28 research outputs found
गुजरात के सागर तट की समुद्री शैवाल विविधता
गुजरात के सागर तट की समुद्री शैवाल विविधत
A cross-sectional study of factors affecting seasonality in bipolar disorder
Background. Researchers have evinced interest in the effect of seasonal variations on mood and behavioural patterns in affective disorders.
Objective. To study seasonality in bipolar disorder (BD) patients and also the factors affecting this seasonality.
Method. Forty-nine patients with BD in euthymic phase were recruited and analysed using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire.
Results. Most of the patients were morning types but chronotype had no influence on seasonality. Age of patient and number of episodes were the most important factors affecting seasonality in BD.
Conclusion. Seasonality and its influencing factors must be considered while managing bipolar disorder
भारतीय तटीय जल में तेल प्रदूषण की स्थिति
भारतीय तटीय जल में तेल प्रदूषण की स्थित
Genome Characteristics Reveal the Biocontrol Potential of Actinobacteria Isolated From Sugarcane Rhizosphere
To understand the beneficial interaction of sugarcane rhizosphere actinobacteria in
promoting plant growth and managing plant diseases, this study investigated the
potential role of sugarcane rhizospheric actinobacteria in promoting plant growth and
antagonizing plant pathogens. We isolated 58 actinobacteria from the sugarcane
rhizosphere, conducted plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics research, and
tested the pathogenic fungi in vitro. Results showed that BTU6 (Streptomyces
griseorubiginosus), the most representative strain, regulates plant defense enzyme
activity and significantly enhances sugarcane smut resistance by regulating stress
resistance-related enzyme (substances (POD, PAL, PPO, TP) in sugarcane) activity in
sugarcane. The genomic evaluation indicated that BTU6 has the ability to biosynthesize
chitinase, b-1,3-glucanase, and various secondary metabolites and plays an essential
role in the growth of sugarcane plants under biotic stress. Potential mechanisms of
the strain in improving the disease resistance of sugarcane plants and its potential
in biodegrading exogenous chemicals were also revealed. This study showed the
importance of sugarcane rhizosphere actinobacteria in microbial ecology and plant
growth promotion
High-Throughput Sequencing-Based Analysis of Rhizosphere and Diazotrophic Bacterial Diversity Among Wild Progenitor and Closely Related Species of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Inter-Specific Hybrids)
Considering the significant role of genetic background in plant-microbe interactions and
that most crop rhizospheric microbial research was focused on cultivars, understanding
the diversity of root-associated microbiomes in wild progenitors and closely related
crossable species may help to breed better cultivars. This study is aimed to fill a critical
knowledge gap on rhizosphere and diazotroph bacterial diversity in the wild progenitors
of sugarcane, the essential sugar and the second largest bioenergy crop globally. Using a
high-throughput sequencing (HTS) platform, we studied the rhizosphere and diazotroph
bacterial community of SaccharumofficinarumL. cv. Badila (BRS), Saccharumbarberi (S.
barberi) Jesw. cv Pansahi (PRS), Saccharum robustum [S. robustum; (RRS), Saccharum
spontaneum (S. spontaneum); SRS], and Saccharum sinense (S. sinense) Roxb. cv Uba
(URS) by sequencing their 16S rRNA and nifH genes. HTS results revealed that a total
of 6,202 bacteria-specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, that were
distributed as 107 bacterial groups. Out of that, 31 rhizobacterial families are commonly
spread in all five species. With respect to nifH gene, S. barberi and S. spontaneum
recorded the highest and lowest number of OTUs, respectively. These results were
validated by quantitative PCR analysis of both genes. A total of 1,099 OTUs were identified for diazotrophs with a core microbiome of 9 families distributed among all the
sugarcane species. The core microbiomes were spread across 20 genera. The increased
microbial diversity in the rhizosphere was mainly due to soil physiochemical properties.
Most of the genera of rhizobacteria and diazotrophs showed a positive correlation,
and few genera negatively correlated with the soil properties. The results showed
that sizeable rhizospheric diversity exists across progenitors and close relatives. Still,
incidentally, the rhizosphere microbial abundance of progenitors of modern sugarcane
was at the lower end of the spectrum, indicating the prospect of Saccharum species
introgression breeding may further improve nutrient use and disease and stress tolerance
of commercial sugarcane. The considerable variation for rhizosphere microbiome seen
in Saccharum species also provides a knowledge base and an experimental system for
studying the evolution of rhizobacteria-host plant association during crop domestication
Sugarcane-Legume Intercropping Can Enrich the Soil Microbiome and Plant Growth
Soil microbes have a direct impact on plant metabolism and health. The current
study investigates the comparative rhizobiome between sugarcane monoculture and
sugarcane–soybean intercropping. A greenhouse experiment was performed with two
treatments: (1) sugarcane monoculture and (2) sugarcane–soybean intercropped. We
used a high-throughput sequencing (HTS) platform to analyze the microbial community.
We used the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer region primers to identify
the microbial diversity. HTS results revealed that a total of 2,979 and 124 bacterial and
fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed, respectively.Microbial diversity
results concluded that the intercropping system has a beneficial impact on soil microbes.
The highest numbers of bacterial and fungal OTUs were found in the intercropping
system, and these results also collaborated with quantitative PCR results. Additionally,
intercropped sugarcane plants showed a higher weight of above- and below-ground
parts than the monoculture. Soil chemical analysis results also complemented that the
intercropping systemnourished organic carbon, total nitrogen, and soil enzyme activities.
Correlation analysis of the diversity index and abundance concluded that soil nutrient
content positively influenced the microbial abundance that improves plant growth. The
present study frames out the profound insights of microbial community interaction
under the sugarcane–soybean intercropping system. This information could help improve
or increase the sugarcane crop production without causing any negative impact on
sugarcane plant growth and development
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Gene Expression Pattern That Contributes to Sugarcane Bud Propagation Induced by Indole-3-Butyric Acid
Sugarcane is a cash crop that plays an integral part in the sugar industry. The Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) has been adopted globally, ensuring enough and aiming for more yield, helping increase disease-free sugarcane cultivation. Single-bud seeds could be the best approach for sugarcane cultivation. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is a rooting agent utilized significantly in seedling propagation. Greenhouse experiment results discovered the significant growth promotion in sugarcane seedlings and accumulation of plant hormones at 100 ppm IBA. Next, we performed transcriptomic analysis of sugarcane buds using RNA sequencing and compared their gene expression during root development due to affect of IBA (100 ppm). A total of 113,475 unigenes were annotated with an average length of 836 bp (N50 = 1,536). The comparative RNA-seq study between the control (CK) and IBA-treated (T) buds showed significant differentially expressed unigenes (494 upregulated and 2086 downregulated). The IBA influenced major biological processes including metabolic process, the cellular process, and single-organism process. For cellular component category, cell, cell part, organelle, membrane, and organelle part were mainly affected. In addition, catalytic activity and binding were primarily affected in the molecular function categories. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to plant hormones and signaling pathways was analyzed by qRT-PCR, which was consistent with the RNA-seq expression profile. This study provides new insights into the IBA response to the bud sprouting in sugarcane based on RNA sequencing, and generated information could help further research on breeding improvement of sugarcane
Economic evaluation protocol of a short, all-oral bedaquiline-containing regimen for the treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis from the STREAM trial
Introduction: A December 2019 WHO rapid communication recommended the use of 9-month all-oral regimens for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Besides the clinical benefits, they are thought to be less costly than the injectable-containing regimens, for both the patient and the health system. STREAM is the first randomised controlled trial with an economical evaluation to compare all-oral and injectable-containing 9–11-month MDR-TB treatment regimens. Methods and analysis: Health system costs of delivering a 9-month injectable-containing regimen and a 9-month all-oral bedaquiline-containing regimen will be collected in Ethiopia, India, Moldova and Uganda, using ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ costing approaches. Patient costs will be collected using questionnaires that have been developed based on the STOP-TB questionnaire. The primary objective of the study is to estimate the cost utility of the two regimens, from a health system perspective. Secondary objectives include estimating the cost utility from a societal perspective as well as evaluating the cost-effectiveness of the regimens, using both health system and societal perspectives. The effect measure for the cost–utility analysis will be the quality-adjusted life years (QALY), while the effect measure for the cost-effectiveness analysis will be the efficacy outcome from the clinical trial. Ethics and dissemination: The study has been evaluated and approved by the Ethics Advisory Group of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease and also approved by ethics committees in all participating countries. All participants have provided written informed consent. The results of the economic evaluation will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number: ISRCTN18148631
Economic evaluation of shortened, bedaquiline-containing treatment regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (STREAM stage 2) : a within-trial analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Background:
The STREAM stage 2 trial assessed two bedaquiline-containing regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a 9-month all-oral regimen and a 6-month regimen containing an injectable drug for the first 2 months. We did a within-trial economic evaluation of these regimens.
Methods:
STREAM stage 2 was an international, phase 3, non-inferiority randomised trial in which participants with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis were randomly assigned (1:2:2:2) to the 2011 WHO regimen (terminated early), a 9-month injectable-containing regimen (control regimen), a 9-month all-oral regimen with bedaquiline (oral regimen), or a 6-month regimen with bedaquiline and an injectable for the first 2 months (6-month regimen). We prospectively collected direct and indirect costs and health-related quality of life data from trial participants until week 76 of follow-up. Cost-effectiveness of the oral and 6-month regimens versus control was estimated in four countries (oral regimen) and two countries (6-month regimen), using health-related quality of life for cost-utility analysis and trial efficacy for cost-effectiveness analysis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN18148631.
Findings:
300 participants were included in the economic analyses (Ethiopia, 61; India, 142; Moldova, 51; Uganda, 46). In the cost-utility analysis, the oral regimen was not cost-effective in Ethiopia, India, Moldova, and Uganda from either a provider or societal perspective. In Moldova, the oral regimen was dominant from a societal perspective. In the cost-effectiveness analysis, the oral regimen was likely to be cost-effective from a provider perspective at willingness-to-pay thresholds per additional favourable outcome of more than US1900 in India, 7900 in Uganda, and from a societal perspective at thresholds of more than 3150 in India, and 1·81 to $1·00 per tablet made the oral regimen cost-effective in the provider-perspective cost-utility analysis in India and Moldova and dominate over the control regimen in the provider-perspective cost-effectiveness analysis in India.
Interpretation:
At current costs, the oral bedaquiline-containing regimen for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis is unlikely to be cost-effective in many low-income and middle-income countries. The 6-month regimen represents a cost-effective alternative if injectable use for 2 months is acceptable.
Funding:
USAID and Janssen Research & Development