Legal instruments of generative change of individual farm owners in Poland under the Rural Development Programme 2007–2013

Celem artykułu jest próba kompleksowego przedstawienia instrumentów prawnych służących zmianie generacyjnej właścicieli indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce w ramach Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 2007–2013. Uwzględnione zostały dwa działania w ramach osi „Poprawa konkurencyjności sektora rolnego i leśnego”, tj „Ułatwianie startu młodym rolnikom” oraz „Renty strukturalne”. W publikacji poddano analizie w szczególności definicje ustawowe beneficjentów, ukazano prawne aspekty ubiegania się o wsparcie w ramach niniejszych działań, w tym kryteria dostępu, formę i wysokość pomocy. Zaprezentowano kierunek i wpływ orzecznictwa unijnego i krajowego na wykładnię przepisów prawnych regulujących przedmiotowe działania.The aim of this article is to attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of the legal instruments which lead to the generative change of individual farm owners in Poland under the Rural Development Programme 2007–2013. With regards to “improving the competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry sector”, two actions will be looked at, mainly, “setting up of young farmers” and “early retirement of farmers and farm workers”. The publication scrutinizes briefly the legal definitions of beneficiaries and aspects of joining the aforementioned programes, including, entry criteria and the type and value of a subsidy. The influence of EU and national jurisdiction on the legal norms regulating these activities is described

Legal aspects regarding prevention of food waste in Poland

El tema que se estudia en este artículo son las regulaciones legales polacas sobre la prevención del desperdicio de alimentos. Polonia, al igual que otros Estados miembros, adoptó instrumentos legales especiales para resolver este problema. El objeto de este artículo es intentar evaluar estas medidas nacionales especiales y, en particular, responder a la pregunta de si son suficientes. A pesar de las numerosas reservas y el limitado alcance normativo, el establecimiento de reglamentos legales específicos en Polonia merece una evaluación positiva. Dado que pueden ser el comienzo de un camino legislativo que lleve a la adopción de soluciones integrales para prevenir el desperdicio de alimentos en Polonia. Tengamos en cuenta que no deben limitarse exclusivamente a la etapa de distribución de los productos en forma de alimentos listos para el consumo. Es importante que la futura legislación prevea un "análisis global" del desperdicio de alimentos.The subject of considerations in this article are Polish legal regulations on the prevention of food waste. Poland, in line with other Member States, adopted special legal instruments to solve this problem. The aim of this article is to try to assess these special national measures and, in particular, to answer the question whether they are sufficient. Despite numerous reservations and a narrow normative scope, establishment of separate legal regulations in Poland deserves a positive assessment. They may be the beginning of a legislative path leading to the adoption of comprehensive solutions to prevent food waste in Poland. They should not be limited exclusively to the distribution stage and the products in the form of foodstuffs ready to be consumed. It is important that the future legislation takes into consideration the ‘broad understanding’ of food waste

Nabycie służebności przesyłu w drodze zasiedzenia

The paper is an attempt to determine the admissibility of acquisition of a transmission easement by virtue of usucaption. It also contains the review and assessment of the main issues, doubts and discrepancies which are present in the doctrine and jurisprudence. The survey also deals with deliberations concerning the possibilities of usucaption of particular ways of using the facilities as referred in the article 49 of The Civil Code prior to the amendments of The Civil Code of 20 May 2008 that introduced a new legal institution of a utility of transmission easement

Nieposłuszeństwo obywatelskie a państwo demokratyczne

The aim of this article is to present the complex issue of civil disobedience in the democratic state. The authors pay attention to the fact that ineffectiveness may lay the foundation for civil disobedience. It should be stressed that the activity of the citizens in the form of civil disobedience shall not always harmonize with the legal norms of applicable democratic state of law. Civil disobedience may reflect varied interests of different social groups. These points of view – often very different - shall be perceived by the governmental authority, which in the decision-making process is forced to choose between the so-called “lesser evil”. The authors present the issue of civil disobedience by showing examples from the country and abroad

Z prawnej problematyki nowej żywności

Legal issues related to new food S u m m a r y The aim of the deliberations was an attempt to resolve the doubts related to the use of the concept ‘new food’, and also to establish how the existing legislation provides for the safety of that kind of food, and whether these regulations are sufficiently effective. The author concludes that the adoption of a common procedure and a harmonised system of assessing the safety level of food produced with the use of new technologies and new sources, to date not recognised as food, was a good decision. New food has no safety history and therefore may constitute a risk not only to the consumers’ health or life, but also to the natural environment. Therefore it is essential that the adopted regulation is in place, but is also open to new technological developments and production methods.Sulla problematica giuridica di nuovi alimenti R i a s s u n t o L’obiettivo delle considerazioni è quello di tentare di dissipare i dubbi legati al campo d’applicazione e all’uso del concetto di nuovi alimenti. È stato anche intrapreso un tentativo di rispondere alla domanda in quale modo il legislatore garantisca la sicurezza di questo tipo di alimenti e se le regolazioni da lui previste sono sufficienti. In conclusione l’autore scrive che bisogna valutare positivamente l’istituzione della procedura comune e del sistema armonizzato di valutazione della sicurezza degli alimenti prodotti ricorrendo all’uso di moderne tecnologie, provenienti da fonti completamente nuove, ed anche finora non trattati come alimenti. I nuovi alimenti, privi del passato e quindi dell’uso sicuro, possono costituire addirittura un rischio non solo per la vita e la salute del consumatore, ma anche per l’ambiente. È quindi importante che la regolazione in vigore sia aperta allo sviluppo della tecnica e all’uso di nuovi metodi di produzione.14121322710Przegląd Prawa Rolneg

„Agrar- und Umweltrecht” Wolfgang Krüger, Meinhard List, Aktuelle Entwicklungen zur Vereinfachung der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik – Ein Zwischenstand (Aktualny stan prac nad uproszczeniem Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej), AUR 2017, nr 2, s. 41–44.

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Procedura dokonywania zmian w rejestrze zakładów żywnościowych - aspekty prawne

The procedure of entering changes to the register of food companies – legal aspects S u m m a r y The aim of this paper was to resolve the doubts which arise in the process of ente ring changes to the register of food companies and, in particular, to answer the question of how information on modifications should be submitted to competent bodies, and the de lege ferenda postulates be presented. The current regulation as it is, may certainly seem to be inconsistent and internally contradictory. As such, it entails a number of practical problems, and those are encountered not by the approved and registered entities, but also by organs of administration and end-consumers whose life, health and fair interests should be given utmost legal protection. The currently biding and applicable legal state requires a change, or at least an adoption of such a practice by administrative organs, which will recognise an entry of a change to a register as an entry into a register, and in the case of the activity being modified, it will require an application filed, requesting an entry or an approval an entry in the register. However, it would be recommended and justified to enact legislation providing that an entry or a deletion of an entry (being struck out) also constitutes an entry to the register.La procedura di denuncia delle modifiche al registro degli stabilimenti alimentari – aspetti giuridici R i a s s u n t o L’obiettivo dello studio è quello di chiarire i dubbi relativi a come apportare modifiche al registro degli stabilimenti alimentari, in particolare la questione di come comunicare all’autorità competente le informazioni riguardanti le modifiche, e di presentare le proposte de lege ferenda. L’attuale regolazione in materia di modifiche apportate al registro degli stabilimenti alimentari può sembrare incoerente e contraddittoria. Essa fa nascere molti problemi pratici non solo per gli stabilimenti riconosciuti e registrati, ma anche per gli enti amministrativi e i consumatori finali, la cui vita, salute e interessi commerciali dovrebbero essere protetti dalla legge con la massima cura. L’attuale situazione giuridica in questa materia necessita di essere cambiata oppure che venga adottata presso gli enti amministrativi la pratica di considerare le modifiche apportate al registro come iscrizione al registro, invece nel caso di trasformazione dell’attività che venga richiesta la presentazione della domanda di iscrizione oppure quella di riconoscimento e iscrizione al registro. Tuttavia sarebbe opportuno introdurre la regolazione che preveda che la modifica apportata all’iscrizione oppure la cancellazione della stessa costituiscano una iscrizione.14124325512Przegląd Prawa Rolneg