Perancangan Dan Pembuatan Perangkat Lunak Klasifikasi Tekstur Dengan Menggunakan Analisa Paket Wavelet

Pada penelitian ini, akan membahas suatu metoda klasifikasi tekstur dengan menggunakan representasi multiresolusi yang diperoleh dari hasil Transformasi Paket Wavelet (TPW), yang menggunakan beberapa jenis wavelet induk (filter). Untuk menentukan metoda dan filter yang paling sesuai dalam pengklasifikasian tekstur. Pengamatan dilakukan juga terhadap level dekomposisi., serta perhitungan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk proses tersebut dari berbagai ukuran citra, dengan maksud untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran dan jumlah ciri dari citra tekstur terhadap waktu proses. Pengujian klasifikasi dilakukan pada beberapa jenis tekstur normal dan cacat

Bone histomorphometric study of young rats following oestrogen deficiency

Osteoporosis is a global problem which results in increased fractures risk. The reports from earlier studies were inconsistent with the aging factor as well as the time which is needed to induce bone loss post-ovariectomy. This study aimed to determine the short-term effects of estrogen deficiency on bone structural histomorphometric parameters in young rats. 30 Sprague-Dawley female rats weighing 250 to 300 g were assigned to baseline, sham-operated and ovariectomy groups. The baseline group (n = 10) was sacrificed immediately. Sham-operated rats (SO, n = 10) underwent sham operation while ovariectomised group (OVX, n =10) underwent bilateral ovariectomy. All the rats were sacrificed 6 weeks post-ovariectomy. Following sacrifice, the right femora were dissected and subjected to the histomorphometric analysis using modified Von Kossa method. Bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and trabecular number (Tb.N) reduced significantly, while trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) increased significantly in the ovariectomized rats, compared to the baseline and sham groups 6 weeks postovariectomy (P<0.001). In the other hand, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) was consistent among the groups (P=0.41). Estrogen deficiency resulted in marked decline in BV/TV which most probably attributed to a reduction in Tb.N. In contrast, Tb.Th was found to be preserved following estrogen loss. Hence, the period of 6 weeks post-ovariectomy was sufficient to induce osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats without affecting Tb.Th.Key words: Bone histomorphometry, menopause, estrogen deficiency, osteoporosis, ovariectomy, trabecular bone

Analisa Perbandingan Teknik Single-Pass Six-Way Blend dan Teknik Threshold Scheme Rendering Sketsa pada Obyek Tiga Dimensi

Sketsa merupakan sebuah gambar yang dibuat kasar, ringan, dan tidak memiliki banyak detail. Fokus dari pembuatan sketsa adalah penggambaran bentuk utama obyek dan pengarsiran daerah bayangan obyek. Pada saat melakukan penggambaran sketsa, penarikan garis penggambaran satu dengan lain cenderung tidak sama. Tugas akhir ini mengimplementasikan program shader sketsa arsiran untuk obyek 3D. Pada implementasi shader, terdapat dua teknik yang digunakan, yaitu teknik Single-Pass Six-Way Blend dan teknik Threshold Scheme. Kedua teknik ini menggunakan Tonal Art Maps (TAM) untuk pembuatan efek arsiran. Perbedaannya adalah teknik Single-Pass Six-Way Blend menggunakan banyak variasi TAM lalu dilakukan proses blending, sementara teknik Threshold Scheme menggunakan sebuah TAM yang diberikan ambang batas untuk menempelkan efek arsiran pada obyek. Program rendering sketsa arsiran pada obyek 3D telah dapat diimplementasikan menggunakan teknologi DirectX 9.0 dan IDE RenderMonkey 1.82. Kedua teknik dapat menghasilkan visualisasi sketsa arsiran pada obyek 3D. Teknik Single-Pass Six-Way Blend menghasilkan visualisasi arsiran yang lebih tebal dan gelap dibandingkan teknik Threshold Scheme. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang melibatkan sejumlah responden dengan menggunakan kuesioner, diperoleh hasil jika teknik Single-Pass Six-Way Blend dinilai lebih baik dibandingkan dengan teknik Threshold Scheme

Structure-Based Discovery of A2A Adenosine Receptor Ligands

The recent determination of X-ray structures of pharmacologically relevant GPCRs has made these targets accessible to structure-based ligand discovery. Here we explore whether novel chemotypes may be discovered for the A(2A) adenosine receptor, based on complementarity to its recently determined structure. The A(2A) adenosine receptor signals in the periphery and the CNS, with agonists explored as anti-inflammatory drugs and antagonists explored for neurodegenerative diseases. We used molecular docking to screen a 1.4 million compound database against the X-ray structure computationally and tested 20 high-ranking, previously unknown molecules experimentally. Of these 35% showed substantial activity with affinities between 200 nM and 9 microM. For the most potent of these new inhibitors, over 50-fold specificity was observed for the A(2A) versus the related A(1) and A(3) subtypes. These high hit rates and affinities at least partly reflect the bias of commercial libraries toward GPCR-like chemotypes, an issue that we attempt to investigate quantitatively. Despite this bias, many of the most potent new ligands were novel, dissimilar from known ligands, providing new lead structures for modulation of this medically important target

Anthrax Toxins Induce Shock in Rats by Depressed Cardiac Ventricular Function

Anthrax infections are frequently associated with severe and often irreversible hypotensive shock. The isolated toxic proteins of Bacillus anthracis produce a non-cytokine-mediated hypotension in rats by unknown mechanisms. These observations suggest the anthrax toxins have direct cardiovascular effects. Here, we characterize these effects. As a first step, we administered systemically anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) and edema toxin (EdTx) to cohorts of three to twelve rats at different doses and determined the time of onset, degree of hypotension and mortality. We measured serum concentrations of the protective antigen (PA) toxin component at various time points after infusion. Peak serum levels of PA were in the µg/mL range with half-lives of 10–20 minutes. With doses that produced hypotension with delayed lethality, we then gave bolus intravenous infusions of toxins to groups of four to six instrumented rats and continuously monitored blood pressure by telemetry. Finally, the same doses used in the telemetry experiments were given to additional groups of four rats, and echocardiography was performed pretreatment and one, two, three and twenty-four hours post-treatment. LeTx and EdTx each produced hypotension. We observed a doubling of the velocity of propagation and 20% increases in left ventricular diastolic and systolic areas in LeTx-treated rats, but not in EdTx-treated rats. EdTx-but not LeTx-treated rats showed a significant increase in heart rate. These results indicate that LeTx reduced left ventricular systolic function and EdTx reduced preload. Uptake of toxins occurs readily into tissues with biological effects occurring within minutes to hours of serum toxin concentrations in the µg/mL range. LeTx and EdTx yield an irreversible shock with subsequent death. These findings should provide a basis for the rational design of drug interventions to reduce the dismal prognosis of systemic anthrax infections

Integrasi Imtaq dan Iptek dalam Pembelajaran di Lingkungan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam SMP Plus Al-kautsar Malang

Currently in this era of globalization, there is a negative influence of the electronic media and print media on people's lives. Islamic community life that sees religion merely as a ritual activity is not conducive to improving the IMTAQ. In addition, there are many partially learners (especially in big cities) misbehaves (perkelaian students, brawling, drug abuse, sexual perversion, and other juvenile delinquency). The problems above, has not answered what the objectives of national education in an effort to increase the faith and devotion in order to achieve the life of the nation. Thus, it is not wrong if we look at the integration of science in education IMTAQ and this is a major issue that must be executed. IMTAQ integration efforts and science and technology in learning can be done in two reviews that environment-Islamic and Islamic resources

Calculating in-vivo short-term precision error of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in human and animal: a technical report

Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is important in diagnosing osteoporosis. Precision error of DXA is a useful measure to determine a true change in BMD value. This study aimed to investigate the short-term coefficient of variance of Hologic Discovery QDR Wi DXA machine. The lumbar spine and hip BMD of fifteen healthy volunteers (mean age: 30.67 + 10.41 years) and the whole body BMD of fifteen female Sprague-Dawley rats (aged three months old) were scanned using Hologic Discovery QDR Wi DXA machine. Each volunteer and rat underwent triplicate scans to assess the reproducibility of BMD values. The interval between the scans ranged within 1 to 12 weeks for human subjects. For animal samples, the scans were repeated on the same day after repositioning. The precision error was expressed as a percentage coefficient of variance (%CV). The %CV obtained for lumbar spine and hip BMD for human were 1.8% and 1.2%, respectively. The %CV for whole body BMD of rats was 1.4%. The short-term CV demonstrated for both human and animal in the present study were comparable. The precision error of DXA must be monitored to ensure optimal performance of the device

Cell entry mechanism of enzymatic bacterial colicins: Porin recruitment and the thermodynamics of receptor binding

Binding of enzymatic E colicins to the vitamin B-12 receptor, BtuB, is the first stage in a cascade of events that culminate in the translocation of the cytotoxic nuclease into the Escherichia coli cytoplasm and release of its tightly bound immunity protein. A dogma of colicin biology is that the toxin coiled-coil connecting its functional domains must unfold or unfurl to span the periplasm, with recent reports claiming this reaction is initiated by receptor binding. We report isothermal titration calorimetry data of BtuB binding the endonuclease toxin ColE9 and a disulfide form (CoIE9(S-S)) where unfolding of the coiled-coil is prevented and, as a consequence, the toxin is biologically inactive. Contrary to expectation, the thermodynamics of receptor binding, characterized by large negative values for T Delta S, are identical for the two colicins, arguing against any form of BtuB-induced unfolding. We go on to delineate key features of the "colicin translocon" that assembles at the cell surface after BtuB binding by using a complex of histidine-tagged Im9 bound to ColE9(S-S). First, we show that the porin OmpF is recruited directly to the BtuB-colicin complex to form the translocon. Second, recruitment is through the natively unfolded region of the colicin translocation domain, with this domain likely having two contact points for OmpF. Finally, the immunity protein is not released during its assembly. Our study demonstrates that although colicin unfolding is undoubtedly a prerequisite for E. coli cell death, it must occur after assembly of the translocon