall throughput compared to the benchmark one-bit feedback and full-feedback mechanisms.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communication

Terminal Orientation in OFDM-based LiFi Systems

Light-fidelity (LiFi) is a wireless communication technology that employs both infrared and visible light spectra to support multiuser access and user mobility. Considering the small wavelength of light, the optical channel is affected by the random orientation of a user equipment (UE). In this paper, a random process model for changes in the UE orientation is proposed based on data measurements. We show that the coherence time of the random orientation is in the order of hundreds of milliseconds. Therefore, an indoor optical wireless channel can be treated as a slowly-varying channel as its delay spread is typically in the order of nanoseconds. A study of the orientation model on the performance of direct-current-biased orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (DC-OFDM) is also presented. The performance analysis of the DC-OFDM system incorporates the effect of diffuse link due to reflection and blockage by the user. The results show that the diffuse link and the blockage have significant effects, especially if the UE is located relatively far away from an access point (AP). It is shown that the effect is notable if the horizontal distance between the UE and the AP is greater than $1.5$ m in a typical $5\times3.5\times3$ m$^3$ indoor room.Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl

Comparison of Stresses Induced by Fiber Post, Parapost and Casting Post in Root Canals by Photoelasticity Method

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have been performed to evaluate the stress distribution around endodontic posts; those which compared posts composed of different materials are rare. The aim of this study was to compare stresses induced in dentin by three structurally different posts using photoelasticity method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine blocks of PSM-5 Photoelastic material with 45×45×10 mm dimension were prepared. In each block, a canal 9 mm in length and 0.8 mm in width was drilled. Blocks were divided into 3 groups of three each. In the first group, the canals were prepared for insertion of Fiber Post with 1.25 mm width. In the second group, the canals were prepared for insertion of ParaPost with 1.25 mm width and the canals in the third group were prepared for casting post similar to the above samples. Casting Post pattern was made by Duralay resin and casted by Ni-Cr alloy. All posts were cemented in canals with Panavia cement. The stresses were evaluated in the polariscope under three different conditions: 1) without load, 2) with 135 N vertical load, and 3) with 90 N oblique load (26° inclination to post long axis). The fringe orders in the cervical, middle and apical regions of the posts were evaluated and compared with each other.RESULTS: Application of the vertical load induced a high stress concentration (FO=4) in the apical region of the ParaPost, while lower stress was observed in the middle (FO=2) and cervical region (FO=2+). Fiber Post and Casting Post showed even stress distribution (FO=2+). High stress concentration was detected with the application of oblique force in the cervical region of ParaPost (FO=5) and Casting Post (FO=3+). Fiber Posts fractured before reaching 90-N loading force. CONCLUSION: The stress distribution around Fiber Post and Casting Post were constant in comparison with ParaPost. Fiber Post with 1.25 mm width was not recommended in situations with high oblique stresses