Experimental Study of Stage-Discharge Relationships for Flows over Radial Gates and Flap Gates

Weirs and Gate

Hyperbolicity preserving HLL solver for two-layer shallow-water equations applied to dam-break flows

River morphodynamics and sediment transportDebris and hyperconcentrated flow

CARACTERÍSTICAS DOS IDOSOS COM HIV/AIDS NOTIFICADOS NO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO / CHARACTERISTICS OF ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN STATE OF MARANHÃO, BRAZIL

Introdução: A infecção pelo HIV representa, um grave problema da saúde pública, que aliado à mudança do perfil populacional no Brasil, tem demonstrado o aumento da incidência de HIV/Aids na população acima dos 60 anos, emergindo como desafio no sentido do estabelecimento de estratégias nas políticas públicas buscando medidas preventivas e melhoria da qualidade de vida dessa população. Objetivo: Analisar os casos de síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida entre os idosos no Estado do Maranhão. Método: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa do tipo descritiva com idosos notificados com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) entre os anos de 1989 a 2008. As informações foram obtidas por meio do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Maranhão. As variáveis investigadas foram: sexo, raça/cor, escolaridade, categoria de exposição e município de residência. Resultados: Dos 74 casos notificados, a maioria era do sexo masculino com 58 (78,4%); a faixa etária mais acometida foi de 60 a 64 anos com 47 (63,5%) casos. A escolaridade mais frequente foi entre quatro a sete anos de estudo (23,0%). Em relação à raça/cor 43,2% dos casos foram registrados como ignorado e 40,5% registrados pela raça/cor parda. Predominou a categoria de exposição heterossexual (52,7%). Conclusão: Os idosos notificados com aids foram na maioria do sexo masculino, a categoria de exposição a heterossexual e com baixa escolaridade. Enfatiza-se que estratégias como ações educativas voltadas para os idosos podem contribuir para a prevenção e refletindo na melhoria da qualidade assistencial.Palavras-chave: Idoso, Epidemiologia, Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida.AbstractIntroduction: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in elderly has been a topic discussed in the present time. It calls the attention of health professionals due to its impact on this population and the collective health. Objective: to analyze aids cases among the elderly in the State of Maranhão, Brazil. Method: It is a retrospective review developed with the information of the Information System of Grievances for Reported Diseases (SINAN) of the Health Secretary of the State of Maranhão, including elderly reported with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) between 1989 and 2008. The variables considered included: gender, race, and education, type of exposure and city of residence. Results: 74 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases were reported. It was observed more frequency of males (58 or 78.4%); the age group most affected was that between 60 and 64 years (47 or 63.5%). It was observed that 17 (23.0%) cases had between four and seven years of education. In matter of race/color 43 (43.2%) cases were reported as unknown, and 30 (40.5%) reported as mixed race. The predominant type of exposure was through heterosexual contact in 39 (52.7%) elderly. Conclusion: Aids in the elderly mainly affects males, heterosexuals with low education in the state of Maranhão, Brazil.Keywords: Elderly, Epidemiology, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

estudos artísticos

A revista Gama prossegue o aprofundamento da sua linha editorial específica e dentro do projeto mais alargado de desafiar criadores a debaterem e apresentar a obra de outros criadores, dentro do espaço descentrado que é o universo dos idiomas ibéricos. Trata-se de, dentro deste tema mais abrangente, revisitar arquivos, autores de épocas um pouco recuadas, de resgatar do esquecimento o património que existe e urge apresentar, discutir, colocar em ação, fazer funcionar, pela voz dos artistas. A arte necessita de ser ativada por intermédio do pensamento, e com ele, do discurso. Há vozes silenciosas que aguardam olhos, ouvidos, inquietações, deslumbramentos. Quando uma peça é descoberta é como se voltasse a ser feita: esse é o paradoxo do documento. A arte é vestígio e ao mesmo tempo universalidade, eternidade. É local e total. É sempre, em simultâneo, sem contradição, facto e possibilidade, presença e ausência. Os vinte e quatro artigos apresentados neste número cinco da Revista Gama oferecem outros tantos pontos de vista sobre os discursos artísticos. Recupera-se obra desconhecida, mostram-se obras, descobrem-se autores desaparecidos. Aqui a arte depositou-se, precipitou-se, tornou-se visível ao resgate. O resgate, operação de amor, é feito por artistas. Os públicos estão no futuro, à nossa espera.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dam-break induced flows in complex topographies. Theoretical, numerical and experimental approaches

Accès au résumé via l'hyperlienDoctorat en sciences appliquées (FSA 3)--UCL, 200

Modelling of fast hydraulic transients: issues, challenges, perspectives

The paper proposes an overview of different modelling approaches used for severe transients, particularly dam-break waves. One-, two- and three-dimensional approaches are briefly recalled with some examples in order to highlight their strengths and weaknesses, especially regarding the accurate speed of information through the numerical schemes. Two examples are developed with more details in order to highlight the result sensitivity to the selected model: the classical circular dam break and its dependency on the mesh, and the behaviour of the dam-break flow in a 90° bend. Experimental data are also presented in order to show that, even in the near-field, hydrostatic pressure assumption has a limited impact on the accuracy. Some results from Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics are also compared to common Eulerian approaches. In order to use the best of each approach, hybrid methods are also considered through the example of the 90° bend. Fast transients generally induce erosion and deposition of large amounts of sediment. The challenge is now to account for the inertia of the sediments suddenly mobilised. A two-layer model is proposed, with some assumptions, not wholly in line with experimental observations, but with promising results. Several improvements are tested but closure equations remain delicate and require more fundamental investigations

Self-similar solutions of shallow water equations with porosity

International audienceSimulated free surface transients in periodic urban layouts have been reported to be self-similar in the space-time domain when averaged on the scale of the building period. Such self-similarity is incompatible with the head loss model formulae used in most porosity-based shallow water models. Verifying it experimentally is thus of salient importance. New dam-break flow laboratory experiments are reported, where two different configurations of idealized periodic buildings layouts are explored. A space-time analysis of the experimental water level fields validates the self-similar character of the flow. Simulating the experiment using the two-dimensional shallow water model also yields self-similar period-averaged flow solutions. Then, the Single Porosity (SP), Integral Porosity (IP) and Dual Integral Porosity (DIP) models are applied. Although all three models behave in a similar fashion when the storage and connectivity porosities are close to each other, the DIP model is the one that upscales best the refined 2D solution

Experimental validation of transient source term in porosity-based shallow water models

Porosity-based shallow water models for the simulation of urban floods incorporate additional energy dissipation terms compared to the usual two-dimensional shallow water equations. These terms account for head losses stemming from building drag. They are usually modelled using turbulence-based equations of state (drag proportional to the squared velocity). However, refined numerical simulations of wave propagation in periodic urban layouts indicate that such drag models do not suffice to reproduce energy dissipation properly. Correct wave propagation speeds, energy dissipation rates and flow fields are obtained by incorporating a new type of source term, active only under transient situations involving positive waves. This source term does not take the form of an equation of state. It can be modelled as an artificial increase in water inertia. In this communication, an experimental validation of this source term model is presented by means of new dam-break flow experiments in idealized, periodic urban layouts. The experimental results validate both the existence and the proposed formulation of this new source term

Experimental validation of transient source term in porosity-based shallow water models

Porosity-based shallow water models for the simulation of urban floods incorporate additional energy dissipation terms compared to the usual two-dimensional shallow water equations. These terms account for head losses stemming from building drag. They are usually modelled using turbulence-based equations of state (drag proportional to the squared velocity). However, refined numerical simulations of wave propagation in periodic urban layouts indicate that such drag models do not suffice to reproduce energy dissipation properly. Correct wave propagation speeds, energy dissipation rates and flow fields are obtained by incorporating a new type of source term, active only under transient situations involving positive waves. This source term does not take the form of an equation of state. It can be modelled as an artificial increase in water inertia. In this communication, an experimental validation of this source term model is presented by means of new dam-break flow experiments in idealized, periodic urban layouts. The experimental results validate both the existence and the proposed formulation of this new source term