Strategi Penguatan Kelembagaan Ekonomi Agribisnis Kopi secara Integratif di Kecamatan Sumber Wringin Kabupaten Bondowoso

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi penguatan kelembagaan ekonomi agribisnis kopi secara integratif. Penentuan daerah penelitian ditentukan secara sengaja (purposive method) . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan analitik. Metode pengambilan contoh dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive sampling). Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan alat analisis medan kekuatan (Force Field Analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategipenguatan kelembagaan ekonomi agribisnis kopi secara integrative adalah dengan Perumusan model strategi penguatan kelembagaan ekonomi pada agribisnis kopi berupa sinergitas pola komunikasi antar kelembagaan ekonomi dan stakeholder yang terlibat dalam agribisnis kopi di Kecamatan Sumber Wringin

Pengembangan Makanan Formula Anak Balita Menggunakan Berbagai Jenis Ikan Laut Dan Rumput Laut

Background: Deficiency in energy, protein and micronutrient of children under five years can cause growth faltering, besides the delayed in mental development and easily infected. Indonesia is highly potential in marine food sources, included fishes and seaweeds which are rich in macro and micronutrients. Formulated food made of fish were well accepted, but was not proven to improve growth significantly; while USAge of seaweeds has not been explored. Objectives: To produce formulated food, which contain macro and micronutrient that important for growth and mental development. The results will encourage USAge of marine food sources and development of feasible food processing. Methods: Food base included carbohydrate sources: rice flour, sweet corn, yellow yam, and sweet plaintain; protein sources: stingray, shark, tuna, greyfish and soybean. Sources of micronutrients were vegetables and seaweeds. Cooking oil and sugar were added to make 400 kCal energy content per 100 g formula and improve taste. Quality evaluation were tested: protein score, nutrient content, sensoric test and water absorbability of the formulated food.Results: Four kinds of formula were developed and well accepted by the panelist. Those formula have low water absorbtion and good sensoric quality. Protein scores are 84-97%, higher than that of soybean. Content of folate, vitamin A, iodine and Zn per 100 g formula can fulfill 70-110% daily allowance of children under five years old. Conclusions: Formulated food based on marine fishes and seaweeds were well accepted, with calculated protein scores were higher than soybean's. Micronutrients content were high in all formula. There is a need to explore all potential benefits of the marine food sources, both protein sources and seaweeds, to develop other formulated foods for children. [Penel Gizi Makan 2007, 30(1): 1-7

The Effect of N-Fertilizer Coating ongThe Proximate Content of Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Corn

ABSTRACT: The experiment was conducted to study the effict of N- fertilizer coating on proximate content of sweet corn straw The study was performod on regosol soil at the Agricultural Training Research and Development Center (ATRD or KP-4), Gadjah Mada University, Kalitirto, l3erbah, Simian, Yogyakarta. Five hundred meter square land was used and divided into 12 plots of 6m X 6m sized and were planted sweet corn seed at spaced of about 0,25m within rows and 0.75m between rows. Three urea fertilizer treatments were applied with four replication, namely, conventional urea application (uncoating), where urea given at the rate of 4004 per ha (T-1), and urea oil coating application given at the rate of 60% (T-2) and 40% (T-3) of T-1. Data found were then subjected to statistical analysis following the randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results of the study indicated that there were significant (

The Nutritional Value of Intercropping Forage of Arbila (Phaseolus lunatus) Inoculated by Rhizobium With Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) at Different Planting Space of Arbila and Different Row Number of Sorghum

The study was conducted to evaluate intercropping forage production between inoculated arbila (Phaseolus lunatus) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) at different planting space of arbila and different row number of sorgum. The experiment was arranged factorially according to completely randomised design. The first factor was two planting space of arbila i.e. J1 (120 cm) and J2 (180 cm). The second factor was three different row number of sorghum i.e. P1 (1 row), P2 (2 rows), P3 (3 rows). The replication for each treatment combination was three giving total number of experimental units of 18. Variables abserved were organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen free ekstract (NFE), ether extract (EE), and ash contents of intercropped forage. Results showed that nutritional value of intercropping forage between arbila and sorgum was better compared with monoculture crop of either arbila or sorghum. At intercropping, OM content of all treatments were high, except for treatment J1P1. The lowest CF was noticed for treatment J1P2 (30.64%). The highest CP content was for J1P1 (16.16%) but the CP content of J1P2 was still quiet good (13.36%). EE values were relatively similar for all treatments. The highest value for NFE was for J1P3 (48.35%) and J2P1 (48.45%) but the value for J1P2 was still reasonably good (48.35%). The ash content for treatment J1P1, J1P2, and J1P3 was 8.62%, 7.51%, and 7.15% respectively, and it was considered good enough for forage. In conclusion, intercropping between arbila at 120 cm planting space and 2 or 3 rows of sorghums produces the best nutritive content of forage for ruminant feed

Photosynthesis and Yields of Grasses Grown in Saline Condition

The aim of this study was to know effects of saline condition to crop physiology, growth andforages yield. A factorial completed random design was used in this study. The first factor was type ofgrass, these were king grass (Pennisetum hybrid), napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), panicum grass(Panicum maximum), setaria grass (Setaria sphacelata) and star grass (Cynodon plectostachyus). Thesecond factor was salt solution (NaCl) with concentration 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM. Parameters of thisexperiment were the percentage of chlorophyll, rate of photosynthesis, number of tiller, biomass and drymatter yield. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and followed by Duncan\u27s multiple range testwhen there were significant effects of the treatment. Panicum grass had the highest chlorophyll content(1.85 mg/g of leaf). Photosynthesis rate of setaria grass was the lowest. The increasing of NaClconcentration up to 300 mM NaCl reduced chlorophyll content, rate of photosynthesis, tiller number,biomass yield and dry matter yield. Responses of leaf area, biomass and dry matter yield to salinitywere linear for king, napier, panicum and setaria grasses. In tar grass, the response of leaf area andbiomass ware linear, but those of dry matter yield was quadratic. The response of tiller number tosalinity was linear for all species

Pengaruh Perendaman Daging Sapi dengan Ekstrak Bunga Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) terhadap Susut Masak, pH dan Organoleptik (Bau, Warna, Tekstur)

Daging merupakan bahan makanan sumber protein hewani yang mudah mengalami kerusakan oleh karena aktivitas mikroorganisme perusak pangan. Bunga kecombrang (Nicolaia speciosa Horan) merupakan salah satu alternatif pengawet alami, karena kandungan komponen bioaktif yaitu alkaloid, polifenol, flavonoid dan minyak atsiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman daging sapi dalam ekstrakbunga kecombrang (Etlingera elatior)  terhadap susut masak, pH dan organoleptik. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak lengkap (RAL) terdir 5 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan  sebagai berikut: P0 = 200g daging sapi (tanpa perlakuan), P1=  200g daging sapi + 200ml aquades + 10 ml ekstrak bunga kecombrang, P2=  200g daging sapi  + 200ml aquades + 20 ml ekstrak bunga kecombrang, P3=  200g daging sapi +200ml aquades + 30 ml ekstrak bunga kecombrang, P4=  200g daging sapi + 200ml aquades + 40 ml ekstrak bunga kecombrang. Variabel pengamatan penelitian meliputi susut masak, pH dan organoleptik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perendaman daging sapi dalam ekstrak bunga kecombrang (Etlingera elatior)  antara 10-40 ml belum dapat digunakan untuk mempertahankan kualitas daging sapi namun cenderung meningkatkan angka kualitas daging sapi sapi pada masa simpan yang lama. Perendaman daging sapi dengan ekstrak bunga kecombrang 40 ml cenderung menghasilkan nilai susust masak, dan  pH daging sapi yang lebih baik pada masa simpan yang lama (susut masak 33,70-46,54 dan pH 5,25-6,08). Pada warna dan bau  perendaman daging dengan ekstrak bunga  kecombrang memiliki bau, warna dan tekstur yang lebih baik pada masa simpan yang lama (bau 4,06-4,48 yakni berbau khas daging, warna 2,85-3,84 yakni warna merah gelap dan 1,88-3,55 yakni agak lembek). Daging sapi dengan perendaman ekstrak bunga kecombrang yang disimpan sampai dengan 12 jam masih layak untuk dikonsumsi.Kata Kunci : bunga Kecombrang, daging sapi, susut masak, pH, organolepti

Total Karbohidrat Nonstruktural Pada Pangkal Batang Dan Akar Tanaman Rumput Gajah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pertumbuhan dan regrowth terhadap total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) yang terakumulasi dalam pangkal batang dan akar rumput gajah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan tersarang dimana faktor regrowth (R) tersarang pada faktor tingkat pertumbuhan (P). Faktor tingkat pertumbuhan terdiri atas tingkat vegetatif (P1) dan tingkat reproduktif (P2). Faktor regrowth terdiri atas R0 (regrowth 0 hari), R4 (regrowth 4 hari), R8 (regrowth 8 hari) dan R12 (regrowth 12 hari). Peubah yang diamati adalah produksi bahan kering (BK) dan TNC yang terakumulasi dalam pangkal batang dan akar rumput gajah. Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, produksi BK dan TNC yang terakumulasi pada pangkal batang dan akar pada tingkat pertumbuhan reproduktif sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dibanding dengan tingkat pertumbuhan vegetatif. Produksi BK dan TNC yang terakumulasi dalam pangkal batang dan akar pada tingkat pertumbuhan vegetatif dan reproduktif masing-masing pada regrowth R0, menurun tidak nyata pada R4 dan nyata pada R8, kemudian meningkat tidak nyata pada R12. Disimpulkan, bahwa ada perbedaan produksi BK dan TNC yang terakumulasi pada tingkat vegatatif dan reproduktif dalam pangkal batang dan akar rumput gajah. Produksi BK dan TNC yang terakumulasi dalam pangkal batang dan akar lebih tinggi pada tingkat reproduktif dibanding dengan tingkat vegetatif. Produksi BK dan TNC yang terakumulasi dalam pangkal batang dan akar menurun pada hari ke 0 hingga hari kedelapan, kemudian meningkat pada hari kedua belas untuk tingkat pertumbuhan vegetatif dan reproduktif

CARRETERA DE LOS CUCHILLOS [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201