55 research outputs found

    Étude des scĂ©narios de fin de vie des biocomposites : vieillissement et retransformation de biocomposites PP/farine de bois et PLA/fibres de lin

    No full text
    Nowadays, biocomposite materials are booming and will be a growing end-of-life issue for the future. They are based on a thermoplastic matrix (oil-based or bio-based) reinforced with vegetable fillers or fibers. Consequently, the study of their end of life through recycling, composting and incineration is a scientific and technologic challenge.The first goal of this thesis is to study the reprocessing end of life (successive injection and grinding cycles) of polypropylene (PP) based biocomposites filled with wood flour. The impact of the wood particle size and a coupling agent was assessed. Thus, a very good mechanical stability was observed up to 7 reprocessing cycles despite some degradation from the material components. Then, the reprocessing after artificial or natural UV weathering was carried out. The major trend is a “regeneration” phenomenon of mechanical properties after reprocessing in spite of strong degradations after UV weathering. Moreover, the addition of wood filler tends to restrain the PP photochemical degradation.The second goal is to study the end of life of polylactic acid (PLA) based biocomposites reinforced with flax fibers. The impact of the composition, the processing technic and humidity weathering on the reprocessing was assessed. Similar “regeneration” phenomena were observed leading to conclude to the beneficial effect of reprocessing. Then composting and biodegradation aspects were investigated. Heat release rate measurements enabled to estimate the incineration potential which could be linked to the PLA degradation rate.Les matĂ©riaux biocomposites, en particulier les composites matrice thermoplastique biosourcĂ©e ou non renforcĂ©e de charges ou de fibres vĂ©gĂ©tales, connaissent actuellement un essor significatif et prĂ©sentent pour l'avenir un gisement grandissant de matiĂšres en fin de vie. En consĂ©quence, l'Ă©tude du comportement de ces matĂ©riaux au regard de diffĂ©rents scĂ©narios de fin de vie que sont le recyclage mĂ©canique, le compostage et l'incinĂ©ration constitue un enjeu scientifique et technologique important. Le premier objectif de cette thĂšse est d'Ă©tudier la fin de vie par retransformation (cycles successifs d'injection et de broyage) de biocomposites Ă  matrice polypropylĂšne (PP) chargĂ© de farine de bois. L'impact de la taille des particules de bois et d'un agent de couplage a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©. Une trĂšs bonne stabilitĂ© mĂ©canique jusqu'Ă  7 cycles de retransformation a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e malgrĂ© des dĂ©gradations des diffĂ©rents composants du matĂ©riau. Le comportement face Ă  la retransformation aprĂšs vieillissement artificiel accĂ©lĂ©rĂ© ou aprĂšs une exposition naturelle en extĂ©rieur a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©. La tendance majeure dĂ©gagĂ©e est un phĂ©nomĂšne de « rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration » des propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques par retransformation, et cela malgrĂ© des dĂ©gradations importantes aprĂšs vieillissement. Il a Ă©tĂ© Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© observĂ© que l'ajout de bois a tendance Ă  limiter la photodĂ©gradation du PP. Le second objectif est d'Ă©tudier la fin de vie de biocomposites Ă  matrice acide polylactique (PLA) renforcĂ© de fibres de lin. L'impact de diffĂ©rents paramĂštres de formulation, de la technique de mise en Ɠuvre et d'un vieillissement hygrothermique sur la retransformation de ces matĂ©riaux a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©. Les mĂȘmes phĂ©nomĂšnes de « rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration » sont observĂ©s, ce qui montre l'effet bĂ©nĂ©fique de la retransformation. La fin de vie par compostage et par biodĂ©gradation est traitĂ©e. Des mesures d'Ă©nergies de combustion ont enfin permis d'estimer le potentiel de valorisation par incinĂ©ration qui serait en lien avec le niveau de dĂ©gradation du PLA

    Study of biocomposite end-of-life scenarios

    No full text
    Les matĂ©riaux biocomposites, en particulier les composites matrice thermoplastique biosourcĂ©e ou non renforcĂ©e de charges ou de fibres vĂ©gĂ©tales, connaissent actuellement un essor significatif et prĂ©sentent pour l'avenir un gisement grandissant de matiĂšres en fin de vie. En consĂ©quence, l'Ă©tude du comportement de ces matĂ©riaux au regard de diffĂ©rents scĂ©narios de fin de vie que sont le recyclage mĂ©canique, le compostage et l'incinĂ©ration constitue un enjeu scientifique et technologique important. Le premier objectif de cette thĂšse est d'Ă©tudier la fin de vie par retransformation (cycles successifs d'injection et de broyage) de biocomposites Ă  matrice polypropylĂšne (PP) chargĂ© de farine de bois. L'impact de la taille des particules de bois et d'un agent de couplage a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©. Une trĂšs bonne stabilitĂ© mĂ©canique jusqu'Ă  7 cycles de retransformation a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e malgrĂ© des dĂ©gradations des diffĂ©rents composants du matĂ©riau. Le comportement face Ă  la retransformation aprĂšs vieillissement artificiel accĂ©lĂ©rĂ© ou aprĂšs une exposition naturelle en extĂ©rieur a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©. La tendance majeure dĂ©gagĂ©e est un phĂ©nomĂšne de « rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration » des propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques par retransformation, et cela malgrĂ© des dĂ©gradations importantes aprĂšs vieillissement. Il a Ă©tĂ© Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© observĂ© que l'ajout de bois a tendance Ă  limiter la photodĂ©gradation du PP. Le second objectif est d'Ă©tudier la fin de vie de biocomposites Ă  matrice acide polylactique (PLA) renforcĂ© de fibres de lin. L'impact de diffĂ©rents paramĂštres de formulation, de la technique de mise en Ɠuvre et d'un vieillissement hygrothermique sur la retransformation de ces matĂ©riaux a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©. Les mĂȘmes phĂ©nomĂšnes de « rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration » sont observĂ©s, ce qui montre l'effet bĂ©nĂ©fique de la retransformation. La fin de vie par compostage et par biodĂ©gradation est traitĂ©e. Des mesures d'Ă©nergies de combustion ont enfin permis d'estimer le potentiel de valorisation par incinĂ©ration qui serait en lien avec le niveau de dĂ©gradation du PLA.Nowadays, biocomposite materials are booming and will be a growing end-of-life issue for the future. They are based on a thermoplastic matrix (oil-based or bio-based) reinforced with vegetable fillers or fibers. Consequently, the study of their end of life through recycling, composting and incineration is a scientific and technologic challenge.The first goal of this thesis is to study the reprocessing end of life (successive injection and grinding cycles) of polypropylene (PP) based biocomposites filled with wood flour. The impact of the wood particle size and a coupling agent was assessed. Thus, a very good mechanical stability was observed up to 7 reprocessing cycles despite some degradation from the material components. Then, the reprocessing after artificial or natural UV weathering was carried out. The major trend is a “regeneration” phenomenon of mechanical properties after reprocessing in spite of strong degradations after UV weathering. Moreover, the addition of wood filler tends to restrain the PP photochemical degradation.The second goal is to study the end of life of polylactic acid (PLA) based biocomposites reinforced with flax fibers. The impact of the composition, the processing technic and humidity weathering on the reprocessing was assessed. Similar “regeneration” phenomena were observed leading to conclude to the beneficial effect of reprocessing. Then composting and biodegradation aspects were investigated. Heat release rate measurements enabled to estimate the incineration potential which could be linked to the PLA degradation rate

    End of life of PLA and flax fiber reinforced PLA biocomposite

    No full text
    International audienceThis work aims to investigate the impact of artificial and natural weathering on the end of life of polylactic acid and flax fiber reinforced polylactic acid composite. The studied end-of-life scenarios are reprocessing, composting and incineration. Numerous characterization test results lead to understand the degradation behaviors involved through weathering and end-oflife treatments

    Sunlight and marine weathering of poly(oxymethylene): Evolution of the physico-chemical properties

    No full text
    International audienceAbstract The Tara Microplastics mission was conducted for 7 months to investigate plastic pollution along nine major rivers in Europe—Thames, Elbe, Rhine, Seine, Loire, Garonne, Ebro, Rhone, and Tiber. An extensive suite of sampling protocols was applied at four to five sites on each river along a salinity gradient from the sea and the outer estuary to downstream and upstream of the first heavily populated city. Biophysicochemical parameters including salinity, temperature, irradiance, particulate matter, large and small microplastics (MPs) concentration and composition, prokaryote and microeukaryote richness, and diversity on MPs and in the surrounding waters were routinely measured onboard the French research vessel Tara or from a semi-rigid boat in shallow waters. In addition, macroplastic and microplastic concentrations and composition were determined on river banks and beaches. Finally, cages containing either pristine pieces of plastics in the form of films or granules, and others containing mussels were immersed at each sampling site, 1 month prior to sampling in order to study the metabolic activity of the plastisphere by meta-OMICS and to run toxicity tests and pollutants analyses. Here, we fully described the holistic set of protocols designed for the Mission Tara Microplastics and promoted standard procedures to achieve its ambitious goals: (1) compare traits of plastic pollution among European rivers, (2) provide a baseline of the state of plastic pollution in the Anthropocene, (3) predict their evolution in the frame of the current European initiatives, (4) shed light on the toxicological effects of plastic on aquatic life, (5) model the transport of microplastics from land towards the sea, and (6) investigate the potential impact of pathogen or invasive species rafting on drifting plastics from the land to the sea through riverine systems

    Recycling process of wood flour reinforced polypropylene composites

    No full text
    International audienceThis work deals with the influence of multiple injection moulding cycles on the properties of wood flour reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. The initial wood particle size in the range of 70-150 ÎŒm and 200-500 ÎŒm was first studied. Then, the influence of the addition of a coupling agent such as polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PPgma) at a given rate was investigated. Biocomposite compounds (20wt% of wood flour) are produced by twin-screw extrusion. Then, multiple injection/grinding cycles were performed (up to 7 passes) to obtain normalized samples. Mechanical (tensile, impact) and thermal (cristallinity rate) properties of the biocomposites are evaluated. The change of viscosity is assessed through rheological measurements
    • 

    corecore