699 research outputs found

    Planning, production, and cost of the marble program of Cartagena's Roman theatre

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    Este trabajo ha sido desarrollado en el marco del proyecto de investigación postdoctoral «Los programas marmóreos en la arquitectura teatral del Occidente romano», financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, en colaboración con la Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología. Asimismo, se incluye en los proyectos de investigación «Roma y las capitales provinciales de Hispania. El arco del Iano y la influencia de la Vrbs en la arquitectura pública de Augusta Emerita» (Ref. nº HAR2009-14314-C03-02) y «Roma y las capitales provinciales de Hispania. La gran arquitectura pública de Carthago Nova» (Ref. nº HAR2009-14314-C03-03), financiados por la Secretaría de Estado de Investigación (Dirección General de Investigación y Gestión del Plan Nacional de I+D+I), cofinanciado con fondos FEDER.Peer reviewe

    Roman marble furniture in Carthago Nova. Production, trade and function

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    [ES]: El presente trabajo aborda el análisis de un selecto conjunto de piezas procedentes del fondo antiguo del Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Cartagena, clasificadas como mobiliario marmóreo y en su mayor parte inéditas. La diversidad tipológica de los objetos nos ha llevado a profundizar en el estudio de algunas de estas producciones, esencialmente soportes decorativos, trapezóforos, candelabros y un amplio repertorio de recipientes relacionados con el servicio doméstico y ritual, que completaron el boato decorativo de los principales ambientes públicos y privados de la ciudad. La caracterización formal de los elementos y la calidad de los materiales empleados en su labra indican que nos encontramos ante una tipo de mobiliario introducido como mercancía de lujo en los circuitos comerciales peninsulares desde mediados del siglo I d.C. Igualmente significativa ha sido la identificación de producciones autóctonas desarrolladas por un artesanado local, que encontrará en las calizas y mármoles explotados en la zona el soporte privilegiado para la elaboración de una amplia variedad de objetos.[EN]: The present work approaches the study of a selection of pieces from the old collection in the archaeological museum of Cartagena. They were classified as marble furniture and most of them have not been published. The typological diversity of the items has permitted the detailed examination of some specific groups, essentially decorative plinths, trapezophori, candelabra and an ample repertoire of domestic and ritual containers, which played an important role in the decoration of both public and private environments in the city. The formal characterisation of the decorative elements and the high quality of the materials used indicate that these were luxury items introduced into the commercial circuits of the peninsular in the early 1st century AD. The identification of local productions has been equally significant, and has permitted the characterisation of the work of local artisans on the high quality marbles and calcareous stones found in the region, resulting in the production of a wide variety of items.Este trabajo se incluye en los proyectos de investigación “Roma y las capitales provinciales de Hispania. El Arco de Iano y la influencia de la Vrbs en la arquitectura pública de Augusta Emerita” (ref. n.º HAR2009-14314-C03-02) y “Roma y las capitales provinciales de Hispania. La gran arquitectura pública de Carthago Nova” (ref. n.º HAR2009-14314-C03-03), financiados por la Secretaría de Estado de Investigación (Dirección General de Investigación y Gestión del Plan Nacional de I+D+I) y el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, y cofinanciado con fondos FEDER.Peer reviewe

    Site-Specific mRNA Cleavage for Selective and Quantitative Profiling of Alternative Splicing with Label-Free Optical Biosensors

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    Alternative splicing of mRNA precursors is a key process in gene regulation, contributing to the diversity of proteomes by the alternative selection of exonic sequences. Alterations in this mechanism are associated with most cancers, enhancing their proliferation and survival, and can be employed as cancer biomarkers. Label-free optical biosensors are ideal tools for the highly sensitive and label-free analysis of nucleic acids. However, their application for alternative splicing analysis has been hampered due to the formation of complex and intricate long-range base-pairing interactions which make the direct detection in mRNA isoforms difficult. To solve this bottleneck, we introduce a methodology for the generation of length-controlled RNA fragments from purified total RNA, which can be easily detected by the biosensor. The methodology seizes RNase H enzyme activity to degrade the upstream and downstream RNA segments flanking the target sequence upon hybridization to specific DNA oligos. It allows the fast and direct monitoring of Fas gene alternative splicing in real time, employing a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. We demonstrate the selective and specific detection of mRNA fragments in the pM-nM concentration range, reducing quantification errors and showing 81% accuracy when compared to RT-qPCR. The site-specific cleavage outperformed random RNA hydrolysis by increasing the detection accuracy by 20%, making this methodology particularly appropriate for label-free quantification of alternative splicing events in complex samples

    Evolutionary trajectories of new duplicated and putative de novo genes

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    The formation of new genes during evolution is an important motor of functional innovation, but the rate at which new genes originate and the likelihood that they persist over longer evolutionary periods are still poorly understood questions. Two important mechanisms by which new genes arise are gene duplication and de novo formation from a previously noncoding sequence. Does the mechanism of formation influence the evolutionary trajectories of the genes? Proteins arisen by gene duplication retain the sequence and structural properties of the parental protein, and thus they may be relatively stable. Instead, de novo originated proteins are often species specific and thought to be more evolutionary labile. Despite these differences, here we show that both types of genes share a number of similarities, including low sequence constraints in their initial evolutionary phases, high turnover rates at the species level, and comparable persistence rates in deeper branchers, in both yeast and flies. In addition, we show that putative de novo proteins have an excess of substitutions between charged amino acids compared with the neutral expectation, which is reflected in the rapid loss of their initial highly basic character. The study supports high evolutionary dynamics of different kinds of new genes at the species level, in sharp contrast with the stability observed at later stages.We acknowledge funding from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Agencia Estatal de Investigación grant PGC2018-094091-B-I00 (cofunded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional), as well as grants PID2021-122726NB-I00 and PID2021-122830OB-C43 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF: A way of making Europe”, by the “European Union”. We also acknowledge funding from Generalitat de Catalunya, grant 2021SGR00042. The work was also funded by the European Union (ERC, NovoGenePop, project number 101052538).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    Label-free plasmonic biosensors for point-of-care diagnostics : a review

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    Introduction: Optical biosensors, particularly those based on nanoplasmonics technology, have emerged in recent decades as a potential solution for disease diagnostics and therapy follow-up at the point-of-care (POC). These biosensor platforms could overcome some of the challenges faced in conventional diagnosis techniques offering label-free assays with immediate results and employing small and user-friendly devices. Areas covered: In this review, we will provide a critical overview of the recent advances in the development of nanoplasmonic biosensors for the POC diagnostics. We focus on those systems with demonstrated capabilities for integration in portable platforms, highlighting some of the most relevant diagnostics applications targeting proteins, nucleic acids, and cells as disease biomarkers. Expert commentary: Despite the attractive features of label-free nanoplasmonic sensors in terms of miniaturization and analytical robustness, the route toward an effective clinical implementation involves the integration of fully automated microfluidic systems for sample processing and analysis, and the optimization of surface biofunctionalization procedures. Additionally, the development of multiplexed sensors for high-throughput analysis and including specific neoantigens and novel biomarkers in detection panels will provide the means for delivering a powerful analytical technology for an accurate and improved medical diagnosis

    Pasado y futuro del clima

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    Los Programas Marco Euratom contemplaron, entre sus temas de investigación, el análisis del cambio climático como base de predicción para evaluar los riesgos en la seguridad de los depósitos de residuos radiactivos, derivados de alteraciones climáticas venideras. Todo parece indicar que el proceso actual de cambio climático no tiene retroceso posible y que habrá que esperar un periodo temporal geológico para acercarse de nuevo a las condiciones que había antes de la revolución industrial. Con todo, parece imprescindible el intento de corrección del impacto del cambio climático, procurando un aterrizaje suave en la nueva situación; quizá ello sólo sea posible siguiendo una receta elemental a base de concienciación social, energías renovables, energía nuclear, y con nuevos proyectos de investigación que permitan determinar cómo se ha registrado la influencia antrópica desde el siglo xix

    Estudio de peso y rendimiento en canal de las razas Sanmartinera, Cebú y sus cruces en los Llanos Orientales.

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    Evalúa el ganado Sanmartinero, Cebú y sus cruces con Charolais, en ganancia de peso, producción de carne y rendimiento en canal. Se utilizaron 18 novillos divididos en 6 grupos de 3 animales cada uno, así: Sanmartinero (SM) y Cebú (C) como razas puras, y Sm x C, C x Sm filial 2 (C x Sm F2), Sm x C F2 y Ch x C x Sm como cruces. Al destete los animales cruzados ganaron 160 gr mas por día que los puros, en el postdestete los puros ganaron mas peso por día que los cruzados. Los pesos promedios al finalizar la ceba en pasto braquiaria fueron: 436, 400, 483, 457, 431 y 468 kg y los pesos al presacrificio después de 24 horas de ayuno fueron: 399, 369, 448, 418, 395 y 429 kg para el Sm, C, Sm x C, C x Sm F2, Sm x C F2 y Ch x C x Sm, respectivamente. En el mismo orden de razas se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: pesos promedios de las canales: 221, 216, 253, 243, 223 y 245 kg, rendimientos en canal: 55, 58, 56, 56, 56 y 57 por ciento, rendimientos en canal en base al peso vacío, sustrayendo el contenido intestinal: 61, 62, 60, 60, 62 y 62 por ciento. Se encontraron diferencias significativas para el peso de las canales entre puros y cruzados. El porcentaje promedio de la merma de los grupos postrefrigeración en 24 horas a 6 grados centígrados fue de 1.76 por ciento. En la evaluación de expendio, se presentaron diferencias significativas para el peso de los cortes de primera, segunda y tercera entre los puros y cruzadosGanado de doble propósito-Ganaderia doble proposit

    Assessing Socio-ecological Systems Using Social Media Data: An Approach for Forested Landscapes in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

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    The purpose of this study was to analyse how visitors valued a socio-ecological system through the use of social media data. We gathered YouTube´s videos of Ushuaia city and its surrounding forested landscapes (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) posted between 2010 and 2020. We used the screen time (seconds) of each video to compare the value of visitors on biophysical, cultural, and biodiversity attributes of the studied socio-ecological system. Each of the visitors registered differently the same attribute (e.g. mountains, forests, signposts, fauna, among others), therefore we assessed the time each visitor spend on any attribute, that was calculated considering the focus and scale through which it was observed. Based on our analyses, we found a diversity of attributes with different valuation data for each visitor. Attributes were classified as biophysical, cultural, and biodiversity variables, and the origin of the visitors (e.g. regions of the world) was also evaluated, with descriptive and multivariate analyses. Results indicated that visitors give more value to biophysical and cultural attributes compared to local biodiversity. These outputs highlight the need to explore and implement alternative methods to assess the socio-ecological values to achieve management objectives, and to include socio-ecological attributes in the study area as key indicators to create better tools and solutions for conservation issues. In this context, we provide a new insight into how visitors can appreciate different socio-ecological values.Fil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Toro Manríquez, Mónica. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Soler Esteban, Rosina Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzo, Cristian A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur. Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambientales y Recursos Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

    Forest canopy-cover composition and landscape influence on bryophyte communities in Nothofagus forests of southern Patagonia

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    Bryophytes (liverworts, mosses and hornworts) are one of the most diverse plant groups worldwide but one of the least studied in temperate forests from an ecological perspective. In comparison to vascular plants, bryophytes have a broader distribution and a longer altitudinal gradient, and their influence on the landscape is poorly understood. The objective was to evaluate environmental drivers that can influence bryophyte cover, richness, diversity, and nestedness in different forest canopy compositions in two typical landscapes across the natural distribution of bryophytes in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Three natural Nothofagus forest types (pure deciduous, pure evergreen, and mixed deciduous-evergreen) in two landscapes (coasts 400 m.a.s.l.) were selected (N = 60 plots). In each plot, we established one transect (10 m length) to measure bryophyte cover (pointintercept method). Data were evaluated using generalized linear mixed models and multivariate analyses. The studied environmental drivers were mainly explained by the microclimate, with higher effective annual precipitation and relative air humidity in the coastal forests and higher soil moisture in the mountain forests. Greater liverwort richness was found in evergreen forests at the mountain (9 species) than at the coastal, while mosses showed higher richness in mixed deciduous-evergreen forests at the coastal (11 species) than at the mountain. However, the expected richness according to the rarefaction/extrapolation curves suggested that it is possible to record additional species, except for liverworts in pure deciduous forests on the coasts. Similarities and differences among the studied forest types and among plots of the same forest type and landscape were detected. These differences in the studied indexes (similarity that varied between 0 and 1) ranged from 0.09- 0.48 for liverworts and 0.05-0.65 for mosses. Moreover, these results indicated that pure evergreen and mixed deciduous-evergreen forests presented higher moss cover (10.7% and 10.0%, respectively), mainly in the mountains than on the coast. These outputs highlight the need to explore differences at greater altitudinal ranges to achieve sustainability objectives conservation planning for bryophytes in southernmost forests.Fil: Toro Manríquez, Mónica del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Ardiles, Víctor. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Santiago; ChileFil: Promis, Álvaro. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Soler Esteban, Rosina Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

    Inferring population dynamic trends of Nothofagus pumilio and N. betuloides in coastal and mountain forests of Tierra del Fuego: contrasting from flowering to seedling survival through several reproductive cycles

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    Transition from fower to seedling encompasses major processes that defne the success of the tree regeneration, and consequently, its study is crucial in the context of forest management. Here, we analysed the transition probability of the reproductive cycle of two Nothofagus species, which formed pure and mixed forests in coastal and mountain geographic locations of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Pure deciduous N. pumilio (Np), pure evergreen N. betuloides (Nb), and mixed N. pumilio–N. betuloides (M) forests in coasts and mountains (3 forest types×2 geographic locations×20 replicas=120 replicas) were evaluated. Reproductive structures (female fowers, fruits, seeds, sound seeds, emerged seedlings and surviving seedlings up to 2 years) were studied since 2012–2018. Our results suggested that transition probabilities from fower to surviving seedlings varied inter-annually between N. pumilio and N. betuloides. The hazard ratio in the transition showed an infuence of the cohorts and the geographic location on N. pumilio, while forest type and geographic location infuenced on N. betuloides. Flower to fruits and seed to seedling were the most critical process in all forest types and locations. Cumulative transition probabilities (female fowers to 2-year-old seedlings) for N. pumilio were 0.3–46.2% in Np and 1.4–30.2% in M, and pure and mixed forests reached similar probabilities only in cohort 3. For N. betuloides, these were 2.8–24.4% in Nb and 0.0–6.5% in M. Both Nothofagus species showed a better performance of pure forests in mountains (15.9–46.2% Np; 3.8–24.8% Nb) than in coasts (0.3–16.1% Np; 2.8–5.3% Nb). Through this integrated approach, considering the full reproductive cycle, it is possible to quantify the infuence of canopy composition and inter-annual variability in natural forest dynamic, and allows to identify the critical stages of tree recruitment in pure and mixed Nothofagus forests.Fil: Toro Manríquez, Mónica del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Ulterarius Consultores Ambientales y Científicos Ltda; ChileFil: Soler Esteban, Rosina Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Ulterarius Consultores Ambientales y Científicos Ltda; Chile. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Promis, Álvaro. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Blazina, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin
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