Applications of complexometry and polarography to continuous analysis

Imperial Users onl

Research and Development of Feature Extraction from Myanmar Palm Leaf Manuscripts for the Myanmar Character Recognition System

This paper proposed Myanmar palm leaf manuscript handwriting OCR system. Each text area in the Myanmar palm-leaf manuscript is segmented. This segmented character text image is needed to be recognized to transform to Myanmar handwritten characters which express Myanmar’s precious historical and invaluable information. This paper involves two essential steps: preprocessing and feature extraction. The preprocessing is carried out to extract the attractive palm-leaf manuscript region from the Images automatically are taken by the camera and to support the enhanced images for subsequence processes of Myanmar character recognition from Myanmar palm leaves. The one-dimensional segmentation approach is used to crop leaf area in the image which is taken with high resolution. Line count analysis is also done to extract the region for using enough line count. After that, line segmentation is carried out using Object Frequency Histogram along the horizontal lines which can find the best optimal points between the lines. Similarly, the same technique but vertically is used to get each character or smallest group of characters. Totally 18 features are extracted to recognize the Myanmar palm-leaf manuscript characters. Although the experimental results are good enough but some difficulties are still needed to take account related to the connected components.

Alcohol consumption among adult males in urban area of Thanlyin Township, Yangon Region, Myanmar

Background: Alcohol consumption is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is frequently related to health and behavioural problems as well as socio-economic hardship. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of alcohol consumption among adult males residing in urban area of Thanlyin Township, Yangon Region.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 adult males. Multi-stage random sampling was applied. Data entry and analysis was done using Stata 11.0 statistical package.Results: The prevalence of current alcohol drinking, ex-drinking and never drinking were 20.5%, 9.0% and 70.5%, respectively. There was a significant decreasing trend of alcohol consumption across the levels of age-group. Age, education status and practicing other health-risk behaviours such as smoking and betel chewing were detected as significant risk factors of alcohol consumption. Ever smokers and ever betel chewers were about 4 times more likely to be ever alcohol user compared to their counterparts even if age and education level were adjusted. By controlling smoking and betel chewing habits, 79.2% and 76.6% of existing prevalence of alcohol consumption among respondents would be reduced, respectively.Conclusions: There is an urgent need to curb the habit of alcohol consumption among adult males living in urban area, especially young adults. Alcohol and tobacco control policies in Myanmar should be strengthened or reinforced. Tobacco control program also needs to be intensified. Health education and health promotion activities should be enhanced in order to reduce alcohol consumption in the country.

Network Reconfiguration for Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile Improvement of 110-Bus Radial Distribution System Using Exhaustive Search Techniques

Nowadays, the electricity demand is increasing day by day and hence it is very important not only to extract electrical energy from all possible new power resources but also to reduce power losses to an acceptable minimum level in the existing distribution networks where a large amount of power dissipation occurred. In Myanmar, a lot of power is remarkably dissipated in distribution system.  Among methods in reducing power losses, network reconfiguration method is employed for loss minimization and exhaustive technique is also applied to achieve the minimal loss switching scheme. Network reconfiguration in distribution systems is performed by opening sectionalizing switches and closing tie switches of the network for loss reduction and voltage profile improvement. The distribution network for existing and reconfiguration conditions are modelled and simulated by Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) 7.5 version software. The inputs are given based on the real time data collected from 33/11kV substations under Yangon Electricity Supply Board (YESB). The proposed method is tested on 110-Bus, overhead AC radial distribution network of Dagon Seikkan Township since it is long-length, overloaded lines and high level of power dissipation is occurred in this system. According to simulation results of load flow analysis, voltage profile enhancement and power loss reduction for proposed system are revealed in this paper

Wavelet Analysis and Classification of Urban Environment Using High -Resolution Multispectral Image Data.

Attempts to analyze urban features and classify land use and land cover directly from high-resolution satellite data with traditional computer classification techniques have proven to be inefficient. The fundamental problem usually found in identifying urban land cover types from high-resolution satellite imagery is that urban areas are composed of diverse materials (metal, glass, concrete, asphalt, plastic, trees, soil, etc.). These materials, each of which may have completely different spectral characteristics, are combined in complex ways by human beings. Hence, each urban land cover type may contain several different objects with different reflectance values. Noisy appearance with lots of edges, and the complex nature of these images, inhibit accurate interpretation of urban features. Traditional classifiers employ spectral information based on single pixel value and ignore a great amount of spatial information. Texture features play an important role in image segmentation and object recognition, as well as interpretation of images in a variety of applications ranging from medical imaging to remote sensing. This study analyzed urban texture features in multi-spectral image data. Recent development in the mathematical theory of wavelet transform has received overwhelming attention by the image analysts. An evaluation of the ability of wavelet transform and other texture analysis algorithms in urban feature extraction and classification was performed in this study. Advanced Thermal Land Application Sensor (ATLAS) image data at 2.5 m spatial resolution acquired with 15 channel (0.45 mum--12.2 mum) were used for this research. The data were collected by a NASA Stennis LearJet 23 flying at 6600 feet over Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on May 7, 1999. The algorithms examined were the wavelet transforms, spatial co-occurrence matrix, fractal analysis, and spatial autocorrelation. The performance of the above approaches with the use of different window sizes, different channels, and different feature measures were investigated. Six types of urban land cover features were evaluated. Wavelet transform was found to be far more efficient than other advanced spatial methods. The results of this research indicate that the accuracy of texture analysis in classifying urban features in fine resolution image data could be significantly improved with the use of wavelet transform approach

Numerical Flow Analysis of an Axial Flow Pump

This paper describes the detailed study of fluid flows in an axial pump that includes impeller and guide vanes. And the comparisons of flow simulations of the axial pump impeller with guide vanes and without guide vanes are carried out in this paper. In addition to this, the effect of number of guide blades on flow behaviours is analysed numerically. The computational results are performed by using one of CFD commercial software, Solidworks Flow Simulation. The input design data of the model pump are the flow rate of 0.2m3, head of 3m and the rotational speed of 1160 rpm. The outer and inner diameter of impeller is 0.3m and 0.15m respectively. . And the impeller with four blades is used in this paper. The guide blade number is varied to 5,7,9nbsp with the same input data and other geometric parameters keep constant. In this study, the nature of velocities and pressures in an axial flow pump is analysed. The comparisons are averaged flow velocities, static pressure rise, dynamic pressure and total pressure.nbs

Evaluation of Differential Evolution Algorithm with Various Mutation Strategies for Clustering Problems

Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) based pattern recognition has emerged as an alternative solution to data analysis problems to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of mining processes. Differential Evolution (DE) is one rival and powerful instance of EAs, and DE has been successfully used for cluster analysis in recent years. Mutation strategy, one of the main processes of DE, uses scaled differences of individuals that are chosen randomly from the population to generate a mutant (trial) vector. The achievement of the DE algorithm for solving optimization problems highly relies on an adopted mutation strategy. In this paper, an empirical study was presented to investigate the effectiveness of six frequently used mutation strategies for solving clustering problems. The experimental tests were conducted on the most widely used data set for EAs based clustering, and the quality of cluster solutions and convergence characteristics of DE variants were evaluated. The obtained results pointed out that the mutation strategies that use the guidance information from the best solution mange to find more stable results whereas the random mutation strategies are able to find high quality solutions with slower convergence rate. This study aims to provide some information and insights to develop better DE mutation schemes for clustering

Hemoglobin E prevalence in malaria-endemic villages in Myanmar.

The population of Myanmar comprises 8 major indigenous races (Bamar, Kayin, Kachin, Shan, Rakhine, Mon, Chin, and Kayah). The Bamar reside in the 7 central divisions of the country, and the others reside in the 7 peripheral states that border neighboring countries, including China, Laos, and Thailand in the east and India and Bangladesh in the west. Both malaria and HbE are endemic in Myanmar, although the actual prevalence of the latter in the different indigenous races is not yet known. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was performed in 4 malaria-endemic villages, each having a different predominating indigenous race. The overall prevalence of HbE was 11.4% (52/456 villagers), ranging from 2-6% in the Kayin-predominant villages to 13.1-24.4% in the Bamar-predominant villages. Although the overall HbE prevalence in the villages studied was not significantly different from that of the general Myanmar population, this study strongly documented the influence of racial differences on the prevalence of HbE in Myanmar. To prevent and control severe thalassemia syndromes in Myanmar, extensive prevalence studies of the country?s indigenous races are suggested.</p

A geographically weighted regression approach to understanding urbanization impacts on urban warming and cooling: a case study of Las Vegas

A surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect is one of the most significant consequences of urbanization. Great progress has been made in evaluating the SUHI with cross-sectional studies performed in a number of cities across the globe. Few studies; however, have focused on the spatiotemporal changes in an area over a long period of time. Using multi-temporal remote sensing data sets, this study examined the spatiotemporal changes of the SUHI intensity in Las Vegas, Nevada, over a 15-year period from 2001 to 2016. We applied the geographically weighted regression (GWR) and advanced statistical approaches to investigating the SUHI variation in relation to several important biophysical indicators in the region. The results show that (1) Las Vegas had experienced a significant increase in the SUHI over the 15 years, (2) Vegetation and large and small water bodies in the city can help mitigate the SUHI effect and the cooling effect of vegetation had increased continuously from 2001 to 2016, (3) An urban heat sink (UHS) was identified in developed areas with low to moderate intensity, and (4) Increased surface temperatures were mainly driven by the urbanization-induced land conversions occurred over the 15 years. Findings from this study will inspire thoughts on practical guidelines for SUHI mitigation in a fast-growing desert city