Cryptands and bismacrocycles with cyanuric and isocyanuric units: synthesis and structural investigations

Hay synthesis of cryptands and bismacrocycles starting from tripodands with cyanuric and isocyanuric cores is reported. The structure of the compounds is revealed by X-ray diffraction, NMR spectrometry and MS investigations. DNMR experiments carried out with bismacrocycles indicated the flipping of the rings and the free-energy barrier for the conformational process could be determined in one case. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

FOOD CONTAMINANTS - DIOXINS AND PCBs LIKE COMPOUNDS -

Dioxins are very persistent unwanted by-products of the manufacture of certain industrial chemicals or are produced during various combustion and incineration processes. From the 1930s until the 1970s, PCBs were produced in many industrial countries, including the United Kingdom. The main purpose of this production was for use in electrical equipment. Dioxins and PCBs are environmental contaminants which find their way in very low concentrations into many food sources. They are particularly found in fatty foods, including milk. Although the industrial sources of dioxins and PCBs are now strictly controlled, both groups of chemicals are very persistent and will remain in the environment for many more years. Dioxin is an unintended byproduct of natural events such as volcanoes and forest fires as well as manmade processes such as manufacturing, incineration, paper and pulp bleaching, and exhaust emissions. It is found throughout the industrialized world in air, water, soil as well as in food. Exposure to dioxin can come through working in industries where dioxin is a byproduct, industrial accidents, through food and human breast milk and in drinking water. Overall, exposure to dioxin sources by skin contact or breathing has very small incidence. Despite the presence of dioxins in human milk, breast-feeding should be encouraged and promoted on the basis of convincing evidence of its benefits to the overall health and development of the infant

LA VÉRITÉ NÉGOCIÉE DANS L’OEUVRE D’IBSEN

Negotiating truth in the works of Ibsen. Truth can be regarded as a complex, often multi-faceted notion in the literary universe of Henrik Ibsen. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the discursive (as well as fictional) nature of truth in Wild duck and Ghosts, presenting it as a consequence of social negotiation. I hypothesize that the perishing bodies of Hedvig and Osvald respectively illustrate not only a typical 19th Century fascination for heredity, but also symptoms of hidden truths, widely considered as vicious in the mostly rural, traditional Norway that Ibsen frequently depicts. Being the reincarnations of their respective fathers and therefore bringing forward their vitalist heritage, the two children are the objects of a double anamnesis (made by both the reader and the other characters) – medical and social. The two are connected by the hereditary and degenerative nature of their illness, which implies that finding the cause will undoubtedly reveal a vice that has been transmitted in family. In effect, Hedvig’s blindness connects her to her real father, while Osvald’s syphilis is a sign of his father’s debauchery. Even though these facts – eventually released into the community – could provoke a greater debate about moral values and their limits or question authority, they are instead integrated into various discourses and fictions that negate or dissimulate the realities they present, therefore preserving the statu-quo. REZUMAT. Adevărul negociat în opera lui Ibsen. În universul literar al lui Henrik Ibsen, adevărul poate fi considerat drept o noțiune complexă, pluri-fațetată. În această lucrare, voi demonstra că, în piesele Rața sălbatică și Strigoii, adevărul ibsenian are o natură discursivă (dar și ficțională), fiind consecința unei negocieri în comunitate. Pornesc de la prezumția că trupurile maladive ale lui Hedvig și Osvald ilustrează nu numai o fascinație tipică a secolului al XIX-lea pentru ereditate, ci și simptome ale unor adevăruri ascunse, considerate drept vicioase în Norvegia (în mare parte) rurală și tradițională pe care Ibsen o ilustrează frecvent. Fiind reîncarnările părinților lor și, prin urmare, reprezentând moștenirea lor vitalistă, cei doi copii sunt obiectele unei duble anamneze (realizate atât de cititor, cât și de celelalte personaje) - medicale și sociale. Aceste două laturi sunt conectate prin natura ereditară și degenerativă a bolilor, ceea ce implică faptul că găsirea cauzei va dezvălui, fără îndoială, un viciu transmis în familie. În fapt, orbirea lui Hedvig o leagă de tatăl ei adevărat, în timp ce sifilisul lui Osvald este un semn al libertinajului tatălui său. Chiar dacă aceste realități - diseminate în cele din urmă în comunitate - ar putea provoca o dezbatere de largă amploare cu privire la valorile morale și la limitele lor sau chestiona autoritatea, ele sunt integrate în diverse discursuri și ficțiuni care neagă sau disimulează realitățile pe care le prezintă, păstrând așadar statu-quo-ul. Cuvinte cheie: Ibsen, adevăr, ereditate, simptom, anamneză, medical, social, diagnostic, negocier

L’IDEOLOGIE EN PERSPECTIVE : LA DEMARCHE HISTORIQUE DE MIHAI IOVĂNEL

Ideology in Perspective – Mihai Iovănel’s Historical Approach. The History of Contemporary Romanian Literature by Mihai Iovănel brings back into question the present of Romanian literature both in terms of content and methods of analysis. In the present paper, Socaci dwells on the ambivalence between a materialist view and a critical one in the traditional sense—that is, one whose main function is to judge—with the aim of showing the limits of the socioanalysis that the author proposes. Considering the critic as a key player in the literary field and whose positioning is subject to complex schemes of perception, Socaci analyses the implications of the assumed but unquestioned subjectivity in the construction of the proposed overview, with an emphasis on the symbolic violence manifested by insufficient argumentation or by exclusion. Socaci\u27s approach values concepts proposed by Pierre Bourdieu and other sociologists of literature, thus indicating that the contradictory dispositions of the critic work together to produce a methodologically eclectic work, as it proposes an analysis of external factors, but not of the subject placed in the role of the analyst. However, the scholastic discourse that does not question the perspective from which it is constructed fortunately contributes to the actualization of the literary present, by establishing a rapport of retroactive historicity (Jérôme David), in which novels (Mara) or literary postures (Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Ibrăileanu) are legitimized by their role as precursors of some critical directions and artistic movements present in Iovănel’s contemporaneity. Thus, the proposed overview is in the service of a structural, sociologically aware analysis, and can therefore be considered a founding block in the necessary accumulations towards a national grand récit, similar to the one proposed by Pierre Bourdieu in Les Règles de l’art. Article history: Received 21 May 2022; Revised 19 July 2022; Accepted 31 August 2022; Available online 20 September 2022; Available print 30 September 2022 REZUMAT. Ideologia în perspectivă – demersul istoric al lui Mihai Iovănel. Apariția Istoriei scrise de Mihai Iovănel repune în discuție prezentul literaturii române atât în ce privește conținutul, cât și metodele de analiză. În lucrarea de față, mă opresc asupra ambivalenței dintre o privire materialistă și una critică în sens tradițional, adică a cărei funcție principală este de a judeca, cu scopul de a arăta limitele socioanalizei pe care autorul o propune. Considerând criticul drept un actant a cărui poziționare este supusă unor scheme complexe de percepție, analizez implicațiile subiectivității asumate, dar neinterogate în construcția panoramei propuse, cu accent pe violența simbolică manifestată prin argumentarea insuficientă sau prin excludere. Abordarea mea valorizează concepte propuse de Pierre Bourdieu și de alți sociologi ai literaturii, indicând astfel faptul că dispozițiile contradictorii ale criticului conlucrează la producerea unei opere eclectice din punct de vedere metodologic, căci propune o analiză a factorilor exteriori, dar nu și a subiectului plasat în rolul analistului. Cu toate acestea, discursul scolastic care nu pune în discuție perspectiva din care este construit contribuie în mod fericit la reactualizarea prezentului, prin instituirea unui raport de istoricitate retroactivă, în care opere (Mara) sau posturi literare (Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Ibrăileanu) sunt consacrate prin faptul că funcționează drept precursori ai unor direcții și mișcări prezente în contemporaneitatea criticului. Astfel, panorama propusă se pune în serviciul unei analize structurale, sociologizante (în sensul Magdei Răduță), putând fi deci considerată o piesă în acumulările necesare către un grand récit național, de tipul celui propus de Pierre Bourdieu în Regulile artei. Cuvinte-cheie: istorie literară, sociologie, poziții literare, violența simbolică, subiectivitat

OPTIMIZATION OF GC-MS PARAMETERS FOR THE HOP ESSENTIAL OIL ANALYIS

The present study includes researches regarding the composition of hop essential oil. The essential oil was extracted from the plant material using the hydrodistillation technique. The analyses of the composition of hop essential oil were carried out by using a GC-MS system. The chemical constituents of the essential oil were separated and identified using the GC-MS NIST libraries

Content Evaluation on Organochlorine Pesticides in Local Vegetables

According to Codex Alimentarius, pesticides are considered as chemicals that prevent, suppress, destroy and repel some pests during manufacture, storage, transport or processing of food, feed and agricultural goods. These chemicals can also be used as plant growth regulator, as defoliant, agent inhibition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content of organochlorine pesticides in  home-grown vegetables products. The objectives were the establishment of the working matrices and the organochlorine pesticides determination in the matrices chosen by GS method. Due to the high cost of analysis, the vegetable matrix was consisted in 12 sample- lettuce and spinach samples grown in garden and  roots samples (carrots, parsley, parsnip and celery) from both home-grown production. Organochlorine pesticide residues were extracted from the sample with acetonitrile and petroleum ether, purified by passage through florisil column and eluted with a mixture of ethyl ether and petroleum ether. Concentrated eluate was subjected to gas chromatographic determination.In all examined samples, there were identified organochlorine pesticide residues with high residual, HCH, DDE, DDT, DDD, endosulfan, and heptachlor, some being above the maximum allowed by European legislatio

GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ROSEMARY ESSENTIAL OIL

The present study includes researches regarding the composition of rosemary essential oil depending on the age of the plant. The essential oils were extracted from 4 samples of plant material having different age, using the hydrodistillation technique. The analyses of the composition of essential oils were carried out by using a GC-MS system. The chemical constituents of the essential oil were separated and identified using the GC-MS NIST libraries

The Evaluation of Prenylflavonoids Compounds in Romanian Beer

The evalution of prenylflavonoids from Romanian beer was done by an analytical methodology based on sample purification by centrifugation and subsequent analysis of the beer by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry MS/MS detection. In commercial beers less than 50 µg/l was found for XN, showing that a significant lost of this compound occurs during the brewing process. The isoxanthohumol is was found as principal prenylflavonoid in beer. The major concentration of prenylflavonoids was found in dark beer at 0.318 mg/l

Revaluation of Waste Yeast from Beer Production

Brewing yeast is an important waste product from beer production. The valorification of slurry yeast mainly consists of separation of vitamins and important nitrogen compounds. The hops compounds, one of the most important raw materials in beer technology are removed beforehand valorification. The prenylflavonoids compounds from hops are important bioactive compounds that can be revaluation with proper technology. Revaluation of prenylflavonoids from waste yeast into dietary supplement, identification and quantification of xanthohumol by HPLC method. Waste yeast from brewery pilot plant of USAMV Cluj Napoca it was dried by atomization and the powder was analyzed on xanthohumol content by HPLC method. For quantification a calibration curve it was used. The process of drying by atomisation lead to a powder product. It was used malt dextrin powder for stabilisation. The final product it was encapsulated. The xanthohumol content of powdered yeast it was 1.94 µg/ml. In conclusion the slurry yeast from beer production it is an important source of prenylflavonoids compounds

The Accurence of Pesticides Residues after the Wheat Expanding Process

Analysis was taken in a lot of pearl barley wheat suspected presence of substances that when expanding cause skin irritation to workers who executed the operation. The objective of this work consisted in the analysis of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GS-MS) of wheat samples used in obtaining expanded products,compared with samples of wheat resulting foam, in order, highlighting the residue of chemical contaminants. Since no information about a possible presence of contaminants, was identified from the two drop chromatograms using mass spectra and their comparison with mass spectra library of mass spectra of NIST existence. Further analysis was done on a comparative trickle chromatograms through duplication occurring at the same time retention highlighting to any concentration or dilution of the compounds identified in the two matrices respectively: wheat and expanded wheat