Provision of production capacity of sugar plants of the Vinnytsia region

 Investigated the current state of development of sugar beet production and sugar in agricultural and processing enterprises of Vinnytsia region, the efficiency of sugar production in the agro-industrial formations and the causes of the crisis in sugar beet production. Made requirements of sugar beet for sugar plants of the Vinnytsia region on the three options for the duration of their work:75 days; 90 days; 100 days. The basic directions of increase of efficiency of activity, identified promising parameters of sugar beet production in the agricultural enterprises of Vinnytsia region. The influence of organizational-economic mechanism on the efficiency of sugar production and usigliano socio-economic importance of the sector through the related challenges.         Key words: organizational and economic mechanism, sugar beets, sugar beets production, productivity, profitability.ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВИРОБНИЧИХ ПОТУЖНОСТЕЙ ЦУКРОВИХ ЗАВОДІВ ВІННИЦЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІкандидати економічних наук, доценти  Жарун  О. В.,  Соколюк  С. Ю., Ткачук  С. П. Уманський національний університет садівництва, Україна, Умань          Досліджено сучасний стан розвитку виробництва цукрових буряків і цукру в сільськогосподарських і переробних підприємствах Вінницької області, визначено ефективність цукробурякового виробництва в аграрно-промислових формуваннях та виявлено причини кризової ситуації у цукробуряковому виробництві. Зроблено розрахунок потреби цукрових буряків для роботи цукрових заводів Вінницької області за трьома варіантами тривалості їх роботи:75 діб; 90 діб; 100 діб. Обґрунтовано напрями підвищення ефективності діяльності, визначено перспективні параметри виробництва цукрових буряків у агроформуваннях Вінницької області. Досліджено вплив організаційно-економічного механізму на ефективність функціонування цукробурякового виробництва та узагальненно суспільно-економічне значення галузі через вирішення відповідних завдань.Ключові слова: організаційно-економічний механізм, цукрові буряки, цукробурякове виробництво, урожайність, рентабельність

Encoding of amplitude modulations by auditory neurons of the locust: influence of modulation frequency, rise time, and modulation depth

Using modulation transfer functions (MTF), we investigated how sound patterns are processed within the auditory pathway of grasshoppers. Spike rates of auditory receptors and primary-like local neurons did not depend on modulation frequencies while other local and ascending neurons had lowpass, bandpass or bandstop properties. Local neurons exhibited broader dynamic ranges of their rate MTF that extended to higher modulation frequencies than those of most ascending neurons. We found no indication that a filter bank for modulation frequencies may exist in grasshoppers as has been proposed for the auditory system of mammals. The filter properties of half of the neurons changed to an allpass type with a 50% reduction of modulation depths. Contrasting to reports for mammals, the sensitivity to small modulation depths was not enhanced at higher processing stages. In ascending neurons, a focus on the range of low modulation frequencies was visible in the temporal MTFs, which describe the temporal locking of spikes to the signal envelope. To investigate the influence of stimulus rise time, we used rectangularly modulated stimuli instead of sinusoidally modulated ones. Unexpectedly, steep stimulus onsets had only small influence on the shape of MTF curves of 70% of neurons in our sample

Ready for O4 II: GRANDMA Observations of Swift GRBs during eight-weeks of Spring 2022

We present a campaign designed to train the GRANDMA network and its infrastructure to follow up on transient alerts and detect their early afterglows. In preparation for O4 II campaign, we focused on GRB alerts as they are expected to be an electromagnetic counterpart of gravitational-wave events. Our goal was to improve our response to the alerts and start prompt observations as soon as possible to better prepare the GRANDMA network for the fourth observational run of LIGO-Virgo-Kagra (which started at the end of May 2023), and future missions such as SM. To receive, manage and send out observational plans to our partner telescopes we set up dedicated infrastructure and a rota of follow-up adcates were organized to guarantee round-the-clock assistance to our telescope teams. To ensure a great number of observations, we focused on Swift GRBs whose localization errors were generally smaller than the GRANDMA telescopes' field of view. This allowed us to bypass the transient identification process and focus on the reaction time and efficiency of the network. During 'Ready for O4 II', 11 Swift/INTEGRAL GRB triggers were selected, nine fields had been observed, and three afterglows were detected (GRB 220403B, GRB 220427A, GRB 220514A), with 17 GRANDMA telescopes and 17 amateur astronomers from the citizen science project Kilonova-Catcher. Here we highlight the GRB 220427A analysis where our long-term follow-up of the host galaxy allowed us to obtain a photometric redshift of $z=0.82\pm0.09$, its lightcurve elution, fit the decay slope of the afterglows, and study the properties of the host galaxy

The GRANDMA network in preparation for the fourth gravitational-wave observing run

GRANDMA is a world-wide collaboration with the primary scientific goal ofstudying gravitational-wave sources, discovering their electromagneticcounterparts and characterizing their emission. GRANDMA involves astronomers,astrophysicists, gravitational-wave physicists, and theorists. GRANDMA is now atruly global network of telescopes, with (so far) 30 telescopes in bothhemispheres. It incorporates a citizen science programme (Kilonova-Catcher)which constitutes an opportunity to spread the interest in time-domainastronomy. The telescope network is an heterogeneous set of already-existingobserving facilities that operate coordinated as a single observatory. Withinthe network there are wide-field imagers that can observe large areas of thesky to search for optical counterparts, narrow-field instruments that dotargeted searches within a predefined list of host-galaxy candidates, andlarger telescopes that are devoted to characterization and follow-up of theidentified counterparts. Here we present an overview of GRANDMA after the thirdobserving run of the LIGO/VIRGO gravitational-wave observatories in $2019-2020$and its ongoing preparation for the forthcoming fourth observational campaign(O4). Additionally, we review the potential of GRANDMA for the discovery andfollow-up of other types of astronomical transients.<br

GRANDMA and HXMT Observations of GRB 221009A -- the Standard-Luminosity Afterglow of a Hyper-Luminous Gamma-Ray Burst

GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) detected in more than 50 years of study. In this paper, we present observations in the X-ray and optical domains after the GRB obtained by the GRANDMA Collaboration (which includes observations from more than 30 professional and amateur telescopes) and the Insight-HXMT Collaboration. We study the optical afterglow with empirical fitting from GRANDMA+HXMT data, augmented with data from the literature up to 60 days. We then model numerically, using a Bayesian approach, the GRANDMA and HXMT-LE afterglow observations, that we augment with Swift-XRT and additional optical/NIR observations reported in the literature. We find that the GRB afterglow, extinguished by a large dust column, is most likely behind a combination of a large Milky-Way dust column combined with moderate low-metallicity dust in the host galaxy. Using the GRANDMA+HXMT-LE+XRT dataset, we find that the simplest model, where the observed afterglow is produced by synchrotron radiation at the forward external shock during the deceleration of a top-hat relativistic jet by a uniform medium, fits the multi-wavelength observations only moderately well, with a tension between the observed temporal and spectral evolution. This tension is confirmed when using the extended dataset. We find that the consideration of a jet structure (Gaussian or power-law), the inclusion of synchrotron self-Compton emission, or the presence of an underlying supernova do not improve the predictions, showing that the modelling of GRB22109A will require going beyond the most standard GRB afterglow model. Placed in the global context of GRB optical afterglows, we find the afterglow of GRB 221009A is luminous but not extraordinarily so, highlighting that some aspects of this GRB do not deviate from the global known sample despite its extreme energetics and the peculiar afterglow evolution.Comment: Accepted to ApJL for the special issue, 37 pages, 23 pages main text, 6 tables, 13 figure

Multi-band analyses of the bright GRB~230812B and the associated SN2023pel

GRB~230812B is a bright and relatively nearby ($z =0.36$) long gamma-ray burst that has generated significant interest in the community and therefore has been subsequently observed over the entire electromagnetic spectrum. We report over 80 observations in X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and sub-millimeter bands from the GRANDMA (Global Rapid Advanced Network for Multi-messenger Addicts) network of observatories and from observational partners. Adding complementary data from the literature, we then derive essential physical parameters associated with the ejecta and external properties (i.e. the geometry and environment) and compare with other analyses of this event (e.g. Srinivasaragavan et al. 2023). We spectroscopically confirm the presence of an associated supernova, SN2023pel, and we derive a photospheric expansion velocity of v $\sim$ 17$\times10^3$ km $s^{-1}$. We analyze the photometric data first using empirical fits of the flux and then with full Bayesian Inference. We again strongly establish the presence of a supernova in the data, with an absolute peak r-band magnitude $M_r = - 19.41 \pm 0.10$. We find a flux-stretching factor or relative brightness $k_{\rm SN}=1.04 \pm 0.09$ and a time-stretching factor $s_{\rm SN}=0.68 \pm 0.05$, both compared to SN1998bw. Therefore, GRB 230812B appears to have a clear long GRB-supernova association, as expected in the standard collapsar model. However, as sometimes found in the afterglow modelling of such long GRBs, our best fit model favours a very low density environment ($\log_{10}({n_{\rm ISM}/{\rm cm}^{-3}}) = -2.16^{+1.21}_{-1.30}$). We also find small values for the jet's core angle $\theta_{\rm core}={1.70^{+1.00}_{-0.71}} \ \rm{deg}$ and viewing angle. GRB 230812B/SN2023pel is one of the best characterized afterglows with a distinctive supernova bump

Multiband analyses of the bright GRB 230812B and the associated SN2023pel

GRB 230812B is a bright and relatively nearby (z = 0.36) long gamma-ray burst (GRB) that has generated significant interest in the community and has thus been observed over the entire electromagnetic spectrum. We report over 80 observations in X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and submillimetre bands from the GRANDMA (Global Rapid Advanced Network for Multimessenger Addicts) network of observatories and from observational partners. Adding complementary data from the literature, we then derive essential physical parameters associated with the ejecta and external properties (i.e. the geometry and environment) of the GRB and compare with other analyses of this event. We spectroscopically confirm the presence of an associated supernova, SN2023pel, and we derive a photospheric expansion velocity of v ∼ 17 × 103 km s-1. We analyse the photometric data first using empirical fits of the flux and then with full Bayesian inference. We again strongly establish the presence of a supernova in the data, with a maximum (pseudo-)bolometric luminosity of 5.75 × 1042 erg s-1, at 15.76+-10.2181 d (in the observer frame) after the trigger, with a half-max time width of 22.0 d. We compare these values with those of SN1998bw, SN2006aj, and SN2013dx. Our best-fitting model favours a very low density environment (log10(nISM/cm-3) = -2.38+-11.6045) and small values for the jet's core angle θcore = 1.54+-01.8102 deg and viewing angle θobs = 0.76+-01.7629 deg. GRB 230812B is thus one of the best observed afterglows with a distinctive supernova bump

Problems of Ensuring Competitiveness of Ukrainian Enterprises in the Context of European Integration Processes

As a result of the study the argumentation of the need for domestic enterprises’ entering foreign markets has been provided and particularities of its conditions have been determined. The assessment of Ukraine on international ratings, which indicates a low level of its competitiveness, has been given. The investigation of ways and forms for Ukrainian enterprises’ entering foreign markets has been performed. The structure of export in the context of goods trends and in dynamics of the past five years has been analyzed. The main issues, which do not allow to fully realize the export potential of Ukraine have been generalized. The vectors to ensure the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises at their entering foreign markets in the context of European integration have been determined. Characteristics of the economic part of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU have been provided. It is argued that to conquer the European markets and defend their positions in the domestic ones it is important for Ukrainian enterprises to use the opportunity provided by the agreement timely. Prospects for further research are studying possibilities for implementation of an innovation-active model of management in the engineering industry

Intensity investigation of fluid exchange between the layers of different permeability at cyclic impact on oil reservoir

Циклическое воздействие на нефтяной пласт исследовалось с середины 1960-х годов. При закачке воды в пласт давление в высокопроницаемых зонах изменяется быстрее, чем в низкопроницаемых, поэтому между этими зонами возникают перепады давления, вызывающие перетоки флюидов. Создается нестационарный режим фильтрации, при котором происходит постоянное перераспределение давления в пласте. В работе получено аналитическое выражение для перетоков между высоко- и низкопроницаемыми пропластками при нестационарной периодической закачке в слоисто-неоднородном пласте в двумерной постановке. Исследовано влияние периода и амплитуды колебаний на нагнетательной скважине на среднюю скорость вертикальных перетоков между пропластками в двумерной постановке. Показано, что способ расстановки скважин несущественно влияет на интенсивность перетоков между слоями: при различных схемах расстановки скважин изменение интенсивности перетоков составляет до 15%.Cyclic impact on oil reservoir has been investigated since the middle of the 60s. At water injection, the pressure in high-permeable zones is restored quicker than in low-permeable ones; therefore, there are pressure differences between these zones causing fluid overflows. The non-stationary filtration mode at which there is a regular redistribution of pressure in a reservoir is caused. An analytical 2D solution for the fluid exchange between high-permeable and low-permeable reservoirs is obtained in this paper. The period and amplitude influence in an injection well on an average speed of vertical flows between the reservoirs is studied. The calculation results show that the method of well arrangement has insignificant impact on flow rate: the flow may change by 15% at different well arrangement

Addressing challenges of high spatial resolution UHF fMRI for group analysis of higher-order cognitive tasks:An inter-sensory task directing attention between visual and somatosensory domains

Functional MRI at ultra-high field (UHF, ≥7T) provides significant increases in BOLD contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) compared with conventional field strength (3T), and has been exploited for reduced field-of-view, high spatial resolution mapping of primary sensory areas. Applying these high spatial resolution methods to investigate whole brain functional responses to higher-order cognitive tasks leads to a number of challenges, in particular how to perform robust group-level statistical analyses. This study addresses these challenges using an inter-sensory cognitive task which modulates top-down attention at graded levels between the visual and somatosensory domains. At the individual level, highly focal functional activation to the task and task difficulty (modulated by attention levels) were detectable due to the high CNR at UHF. However, to assess group level effects, both anatomical and functional variability must be considered during analysis. We demonstrate the importance of surface over volume normalization and the requirement of no spatial smoothing when assessing highly focal activity. Using novel group analysis on anatomically parcellated brain regions, we show that in higher cognitive areas (parietal and dorsal-lateral-prefrontal cortex) fMRI responses to graded attention levels were modulated quadratically, whilst in visual cortex and VIP, responses were modulated linearly. These group fMRI responses were not seen clearly using conventional second-level GLM analyses, illustrating the limitations of a conventional approach when investigating such focal responses in higher cognitive regions which are more anatomically variable. The approaches demonstrated here complement other advanced analysis methods such as multi-variate pattern analysis, allowing UHF to be fully exploited in cognitive neuroscience