Efek Formalin terhadap Jumlah Sel Spermatogenik

Background: The high number of formalin abuse as a food additive and formaldehyde exposure in daily life can caused the adverse effect, one of that is infertility. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of formaldehyde on the number of spermatogenic cells, which illustrated disruption of spermatogenesis. Methods: This research was an experimentalresearch with post-test only with control group design. The subject of this research were 24 white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain. Test of Hiypothesis used software of SPSS with One Way ANOVA test with significance 0,05. Results: The average number of spermatogonia cells (P0:291,50; P1:237,50; P2:185,83; P3:156,67), primary spermatocytes cells (P0:296,17; P1:261,33; P2:203,83; P3:171,33), and spermatid cells (P0:722,67; P1:663,67; P2: 385,00;P3:287,83) decreased than control, and the results of One-way ANOVA test was p= 0,00. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the number of spermatogenic cells of the control group with the formalin treatment group

Efektivitas Terapi Kognitif Perilakuan Terhadap Pasien Yang Mendapatkan Pengobatan Medis Anti Ansietas

Pemakaian pengobatan medis anti ansietas dalam jangka waktu tertentu dapat menimbulkan risiko ketergantungan pada pengobatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi kognitif perilakuan pada program penurunan dosis anti ansietas secara bertahap serta untuk menurunkan gejala ansietas. Subjek penelitian adalah dua orang pasien yang mendapatkan pengobatan anti ansietas. Tritmen yang diberikan adalah terapi kognitif perilakuan sebanyak 8 sesi dengan rentang waktu masing-masing sesi antara 4 sampai 5 hari. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimen N kecil dengan disain AB. Dosis (frekuensi dan jumlah) pemakaian pengobatan medis diukur menggunakan lembar monitoring pemakaian obat setiap hari dan gejala ansietas diukur menggunakan Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Hasil penelitian terapi kognitif perilakuan dapat mengurangi dosis (frekuensi dan jumlah) pemakaian pengobatan medis anti ansietas, menurunkan gejala ansietas

Optimalisasi E-Recruitment dan Penempatan Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Karyawan Pada Divisi Sales Lapangan PT Bina San Prima Sukabumi

PT. Bina San Prima Sukabumi was the site of the research since the business is still relying on locals' connections for recruiting staff and its usage of the e-recruitment system is not yet fully effective. The same is true for employee placement; a rolling method is used instead of a single category to determine where an employee should be located. This study aims to ascertain the effects of e-recruitment and job placement on employee performance at PT. Bina San Prima's Field Sales Division. In this study, a quantitative associative descriptive methodology was used. 80 employees of PT. Bina San Prima were given the sample using the saturated sampling approach, and multiple linear regression was used for analysis. According to the study's findings, PT Bina San Prima Sukabumi has been able to increase staff performance through optimizing e-recruitment. Employee performance in the field sales sector of PT Bina San Prima Sukabumi is positively impacted by placement. So it makes sense that the field sales division of PT Bina San Prima Sukabumi has a successful implementation of the optimization of e-recruitment and staff placement on work performance

Cancer classification in the genomic era: five contemporary problems

Abstract Classification is an everyday instinct as well as a full-fledged scientific discipline. Throughout the history of medicine, disease classification is central to how we develop knowledge, make diagnosis, and assign treatment. Here, we discuss the classification of cancer and the process of categorizing cancer subtypes based on their observed clinical and biological features. Traditionally, cancer nomenclature is primarily based on organ location, e.g., “lung cancer” designates a tumor originating in lung structures. Within each organ-specific major type, finer subgroups can be defined based on patient age, cell type, histological grades, and sometimes molecular markers, e.g., hormonal receptor status in breast cancer or microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. In the past 15+ years, high-throughput technologies have generated rich new data regarding somatic variations in DNA, RNA, protein, or epigenomic features for many cancers. These data, collected for increasingly large tumor cohorts, have provided not only new insights into the biological diversity of human cancers but also exciting opportunities to discover previously unrecognized cancer subtypes. Meanwhile, the unprecedented volume and complexity of these data pose significant challenges for biostatisticians, cancer biologists, and clinicians alike. Here, we review five related issues that represent contemporary problems in cancer taxonomy and interpretation. (1) How many cancer subtypes are there? (2) How can we evaluate the robustness of a new classification system? (3) How are classification systems affected by intratumor heterogeneity and tumor evolution? (4) How should we interpret cancer subtypes? (5) Can multiple classification systems co-exist? While related issues have existed for a long time, we will focus on those aspects that have been magnified by the recent influx of complex multi-omics data. Exploration of these problems is essential for data-driven refinement of cancer classification and the successful application of these concepts in precision medicine.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134599/1/40246_2015_Article_49.pd

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Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran dan Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran terhadap Senjangan Anggaran dengan Komitmen Organisasi dan Gaya Kepemimpinan sebagai Variabel Moderating (Studi pada Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah Kabupaten Bengkalis)

Budgetary slack is a dysfunctional condition which can be done by managers at middle and lower levels if these organizations implement participatory budgeting. This study aims to examine the effect of participatory budgeting and budget goal clarity on budgetary slack and examine the influence of organizational commitment and leadership style as moderating .The results shows that: 1) participatory budgeting influence to budgetary slack with significance value 0,000 < 0,05. 2) budget goal clarity influence to budgetary slack with significance value 0,000 < 0,05. 3) organizational commitment as to moderate the effect of participatory budgeting on budgetary slack with significance value 0,042 <0,05. 4) organizational commitment as to moderate the effect of budget goal clarity on budgetary slack with significance value 0,002 < 0,05. 5) leadership style as to moderate the effect of participatory budgeting on budgetary slack with significance value 0,047 < 0,05. 6) leadership style as to moderate the effect of budget goal clarity on budgetary slack with significance value 0,000 < 0,05. The result of this study prove participatory budgeting and budget goal clarity influence to budgetary slack and organizational commitment and leadership style able to moderate the effect of participatory budgeting and budget goal clarity on budgetary slack

Haplotype analyses of Orang Asli population in Taman Negara Pahang using Y-STR markers

There are many maternal line studies conducted for Orang Asli using mitochondrial DNA. This study focuses on the paternal line, specifically Y-STR and three markers were considered, namely DYS19, DYS390 and DYS391. These markers were used to compare 21 subjects comprising of 7 from Senoi tribes and 14 from Negrito tribes. The samples were collected from Kampung Kuala Atok, Kg. Sungai Tiang, Kg. Dedari, Kg. Krom, Kg. Teresek and Kg. Gam located in Taman Negara Pahang and villages nearby. From these, 14 haplotypes were gained with one of it shared by both tribes while the rest were unique to the tribe. The analyses conducted from the haplotype were gene diversity (GD), locus diversity (DL), haplotype diversity (HD) and discrimination capacity (DC). From the analysis, the GD values range from 0.2480 to 0.7108 whilst the DL values range from 0.2500 to 0.7446. The haplotype diversity and discrimination capacity values were 0.8875 and 0.6364, respectively. Since this work only studied the comparison between Senoi and Negrito, further analysis is going to include the other sub tribes of Orang Asli