Radio-frequency Reactively Sputtered Vox Thin Films Deposited At Different Oxygen Flows

The effect of different oxygen flow rate on the properties of vanadium oxide thin films formed by radio-frequency, reactive sputtering deposition are investigated. The stoichiometry of the as-deposited films was investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. For high oxygen flows, films were mainly V2O5 while a lower oxide was obtained at the lowest flow. Forward recoil spectrometry indicated a significant hydrogen content in the thin films. X-ray diffraction showed that the films were amorphous. The electrochromism shown by such films upon lithium intercalation was also studied. Samples deposited at high oxygen flow were transparent/yellow, and showed a somewhat complicated electrochromic behavior. Upon lithium insertion up to 25 mC/cm2, the films acted as cathodically coloring materials at wavelengths higher than 500 nm and as anodically coloring material at lower wavelengths. For the higher insertion levels, the opposite behavior was observed. Samples deposited at very low O2 flows showed no electrochromic behavior.1452706711Granqvist, C.G., (1995) Handbook of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials, , Elsevier Science, AmsterdamGorenstein, A., Decker, F., Fantini, M., Estrada, W., (1990) Large-Area Chromogenic Materials and Devices for Transmittance Control, 1 S4, p. 272. , SPIE Optical Engineering PressCordoba De Torresi, S.I., Gorenstein, A., Torresi, R.M., Vazquez, M.V., (1991) J. Electroan. Chem., 318, p. 131Passerini, S., Tipton, A.L., Smyrl, W.H., (1995) Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 39, p. 167Talledo, A., Granqvist, C.G., (1995) J. Appl. Phys., 77, p. 4655Andersson, A.M., Talledo, A., Granqvist, C.G., Stevens, J.R., (1990) Electrochromic Materials, p. 201. , M. K. Carpenter and D. A. Corrigan, Editors, PV 90-2, The Electrochemical Society Proceedings Series, Pennington, NJJulien, C., Nazri, G.A., (1994) Solid-State Batteries, , Kluver Academic Pub., Boston, MAAita, C.R., Kao, M.L., (1987) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A5, p. 2714Aita, C.R., Liou, L.J., Kwok, C.K., Lee, R.C., Kolawa, E., (1990) Thin Solid Films, 193-194, p. 18Luksich, J., Aita, C.R., (1991) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A9, p. 542Tauc, J., (1972) The Optical Properties of Solids, , F. Abeles, Editor, North Holland, AmsterdamBenmoussa, M., Ibnouelghazi, E., Bennouna, A., Ameziane, E.L., (1995) Thin Solid Films, 265, p. 22Cazzanelli, E., Mariotto, G., Passerini, S., Smyrl, W.H., Gorenstein, A., Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, , SubmittedFaria, I.C., Kleinke, M., Gorenstein, A., Fantini, M.C.A., Tabacnicks, M., Salvadori, C., (1996) Electrochromic Materials III, p. 79. , K. C. Ho, C. B. Greenberg, and D. M. MacArthur, Editors, PV 96-24, The Electrochemical Society Proceedings Series, Pennington, NJCartier, C., Tranchant, A., Verdaguer, M., Messina, R., Dexpert, H., (1990) Electrochim. Acta, 35, p. 889Kumagai, N., Taiino, K., Nakajima, T., Watanabe, N., (1983) Electrochim. Acta, 28, p. 17Mckinnon, W.R., Haering, R.R., (1983) Modern Aspects of Electrochemisty, 15, p. 235. , Plenum Press, New YorkScarminio, J., Talledo, A., Andersson, A., Passerini, S., Scrosati, B., (1993) Electrochim. Acta, p. 1637Cogan, S.F., (1990) Large-Area Chromogenics: Materials and Devices for Transmittance Control, IS4, p. 313. , SPIE Optical Engineering PressCantão, M.P., Cisneros, I.J., Torresi, R.M., (1995) Thin Solid Films, 259, p. 7

Current and potential distributions in corrosion systems

Current and potential distribution calculations in corrosion are reviewed. The mathematical methods used, and the specific results for galvanic corrosion, cathodic protection, and localized corrosion are described

Experimental application of design principles in corrosion research

Experimental design criteria for corrosion investigations are based on established principles for systems that have uniform, or nearly uniform, corrosive attack. Scale-up or scale-down may be accomplished by proper use of dimensionless groups that measure the relative importance of interfacial kinetics, solution conductivity, and mass transfer. These principles have been applied to different fields of corrosion which include materials selection testing and protection; and to a specific corrosion problem involving attack of a substrate through holes in a protective overplate

EXPLORATORY CELL RESEARCH AND FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES STUDY IN SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS

Photo showing carp / koi / fish in pond, Naraya Inn, Miyanoshita, JapanFish at Naraya Inn, Miyanoshita, Japan