A Generic Checkpoint-Restart Mechanism for Virtual Machines

It is common today to deploy complex software inside a virtual machine (VM). Snapshots provide rapid deployment, migration between hosts, dependability (fault tolerance), and security (insulating a guest VM from the host). Yet, for each virtual machine, the code for snapshots is laboriously developed on a per-VM basis. This work demonstrates a generic checkpoint-restart mechanism for virtual machines. The mechanism is based on a plugin on top of an unmodified user-space checkpoint-restart package, DMTCP. Checkpoint-restart is demonstrated for three virtual machines: Lguest, user-space QEMU, and KVM/QEMU. The plugins for Lguest and KVM/QEMU require just 200 lines of code. The Lguest kernel driver API is augmented by 40 lines of code. DMTCP checkpoints user-space QEMU without any new code. KVM/QEMU, user-space QEMU, and DMTCP need no modification. The design benefits from other DMTCP features and plugins. Experiments demonstrate checkpoint and restart in 0.2 seconds using forked checkpointing, mmap-based fast-restart, and incremental Btrfs-based snapshots

A Study on the Influence of Customer Sales Promotion Tools Based on Customer Income

This study is important as it provides analysis regarding the influence of the total customer-centric promotion tools according to the total income status of the customers crucially. This study has formulated the basic approach to the topic and also prompted different considerable promotions. Aims and objectives are formulated as per the strategic customer-centric procedures that are relevant in pursuing the entire study. Moreover, a literature review has resulted in a critical analysis of the study, and in this study, the secondary qualitative analysis is performed to manage the overall requirements. This study has been developed according to the factual information and theories are intended to present the study in a proper manner

Gender and career advancement in the sciences: a Thai case study

This thesis is aimed to exploring a gender difference in scientific careers by presenting empirical evidence from Thailand, and also at evaluating the impact of different types of organisation: higher education and research institute sectors on gender and academic career progress. In order to understand gender dimensions in Thai academic careers, a multilevel analysis (Layder, 1993) is employed as a guide. With the pragmatic paradigm, the strength of this research has drawn both quantitative and qualitative approaches. In comparison to the developed world, Thailand, a country with relatively low competency in science has progressive numeric indices of the status of women in science. However, the findings of this study highlight the existence of a gender gap in rewards. Particularly, female academics in Thai higher education were found worse than their counterparts in the research institute sector as a result of certain organisational characteristics. This study reveals that Thai women in science remain under threat at different levels: constraints of the national scientific policy which focuses on engineering; Thai scientific organisational norms in favour of men; women’s limitations in social connections; and gendered roles which compel women to put family before career. On top of that, though Thai women perceive gender inequality in academic careers, they tend to disregard it. In order to eliminate gender disparities, Thai female academics need to raise their professional status through a range of activities: achieving privileged academic qualifications; joining each other through formal networks; adopting a male working style; deploying a conflict avoidance strategy; relying on rules and regulations; being single; and drawing on support from family and colleagues. However, it is noteworthy that some of these strategies seem to hinder women’ssuccess in science as well. Overall, the findings support the argument that although Thai female academics may try to devise strategies to survive in their careers, the success of such attempts often depends on structural norms which generate opportunities for them

Effect of Background Intensity on Resolution

The paper discusses the effect of background intensity on the resolving power tables, illustrated by graphs, have been given for the variation of resolving power with background intensity in case of Fabry-Perot etalon, prism, grating and reflecting echelon, and when the instrumental width is negligible

Shrinkage Effect of Close Components in Spectroscopic Instruments

Neglecting the Doppler width, the author has calculated the shift of maxima caused by mutual overlapping of intensity patterns of very close spectral lines for a number of spectroscopic instruments. A table, which may be used to correct for shrinkage effect has been given for Fabry Perot ctalon. The value of the resolving power of Fabry Perot etalon according to Abbe’s criterion has also boon refined taking into account the shrinkage effect

On Dependence of Resolving Power of Prism, Grating and Reflecting Echelon on Stage of Resolution and Detecting Instrument

he authors have discussed the variation of resolving power of prism, grating and reflecting echelon with the value chosen for 1min/1max at limiting resolution, which is characteristic of the stage of resolution desired and the detecting instrument

Performance Evaluation of Greenhouse Having Passive or Active Heating in Different Climatic Zones of India

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 9 (2007): Performance Evaluation of Greenhouse Having Passive or Active Heating in Different Climatic Zones of India. Manuscript EE 06 011. Vol. IX. May, 2007

Gender Differences and Political Deliberations on Social Media

Social media has emerged as an arena for political deliberation. Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp are major platforms where political debates/deliberation take place. This study was undertaken to investigate if attitude and perception towards these online platforms for political deliberation differs for male and female. For this purpose, a quantitative study was conducted using a structured questionnaire among 400 students of a private university. The finding suggests that males are more likely to be involved on political deliberation on social media than their female counterparts. Also male students value social media as an arena for political deliberation more than their female students