Stochastic Production Frontier Models to Explore Constraints on Household Travel Expenditures Considering Household Income Classes

This paper explores the variation of household travel expenditure frontiers (HTEFs) prior to CC reform in Jakarta. This study incorporates the variation of household income classes into the modeling of HTEFs and investigates the degree to which various determinants influence levels of HTEF. The HTEF is defined as an unseen maximum (capacity) amount of money that a certain income class is willing to dedicate to their travel. A stochastic production frontier is applied to model and explore upper bound household travel expenditure (HTE). Using a comprehensive household travel survey (HTS) in Jakarta in 2004, the observed HTE spending in a month is treated as an exogenous variable. The estimation results obtained using three proposed models, for low, medium and high income classes, show that HTEFs are significantly associated with life stage structure attributes, socio-demographics and life environment factors such as professional activity engagements, which is disclosed to be varied across income classes. Finding further reveals that considerable differences in average of HTEFs across models. This finding calls for the formulation of policies that consider the needs to be addressed for low and medium income groups in order to promote more equity policy thereby leading to more acceptable CC reform

An assessment of The Capacity Drops at The Bottleneck Segments: A review on the existing methodologies

The term of capacity is very useful to quantify the ability of transport facilities in terms of carrying traffic. The capacity of the road is an essential ingredient in the planning, design, and operation of roadways. It is desirable for traffic analyst to be able to predict the time and places where congestion will occur and the volumes to be expected. Most of urbanized areas have been experiencing of traffic congestion problems particularly at urban arterial systems. High traffic demand and limited supply of roadways are always the main factors produced traffic congestion. However, there are other sources of local and temporal congestion, such as uncontrolled access point, median opening and on-street parking activities, which are caused a reduction of roadway capacity during peak operations. Those locations could result in reduction of travel speed and road, as known as hidden bottlenecks. This is bottleneck which is without any changes in geometric of the segments. The Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (IHCM, 1997) is used to assess urban arterial systems till current days. IHCM provides a static method for examining the capacityand does not systematically take into account of bottleneck activities. However, bottleneck activities create interruption smooth traffic flow along arterial streets, which in turns stimulate related problems, such as, excessive air pollution, additional energy consumption and driver’s frustration due to traffic jammed. This condition could happen simultaneously; mostly repetitive and predictable in same peak hour demands. Therefore, this paper carefully summarize on the existing methodologies considering required data, handled data processing and expected output of each proposed of analysis. We further notice that dynamic approach could be more appropriated for analyzing temporal congestion segments (median opening, on street parking, etc.). Method of oblique cumulative plot seems to be more applicable in terms of convenient, surveying tool and the accuracy of analysis. This method is easy to handle and powerful in identifying flow and speed fluctuations during breakdown occur

Biaya Preservasi Jalan Akibat Truk Dengan Beban Berlebih Di Jalan Pesisir Timur Provinsi Aceh

Aceh province heavily relies on the road transportation to support its economic development. Freight movement carried out by land transport (mostly on road) is more than 95% in this province. This condition is even worsened by trucks which tend to carry overload. This study is conducted to evaluate pavement performance in the east corridor of roads in the Aceh Province caused by overloading trucks, using the AASHTO method. The pavement preservation cost analysis is based on the pavement design life of 10 years. The results show that the preservation costs for 2-axle colt truck is Rp. Rp. 847/ton-km, for 2-axle engkel truck is Rp. 1,377/ton-km, for 3-axle tronton truck is Rp. 789/ton-km, and for 3-axle intercooler truck is Rp. 1,086/ton-km

Stochastic Production Frontier Models to Explore Constraints on Household Travel Expenditures Considering Household Income Classes

This paper explores the variation of household travel expenditure frontiers (HTEFs) prior to CC reform in Jakarta. This study incorporates the variation of household income classes into the modeling of HTEFs and investigates the degree to which various determinants influence levels of HTEF. The HTEF is defined as an unseen maximum (capacity) amount of money that a certain income class is willing to dedicate to their travel. A stochastic production frontier is applied to model and explore upper bound household travel expenditure (HTE). Using a comprehensive household travel survey (HTS) in Jakarta in 2004, the observed HTE spending in a month is treated as an exogenous variable. The estimation results obtained using three proposed models, for low, medium and high income classes, show that HTEFs are significantly associated with life stage structure attributes, socio-demographics and life environment factors such as professional activity engagements, which is disclosed to be varied across income classes. Finding further reveals that considerable differences in average of HTEFs across models. This finding calls for the formulation of policies that consider the needs to be addressed for low and medium income groups in order to promote more equity policy thereby leading to more acceptable CC reform

Measuring Passenger Car Unit (PCU) at Four Legged Roundabout using Time Occupancy Data Collected from Drone

This study aims to measure the values of passenger car unit (PCU) at a four-legged roundabout based on the time occupancy data in complex traffic operation. Within mixed traffic, the PCUs are needed as a equivalency factor to convert various type of vehicles to a standard unit. The unit of PCU was used to determine capacity and level of service of specific the traffic condition. The composition of vehicles going through the intersection,  mostly varies and each type of vehicles tends to have diverse effects on capacity and level of services. Consequently, a conversion factor from various vehicles to a standard vehicle is required.   The data of this study was collected using a drone at the investigated roundabout at one of the major roundabouts in Aceh Besar, Aceh province, Indonesia. The method used was the vehicle's time occupancy, in which  calculated from  the average time required by each vehicle to pass through the roundabout area. The results show that the PCU values obtained is 0.16 for motorcycle, 0.59 for rickshaw, 1.07 for pickup, 1.91 for a medium vehicle, and 3.76 for the heavy vehicle. These results should be utilized for converting various type of vehicles into PCUs to estimate capacity and level of services, especially at the roundabout trafict. This results may be suitable to revise the Indonesian Traffic Code, named Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual 1997, and useful for ongoing national-level efforts to upgrade the  Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual

BIAYA PRESERVASI JALAN AKIBAT TRUK DENGAN BEBAN BERLEBIH DI JALAN PESISIR TIMUR PROVINSI ACEH

Aceh province heavily relies on the road transportation to support its economic development. Freight movement carried out by land transport (mostly on road) is more than 95% in this province. This condition is even worsened by trucks which tend to carry overload. This study is conducted to evaluate pavement performance in the east corridor of roads in the Aceh Province caused by overloading trucks, using the AASHTO method. The pavement preservation cost analysis is based on the pavement design life of 10 years. The results show that the preservation costs for 2-axle colt truck is Rp. Rp. 847/ton-km, for 2-axle engkel truck is Rp. 1,377/ton-km, for 3-axle tronton truck is Rp. 789/ton-km, and for 3-axle intercooler truck is Rp. 1,086/ton-km.Keywords: Aceh, preservation, performance, damage, highway

BIAYA PRESERVASI JALAN AKIBAT TRUK DENGAN BEBAN BERLEBIH DI JALAN PESISIR TIMUR PROVINSI ACEH

Aceh province heavily relies on the road transportation to support its economic development. Freight movement carried out by land transport (mostly on road) is more than 95% in this province. This condition is even worsened by trucks which tend to carry overload. This study is conducted to evaluate pavement performance in the east corridor of roads in the Aceh Province caused by overloading trucks, using the AASHTO method. The pavement preservation cost analysis is based on the pavement design life of 10 years. The results show that the preservation costs for 2-axle colt truck is Rp. Rp. 847/ton-km, for 2-axle engkel truck is Rp. 1,377/ton-km, for 3-axle tronton truck is Rp. 789/ton-km, and for 3-axle intercooler truck is Rp. 1,086/ton-km.Keywords: Aceh, preservation, performance, damage, highway

An Assessment of the Capacity Drops at the Bottleneck Segments: a Review on the Existing Methodologies

The term of capacity is very useful to quantify the ability of transport facilities in terms of carrying traffic. The capacity of the road is an essential ingredient in the planning, design, and operation of roadways. It is desirable for traffic analyst to be able to predict the time and places where congestion will occur and the volumes to be expected. Most of urbanized areas have been experiencing of traffic congestion problems particularly at urban arterial systems. High traffic demand and limited supply of roadways are always the main factors produced traffic congestion. However, there are other sources of local and temporal congestion, such as uncontrolled access point, median opening and on-street parking activities, which are caused a reduction of roadway capacity during peak operations. Those locations could result in reduction of travel speed and road, as known as hidden bottlenecks. This is bottleneck which is without any changes in geometric of the segments. The Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (IHCM, 1997) is used to assess urban arterial systems till current days. IHCM provides a static method for examining the capacityand does not systematically take into account of bottleneck activities. However, bottleneck activities create interruption smooth traffic flow along arterial streets, which in turns stimulate related problems, such as, excessive air pollution, additional energy consumption and driver\u27s frustration due to traffic jammed. This condition could happen simultaneously; mostly repetitive and predictable in same peak hour demands. Therefore, this paper carefully summarize on the existing methodologies considering required data, handled data processing and expected output of each proposed of analysis. We further notice that dynamic approach could be more appropriated for analyzing temporal congestion segments (median opening, on street parking, etc.). Method of oblique cumulative plot seems to be more applicable in terms of convenient, surveying tool and the accuracy of analysis. This method is easy to handle and powerful in identifying flow and speed fluctuations during breakdown occur