Przekład tekstów skonwencjonalizowanych – wybrane problemy

The article presents the issue of translation of conventionalized texts as perceived by a translatologist. First of all, it attempts at answering the question on the nature and features of conventionalized texts and then it tries to describe the problems that might be encountered during the translation process. Those problems are the following: lack of language model, apparently common models and diff erences of language models on the structural, pragmatic, lexical and stylistic levels. Frequently, these problems appear at the same time. The translator is capable of facing them only when he has textual and cultural competence.Artykuł przedstawia problematykę tekstów skonwencjonalizowanych z punktu widzenia translatologa. Stara się w pierwszej kolejności odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czym są teksty skonwencjonalizowane, a następnie opisać problemy, jakie może stwarzać ich przekład

Profils du concept de Pologne dans la revue Polska en 1968. Étude des textes de propagande extérieure à destination des lecteurs du premier, du second et du tiers monde

This paper examines the profiles of the concept of Poland based on a corpus of foreign propaganda texts published in French and Slovak in 1968. The texts analysed come from three magazines: La Pologne, Polsko and La Revue Polonaise, created by political decision of the communist leaders to disseminate     a positive image of Poland abroad. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the three profiles of the concept of Poland, aimed at first, second and third-world audiences, are different from each other due to differences motivated by extra-linguistic factors, and in particular, the various objectives of the country’s foreign policy. The study is inspired by the work of the Lublin School of Ethnolinguistics on the linguistic representation of reality. Its methods make it possible to identify variants of the representation of an object through the examination of textual data, such as the ways of naming it, the semantic relations of synonymy and antonymy, or the series of its aspects mobilised in the discourse.This paper examines the profiles of the concept of Poland based on a corpus of foreign propaganda texts published in French and Slovak in 1968. The texts analysed come from three magazines: La Pologne, Polsko and La Revue Polonaise, created by political decision of the communist leaders to disseminate     a positive image of Poland abroad. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the three profiles of the concept of Poland, aimed at first, second and third-world audiences, are different from each other due to differences motivated by extra-linguistic factors, and in particular, the various objectives of the country’s foreign policy. The study is inspired by the work of the Lublin School of Ethnolinguistics on the linguistic representation of reality. Its methods make it possible to identify variants of the representation of an object through the examination of textual data, such as the ways of naming it, the semantic relations of synonymy and antonymy, or the series of its aspects mobilised in the discourse

Les traducteurs assermentés polonais vus par eux-mêmes

Polish sworn translators’ self -portraitThe article presents the results of a survey conducted among sworn translators of French concerning the education of translators and their attitude to their profession. A vast majority of the respondents did not have an opportunity to take part in special courses for future translators, which were rare in Poland before the 1990s, and they developed their professional competence themselves. Significantly, some self-taught translators are reluctant to share their knowledge with colleagues and students. They believe that their knowledge and skills are something they have worked to achieve on their own for many years. Many responses can be summed up by a description of the translator’s profession as craft an expression used by one of the translators, in which experience is gained thanks to hard work on one’s own, work that is not well paid. The opinions presented in the survey may evolve with time, e.g. thanks to the adoption of the Act on the profession of sworn translators, which is speeding up the professionalisation of this métier. The self-portrait of sworn translators may change in 10Polish sworn translators’ self -portraitThe article presents the results of a survey conducted among sworn translators of French concerning the education of translators and their attitude to their profession. A vast majority of the respondents did not have an opportunity to take part in special courses for future translators, which were rare in Poland before the 1990s, and they developed their professional competence themselves. Significantly, some self-taught translators are reluctant to share their knowledge with colleagues and students. They believe that their knowledge and skills are something they have worked to achieve on their own for many years. Many responses can be summed up by a description of the translator’s profession as craft an expression used by one of the translators, in which experience is gained thanks to hard work on one’s own, work that is not well paid. The opinions presented in the survey may evolve with time, e.g. thanks to the adoption of the Act on the profession of sworn translators, which is speeding up the professionalisation of this métier. The self-portrait of sworn translators may change in 1

Traduire les termes du domaine de l’éducation. Sur l’exemple du diplôme de baccalauréat

Translation of education-related terms. As seen in translations of certificates of secondary education The aim of the article is to analyse translations into French of selected terms from certificates of secondary education. Terms such as academic degrees, names of certificates, schools or positions held by school staff are closely connected to the education system in a given country. The incompatibility of the Polish and French education systems causes some terminological problems translators try to overcome, looking for solutions in various sources. As a result, one Polish term may have a number of French equivalents. It seems useful to create a model translation of the Polish document, though this will not solve all untypical problems related to terminology and translation, problems translators may encounter in their work.Translation of education-related terms. As seen in translations of certificates of secondary education The aim of the article is to analyse translations into French of selected terms from certificates of secondary education. Terms such as academic degrees, names of certificates, schools or positions held by school staff are closely connected to the education system in a given country. The incompatibility of the Polish and French education systems causes some terminological problems translators try to overcome, looking for solutions in various sources. As a result, one Polish term may have a number of French equivalents. It seems useful to create a model translation of the Polish document, though this will not solve all untypical problems related to terminology and translation, problems translators may encounter in their work

Fuir la périphérie, ou comment la Pologne a voulu créer son image dans le premier, le second et le tiers monde. Étude des traductions des mensuels « La Pologne », « Polsko » et « La Revue Polonaise » en 1968

The paper deals with the image strategies of People’s Poland as a peripheral country based on an analysis of the elements of its foreign cultural policy carried out through translations in 1968. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of the three versions of the review Polska. Czasopismo Ilustrowane [Poland. Illustrated Magazine], created to promote Poland in the world, is based on P. Bourdieu’s concept of capital. We start from two hypotheses: the first one about the valuation of cultural capital in the versions of the review addressed to capitalist (La Pologne. Revue Mensuelle) and socialist (Polsko. Obrázkový časopis) countries. The second — on the promotion of Poland’s economic and political capital in the version for “third world countries” (La Revue Polonaise. Magazine Illustré). Generally, both hypotheses are confirmed. The analysis also shows variations of the image strategies depending on the target readers: westernisation (emphasis on cultural ties to the West) and victimisation (Poland as a victim of history) in the version for the “first world”; strategy of utopia (emphasis on the achievements of a socialist country) in the version for the “second world”; idealisation (Poland as a peaceful, economically developed country) in the “third world” version. These strategies correspond to the key word of the political elites’ policy, “fleeing the periphery”.The paper deals with the image strategies of People’s Poland as a peripheral country based on an analysis of the elements of its foreign cultural policy carried out through translations in 1968. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of the three versions of the review Polska. Czasopismo Ilustrowane [Poland. Illustrated Magazine], created to promote Poland in the world, is based on P. Bourdieu’s concept of capital. We start from two hypotheses: the first one about the valuation of cultural capital in the versions of the review addressed to capitalist (La Pologne. Revue Mensuelle) and socialist (Polsko. Obrázkový časopis) countries. The second — on the promotion of Poland’s economic and political capital in the version for “third world countries” (La Revue Polonaise. Magazine Illustré). Generally, both hypotheses are confirmed. The analysis also shows variations of the image strategies depending on the target readers: westernisation (emphasis on cultural ties to the West) and victimisation (Poland as a victim of history) in the version for the “first world”; strategy of utopia (emphasis on the achievements of a socialist country) in the version for the “second world”; idealisation (Poland as a peaceful, economically developed country) in the “third world” version. These strategies correspond to the key word of the political elites’ policy, “fleeing the periphery”.The paper deals with the image strategies of People’s Poland as a peripheral country based on an analysis of the elements of its foreign cultural policy carried out through translations in 1968. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of the three versions of the review Polska. Czasopismo Ilustrowane [Poland. Illustrated Magazine], created to promote Poland in the world, is based on P. Bourdieu’s concept of capital. We start from two hypotheses: the first one about the valuation of cultural capital in the versions of the review addressed to capitalist (La Pologne. Revue Mensuelle) and socialist (Polsko. Obrázkový časopis) countries. The second — on the promotion of Poland’s economic and political capital in the version for “third world countries” (La Revue Polonaise. Magazine Illustré). Generally, both hypotheses are confirmed. The analysis also shows variations of the image strategies depending on the target readers: westernisation (emphasis on cultural ties to the West) and victimisation (Poland as a victim of history) in the version for the “first world”; strategy of utopia (emphasis on the achievements of a socialist country) in the version for the “second world”; idealisation (Poland as a peaceful, economically developed country) in the “third world” version. These strategies correspond to the key word of the political elites’ policy, “fleeing the periphery”

Les noms propres et les normes de traduction. Sur l’exemple des noms de juridictions civiles françaises et polonaises traduits par les candidats à la profession de traducteur assermenté

PROPER NOUNS AND NORMS IN TRANSLATION. EXAMPLE OF THE TRANSLATION OF NAMES OF FRENCH AND POLISH CIVIL COURTS BY THE CANDIDATES FOR THE PROFESSIONOF A SWORN TRANSLATORThe aim of this article is to analyze how the names of civil courts are treated in the examination tests for sworn translator candidates in Poland. The analysis is an attempt to distinguish useful norms for the evaluation of the translations performed during the tests. These norms could also be helpful as didactic support for future translators.Official benchmarks for the evaluation of the exams are presented only in a ministerial order, i.e. in a document which, by nature, remains very general. The only objective way do identify the actual criteria applied by the examination boards is to analyze the results of their evaluation of the examination papers. The analysis of about sixty examination papers for the French-Polish language pair shows that implicit norms for the translation of French and Polish names of civil courts are often less stringent than those explicitly set out in the published benchmarks for translators. But sometimes, the evaluation board does not accept solutions which comply with the norms of the Code of Sworn Translator the main manual for translators, or the same solution is evaluated differently by the board members. These inconsistencies could be eliminated by entrusting the correction of each paper to two evaluators and forcing them to consult on the evaluation mode before correcting.The analysis of the results of the evaluation does not allow setting norms that could be used in the guides for the candidates to the profession of a sworn translator, because the evaluation system is deficient.Our analysis confirms the assumptions of the authors who, on the basis of available data, but without access to corrected examination papers, expressed doubts as to the correctness of the examination. Their assumptions concerning, among others, the development and publication of information on the translation strategy strategies expected by the examination boards and on the details of the scoring system, remain known.PROPER NOUNS AND NORMS IN TRANSLATION. EXAMPLE OF THE TRANSLATION OF NAMES OF FRENCH AND POLISH CIVIL COURTS BY THE CANDIDATES FOR THE PROFESSIONOF A SWORN TRANSLATORThe aim of this article is to analyze how the names of civil courts are treated in the examination tests for sworn translator candidates in Poland. The analysis is an attempt to distinguish useful norms for the evaluation of the translations performed during the tests. These norms could also be helpful as didactic support for future translators.Official benchmarks for the evaluation of the exams are presented only in a ministerial order, i.e. in a document which, by nature, remains very general. The only objective way do identify the actual criteria applied by the examination boards is to analyze the results of their evaluation of the examination papers. The analysis of about sixty examination papers for the French-Polish language pair shows that implicit norms for the translation of French and Polish names of civil courts are often less stringent than those explicitly set out in the published benchmarks for translators. But sometimes, the evaluation board does not accept solutions which comply with the norms of the Code of Sworn Translator the main manual for translators, or the same solution is evaluated differently by the board members. These inconsistencies could be eliminated by entrusting the correction of each paper to two evaluators and forcing them to consult on the evaluation mode before correcting.The analysis of the results of the evaluation does not allow setting norms that could be used in the guides for the candidates to the profession of a sworn translator, because the evaluation system is deficient.Our analysis confirms the assumptions of the authors who, on the basis of available data, but without access to corrected examination papers, expressed doubts as to the correctness of the examination. Their assumptions concerning, among others, the development and publication of information on the translation strategy strategies expected by the examination boards and on the details of the scoring system, remain known

Politically Marked Terms as Quasi-term Words: “Ziemie Odzyskane” / “Les Territoires recouvrés” in a Diachronic Perspective

This contribution is part of the reflection on the connections between language, politics and science and presents a case study on the use of the Polish name “Ziemie Odzyskane” or “ZO” (“Recovered Lands”) and its French version, “Les Territoires recouvrés,” in texts written in those languages. Its aim is to examine whether the name “ZO”, introduced into official discourse by an authoritarian regime, can gain the status of a quasi-term. The study consists of the following three parts: 1) analysis of the political marking of the name “ZO” through the prism of typical features of the Polish newspeak; 2) study of the Polish researchers’ comments about the name “ZO”; 3) preliminary analysis of a sample of French equivalents of the name “ZO” collected in scientific texts. These three steps of the analysis make it possible to understand the term-making process of the name “ZO,” as an unambiguous unit (referring to the former German territories attached to Poland after the 1945 Potsdam agreements) whose use, however, is often accompanied by metatextual markers. The researchers’ distancing from the name “ZO,” shown in the texts by inverted commas or comments, indicates that it can be treated as a quasi-term in the context of linguistic and terminological studies

SolováR. (2019). Przekład jako narzędzie propagandy. Miesięcznik „Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane” w latach 1954—1956 / Translation as a propaganda tool The monthly Poland: Illustrated Magazine in the years 1954—1956. Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich, 9(2), 55-76. https://doi.org/10.31261/PLS.2019.09.02.04

The monthly Poland: Illustrated Magazine was published (with an interruption) from 1954 to 1999. In the period under analysis (1954—1956), apart from its Polish version, the magazine was also published in English, French, Spanish, German, and Russian. The periodical was a product of the export circulation of cultural goods, the aim of which was to export translations of texts published in the country and those specifically intended for foreign readers. The initial task of the monthly was to shape the image of socialist Poland abroad. Through an analysis of texts intended for export, we examine how the monthly was used for propaganda purposes in the years making to the end of Stalinism and the beginning of “the thaw” in Poland