Técnicas cirúrgicas no combate a obesidade mórbida

O objetivo deste estudo foi focalizar as técnicas cirúrgicas aplicáveis no tratamento da obesidade mórbida,relatando as indicações e contra-indicações de cada técnica. Dentre estes tratamentos cirúrgicos estão as técnicas: 1) restritivas,que restringem a ingestão alimentar por diminuição do volume do estômago e que são compostas pela cerclagem dentária,pelo balão intragástrico, pela gastroplastia restritiva de Mason e pela banda gástrica ajustável por laparoscopia; 2) as técnicasdisabsortivas (má absortivas), que permite o paciente comer, no entanto, atrapalham a absorção dos nutrientes, através dodesvio de uma boa parte do caminho que os alimentos tem que cursar e, por fi m, 3) as técnicas mistas (hídricas), que associamum pouco de restrição a ingestão do bolo alimentar com um pouco de disabsorção, ou seja, um desvio intestinal menor, sendoas técnicas de Capella e Fobbi as mais utilizadas neste tratamento e também consideradas o “padrão ouro” das operações paraobesidade mórbida

Efeito da Alteração Ambiental sobre Componentes Psicológicos e Parâmetros Fisiológicos durante Corrida em Atletas

It was evaluated the effect of environmental alteration in affect, perceived exertion and in physiological parameters during treadmill running in athletes. Eighteen handball players participated in four running experimental sessions (baseline, fragmented overrated and unknown) for 20 minutes. It was analyzed: affect, rating of perceived exertion, heart rate and cortisol. Information about the running duration was manipulated. It was observed a statistically significant increase in affect during the treadmill running for the “fragmented” and “overrated ” sessions, as well as in salivary cortisol level at the 11th minute of running. The control of athletes’ affective behavior seems to relieve physiological damage when facing unknown opponents and uncertain game conditions.Avaliou-se o efeito da alteração ambiental no afeto, percepção subjetiva do esforço e em parâmetros fisiológicos durante a corrida em atletas. Dezoito atletas de handebol atenderam a quatro sessões experimentais de corrida na esteira (linha de base, fragmentada, superestimada e indefinida) de 20 minutos. Foram avaliados: afeto, percepção subjetiva do esforço, frequência cardíaca e cortisol. Manipulou-se a informação sobre a duração da corrida. Verificou-se um aumento estatisticamente significativo para o afeto no decorrer da corrida das sessões “fragmentada” e “superestimada”, assim como no nível de cortisol salivar aos 11 minutos da corrida. O controle do comportamento afetivo dos atletas parece amenizar desgastes fisiológicos frente a adversários desconhecidos e condições indefinidas de jogo

Características Neuromotoras e Alterações nos Parâmetros Funcionais de Atletas de Futsal Durante Temporada

O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever as características funcionais e neuromotoras de atletas de futsal, assim como identificar as alterações nestes parâmetros durante temporada. Para isto são avaliados 12 atletas profissionais de nível estadual. A amostra é submetida à avaliação para determinação da potência aeróbia e anaeróbia alática, agilidade, potência de membros inferiores em plano vertical e horizontal, resistência muscular abdominal e de membros superiores. Os dados são submetidos à estatística descritiva. A comparação dos resultados entre teste e reteste, e entre posições é obtida por meio do teste t de Student, utilizando 5% como nível de significância. Os atletas demonstram excelente resistência muscular abdominal e resistência de membros superiores acima da média, embora estas valências não sejam especificas no futsal. Quanto à potência aeróbia máxima e agilidade, os resultados obtidos são compatíveis com os dos atletas da mesma modalidade. Porém, os índices de potência de membros inferiores mostram-se aquém dos apresentados por jogadores de futsal em outros estudos.  Em relação à distinção quanto ao posicionamento, são encontradas diferenças estatísticas na potência aeróbia entre fixos e pivôs, e entre fixos e goleiros. Na agilidade, são denotadas discrepâncias entre goleiros e pivôs. Quando contrastados os dados obtidos em período preparatório com os do período competitivo, mesmo apresentando melhoras nas valências avaliadas, verifica-se que tais alterações não são estatisticamente significativas

Relationship between of rating of perceived exertion and salivary markers in athletics athletes

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a distribuição das Cargas de Treinamento (CT) pelo método da percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) da sessão e verificar a sua associação com as alterações de marcadores salivares (MS) em atletas de atletismo durante um camping de treinamento. Participaram do estudo, 44 atletas (17,5 ± 2,7 anos; 175,1 ± 9,0 cm; 63,9 ± 10,7 Kg) sendo, 11 velocistas, 11 fundistas, 11 saltadores e 11 arremessadores, avaliados durante oito sessões de treinamento (duração entre 120 e 150 minutos). Amostras de saliva foram colhidas antes e após o camping, avaliando as concentrações de cortisol, proteínas totais e osmolaridade. A PSE foi obtida trinta minutos após cada sessão, utilizando a escala CR10. A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. A comparação entre grupos foi realizada por ANOVA e a correlação entre PSE e MS foi obtida pela correlação de Pearson, adotando p < 0,05. A distribuição das CT apresentaram características ondulatórias e alta variabilidade. Houve aumento na osmolaridade salivar nos velocistas (55,0 ± 14,0 vs. 68,7 ± 22,6 mOsm/L; p=0,003) e saltadores (60,9 ± 17,9 vs. 77,8 ± 18,7 mOsm/L; p=0,001). Os fundistas apresentaram maiores níveis de cortisol (p = 0,007) comparado aos demais grupos. Não foram encontradas correlações entre a PSE da sessão e MS. Sendo assim, a combinação de avaliações perceptuais e fisiológicas deve ser priorizada para um melhor controle e monitoramento de atletas na modalidade de atletismo.The aim of the study was to describe the distribution of training loads (TL) by the method of Subjective Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) sessions and verify your association with the changes of salivary markers (SM) in track and field athletes during a training. Participated in the study 44 athletes (17.5 ± 2.7 years; 175.1 ± 9.0 cm-1; 63.9 ± 10.7 Kg-1) being 11 sprinters, 11 jumpers, 11 runners and 11 athletes shot puts, evaluated for eight training sessions (duration between 120-150 min-1). Saliva samples were collected before and after the camping to evaluate cortisol levels, osmolality and total protein. The RPE was obtained thirty minutes after each session using the CR10 scale. The data normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The comparison between groups was performed by ANOVA one-way and correlation between RPE and SM were obtained by Pearson correlation, considering p < 0.05. The distribution of TL they presented characteristic undulated and variability high. There was an increase in salivary osmolality in sprinters (55.0 ± 14.0 vs. 68.7 ± 22.6 mOsm.L-1; p=0.003) and jumpers (60.9 ± 17.9 vs. 77.8 ± 18.7 mOsm.L-1; p=0.001). The runners presented higher cortisol levels (p=0.007) compared to other groups. There were no correlations between sessions RPE and SM. Thus, the combination of perceptual and physiological assessments should be prioritized for better control and monitoring in athletes athletic

Physical performance, time-motion, technical-tactical analyses, and perceptual responses in brazilian jiu-jitsu matches of varied duration

This study aimed to analyze performance, time structure, technical actions, and perceptual responses of Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes during matches of varied duration. For this, 10 athletes were analyzed in matches of varied duration (2-min, 5-min, 8-min and 10-min). Physical tests (reaction time, maximal isometric handgrip strength, grip strength endurance, vertical jump and sit-and-reach) and perceptive scales (exertion and recovery) were applied before and immediately after a combat. The matches were recorded for technicaltactical analysis and to determine their time structure. The main results showed that alterations were observed for the grip strength with kimono (p=.001), whereas a decrease was observed in the suspension time in the 8-min (p=.017) and 10-min (p=.002) combats compared to pre-match mean values. The rating of perceived exertion was influenced by time (p<.001), with higher values reported after combats of 8-min and 10-min duration compared to 2-min combat (p=.008 and p=.001; respectively). The effort:pause ratio did not differ between the times of combats (p=.472), but the pause time differed according to match duration (p=.004), with higher values observed in the 10-min combats than in the 2-min combats (p=.002). Thus, it was concluded that combats of longer duration resulted in higher perceived exertion, higher pause time and lower strength endurance

Level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and nutritional status of higher education institution servers

Objective: to evaluate the level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and nutritional status of Brazilian higher education institution servers. Method: 134 public servants (80 men and 54 women) were evaluated to estimate body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio (WHR), aerobic fitness and blood pressure at rest. Results: most of the servers were classified as insufficiently active (62%). BMI results show a high prevalence of obesity (39% mild and 33% moderate). WC showed a prevalence of high (30%) and very high risk (27%), and WHR showed a prevalence of high (28%) or very high risk (12%). The ergometric test showed that 41% of the servers presented very poor (17%) or poor (24%) aerobic fitness and 23%, regular aerobic fitness. Considering blood pressure, 15% of the servers presented blood pressure considered as borderline and 30% considered as hypertension. No associations were found between physical condition (active or inactive) with WC (χ2 = 3.4, p = 0.179), WHR (χ2 = 7.0, p = 0.073), aerobic fitness (χ2 = 4.3, p = 0.368) and blood pressure (χ2 = 2.9, p = 0.734). Although no association was observed between physical activity and BMI (χ2 = 7.6, p = 0.062), significance values (p < 0.07) suggested an association trend, with worse ratings for the sedentary group. Closing remarks: among higher education institution servers, there is high prevalence of physical inactivity, obesity and risk factors, and the majority of the sample had aerobic fitness below recommended levels

Level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and nutritional status of higher education institution servers

Objective: to evaluate the level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and nutritional status of Brazilian higher education institution servers. Method: 134 public servants (80 men and 54 women) were evaluated to estimate body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio (WHR), aerobic fitness and blood pressure at rest. Results: most of the servers were classified as insufficiently active (62%). BMI results show a high prevalence of obesity (39% mild and 33% moderate). WC showed a prevalence of high (30%) and very high risk (27%), and WHR showed a prevalence of high (28%) or very high risk (12%). The ergometric test showed that 41% of the servers presented very poor (17%) or poor (24%) aerobic fitness and 23%, regular aerobic fitness. Considering blood pressure, 15% of the servers presented blood pressure considered as borderline and 30% considered as hypertension. No associations were found between physical condition (active or inactive) with WC (χ2 = 3.4, p = 0.179), WHR (χ2 = 7.0, p = 0.073), aerobic fitness (χ2 = 4.3, p = 0.368) and blood pressure (χ2 = 2.9, p = 0.734). Although no association was observed between physical activity and BMI (χ2 = 7.6, p = 0.062), significance values (p < 0.07) suggested an association trend, with worse ratings for the sedentary group. Closing remarks: among higher education institution servers, there is high prevalence of physical inactivity, obesity and risk factors, and the majority of the sample had aerobic fitness below recommended levels

Psihološka, fiziološka i subjektivna reakcija te promjene u fizičkim performansama nakon borbe u brazilskom jiu jitsu

This study aimed to investigate the psychological, physiological, performance and perceptive responses to a regional level Brazilian jiu-jitsu competition. The study included 12 Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes graded blue belt. The psychological responses were measured by the Profile of Mood States – POMS and Sport Competition Anxiety Test – SCAT. Glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate and lactate were determined from blood samples collected at rest and immediately after the fights at the earlobe. Saliva samples were also collected at rest and immediately after the fights to determine cortisol and immunoglobulin A (IgA). Maximal isometric grip strength was tested using a handgrip dynamometer, before and after the fights. Rating of perceived exertion was also assessed after the fights using the 6-20 Borg scale. The athletes were asked to indicate on an anatomical diagram of the anterior and posterior views of the body, the areas they perceived to have experienced most exertion during fights. Before the competition the athletes presented an iceberg profile of mood state and medium competitive anxiety. As a result of the fights, glucose, lactate, cortisol and IgA increased significantly. However, β-hydroxybutyrate level remained constant after the fights. Physical exertion during the match resulted in significant reductions only in the dominant handgrip strength. In addition, the athletes rated the fight as hard and very hard and indicated the forearm, wrist and frontal thigh as the principal points of fatigue. The results indicated that Brazilian jiu-jitsu fights exert a moderate demand on the glycolytic pathway, and caused significant reductions in handgrip strength.Ovom je istraživanju cilj bio utvrditi psihološku, fiziološku i subjektivnu reakciju te promjene u fizičkim performansama natjecatelja tijekom regionalnog natjecanja u brazilskom jiu jitsu. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno dvanaest brazilskih jiu jitsu boraca, nositelja plavog pojasa. Psihološki odgovor ispitanika bio je utvrđen upitnicima Profile of Mood States (POMS) i Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). Razina gukoze, ß-hidroksibutirata i koncentracija laktata mjerena je iz uzorka krvi koja je uzeta iz ušne resice ispitanika u stanju mirovanja i neposredno nakon borbe. Uzorci sline također su prikupljeni u stanju mirovanja i neposredno nakon borbe radi utvrđivanja razine kortizola i imunoglobulina A (IgA). Maksimalna izometrična jakost stiska šake testirana je pomoću ručnog dinamometra, također prije i nakon borbi. Subjektivna procjena opterećenja, mjerena na Borgovoj skali od 6 do 20, također je zabilježena nakon borbi. Ispitanici su na anatomskom prikazu prednje i stražnje strane čovjeka, nakon borbe morali obilježiti dio tijela koji je tijekom borbe bio izložen najvećem opterećenju. Prije natjecanja ispitanici su zabilježili visoke vrijednosti u POMS upitniku te srednje vrijednosti u SCAT upitniku. Kao rezultat borbi, glukoza, laktati, kortizol i IgA su značajno porasli. Ipak, razina ß-hidroksibutirata je ostala nepromijenjena nakon borbi. Fizički napor tijekom borbi rezultirao je značajnim smanjenjem jakosti šake samo dominantne ruke. Ispitanici su borbe ocijenili kao teške i vrlo teške te su istaknuli podlakticu, zapešće i prednji dio natkoljenice kao točke u kojima je zamijećen najveći umor. Rezultati su pokazali da borbe brazilskog jiu jitsa predstavljaju umjerene zahtjeve na glikolitičke mehanizme te uzrokuju značajno opadanje jakosti šake

Metabolic, muscle damage and heart rate responses in brazilian jiu-jitsu matches of varied duration

The aim of this study was to analyze physiological responses in Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes during matches of varied duration. To this end, 10 athletes (age: 29±5 years old, body mass: 77.5±6.3 kg, body fat: 10.0±5.2%, systematic BJJ practice: 10±2 years) were analyzed in matches of varied duration (2-min, 5-min, 8-min and 10-min). Blood collection was performed to determine energetic demands, hormonal responses and muscle damage. The main results showed that a longer duration of combat generated higher lactate (p<.001) and glucose (p=.004) concentrations. However, when the data were corrected for the effort time, higher lactate concentrations (p<.001) and higher heart rates (p<.001) were found in shorter duration combats. No changes were observed concerning insulin (p=.870), triglycerides (p=.219), total cholesterol (p=.170), albumin (p=.060) and urea (p=.772) values. For markers of muscle damage, no alterations were detected for creatine kinase (p=.401). However, evidence of muscle damage was found, as increased lactate desidrogenase (p=.012) and creatinine (p=.002) concentrations were observed, particularly in the matches of a longer duration. Thus, it is concluded that different combat times have a direct influence on the physiological, hormonal and metabolic responses