On Fully Dynamic Strongly Connected Components

We consider maintaining strongly connected components (SCCs) of a directed graph subject to edge insertions and deletions. For this problem, we show a randomized algebraic data structure with conditionally tight O(n^1.529) worst-case update time. The only previously described subquadratic update bound for this problem [Karczmarz, Mukherjee, and Sankowski, STOC\u2722] holds exclusively in the amortized sense. For the less general dynamic strong connectivity problem, where one is only interested in maintaining whether the graph is strongly connected, we give an efficient deterministic black-box reduction to (arbitrary-pair) dynamic reachability. Consequently, for dynamic strong connectivity we match the best-known O(n^1.407) worst-case upper bound for dynamic reachability [van den Brand, Nanongkai, and Saranurak FOCS\u2719]. This is also conditionally optimal and improves upon the previous O(n^1.529) bound. Our reduction also yields the first fully dynamic algorithms for maintaining the minimum strong connectivity augmentation of a digraph

Determining 4-Edge-Connected Components in Linear Time

In this work, we present the first linear time deterministic algorithm computing the 4-edge-connected components of an undirected graph. First, we show an algorithm listing all 3-edge-cuts in a given 3-edge-connected graph, and then we use the output of this algorithm in order to determine the 4-edge-connected components of the graph

Impact of COVID-19 on the functioning of medical facilities in Poland

The COVID-19 pandemic in Poland lasted from March 2020 to May 2022. As a result of the new strain of the virus, it was necessary to change the way primary health care units work. In order to allow patients to interact with medical staff, teleconsultations were introduced. This was thought to reduce the spread of the virus and reduce the risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Many other countries have seen a reduction in in-person visits and an increase in online doctor consultations. The aim of the study was to examine the level of services provided by medical facilities, including efficiency, effectiveness and patient satisfaction. The survey, which included 246 people, showed that most respondents used remote visits during the pandemic and more than 50% of them believe that clinics were not adequately prepared for the epidemiological situation. Despite the rapid development of technology in the medical sector, patients still prefer the traditional form of medical consultation, which they argue is more accurate and insightful for the doctor during this type of visit

Bruxism – contemporary knowledge about the disorder and therapeutic possibilities

Introduction: bruxism is a parafunction characterized by excessive activity of the masticatory muscles, consisting in grinding, or clenching of the teeth. The etiology of bruxism is multifactorial. Carefully collected history and additional tests enable correct diagnosis. There is no single method that is completely effective in treating bruxism. It is important to make the patient aware of the disorder, it’s possible consequences, and the need for treatment.   Aim of the study: approximation of the bruxism profile, drawing attention to the prevalence of the disorder and the need for early diagnosis, as well as discussing the current therapeutic options   Material and methods: the authors reviewed the literature on bruxism in terms of its causes, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment   Conclusions: Correct, short-term diagnosis and application of appropriate treatment may inhibit the development of functional disorders of the masticatory system

Potential mechanisms of action and effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depressive disorders

The aim of this study is to prove the positive effect of electroconvulsive therapy on depressive disorders. Depression as a mental illness has not been fully studied in terms of its relationship in combination with electroconvulsive therapy. Nevertheless, despite many uncertainties, its positive effect on this type of treatment is indicated. Analysing a number of studies, electroconvulsive therapy is considered to be the most effective treatment for depression. As the research work shows, thanks to the use of electroconvulsive therapy in older people over 60 years of age, a positive effect on the patient's health can be observed in the entire study group. The mechanism of action of electroconvulsive therapy is multifaceted. There are several theories of how it works, affecting different areas of the individual's body. These include an anticonvulsant theory (GABAergic), effects on serotonergic and dopaminergic functions in the brain, effects on neurogenesis in the hippocampus and amygdala and neuropathicity, effects on gene transcription, an increase in the Narp protein with a presumed antidepressant effect, support for the neuroendocrine mechanism, as well as effects on inflammation (cytokines).&nbsp

The influence of drugs used in mental disorders on the health of the oral cavity - a systematic review

Ze wzrostem liczby diagnoz zaburzeń psychicznych łączy się wzrost zapotrzebowania na leki psychotropowe, których częstym działaniem niepożądanym jest kserostomia, definiowana jako uczucie suchości w jamie ustnej i prowadząca m.in. do próchnicy i stanów zapalnych błon śluzowych. Największą zdolnością do wywoływania tych działań niepożądanych cechują się leki przeciwpsychotyczne i trójcykliczne leki przeciwdepresyjne, ale nie są od nich wolne także SSRI, antydepresanty atypowe                   i anksjolityki takie jak benzodiazepiny. W leczeniu kserostomii ważna jest profilaktyka kandydozy i próchnicy: odpowiednia dieta, prawidłowe zabiegi higienizacyjne oraz regularne kontrole stomatologiczne. Inne metody to farmakoterapia i stosowanie substytutów śliny. Istnieje korelacja pomiędzy zaburzeniami psychicznymi a wyższą liczbą ubytków próchnicowych, niższą jakością higieny jamy ustnej i większą częstością występowania chorób periodontologicznych

Impact of COVID-19 on the functioning of medical facilities in Poland

KAŹMIERKIEWICZ, Kornelia, SMULEWICZ, Klaudia, WÓJCIK, Alicja and ZIOMKO, Bartłomiej. Impact of COVID-19 on the functioning of medical facilities in Poland. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;20(1):140-155. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.20.01.014 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/46054 https://zenodo.org/record/8370984 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of 17.07.2023 No. 32318. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 17.07.2023 Lp. 32318. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 31.08.2023. Revised: 15.09.2023. Accepted: 20.09.2023. Published: 26.09.2023. Wpływ COVID-19 na funkcjonowanie placówek leczniczych w Polsce Impact of COVID-19 on the functioning of medical facilities in Poland Kornelia Kaźmierkiewicz, Klaudia Smulewicz, Alicja Wójcik, Bartłomiej Ziomko Adres do korespondencji: Kornelia Kaźmierkiewicz, [email protected], 537721970 Streszczenie Pandemia COVID-19 w Polsce to okres od marca 2020 roku do maja 2022 roku. W wyniku pojawienia się nowej odmiany wirusa konieczna była zmiana sposobu pracy placówek podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej. Aby umożliwić pacjentom kontakt z personelem medycznym wprowadzono teleporady. Miało być to rozwiązanie zmniejszające rozprzestrzenianie się wirusa oraz zmniejszające ryzyko zarażenia się SARS-CoV-2. W wielu krajach można było zauważyć zmniejszenie wizyt osobistych w sektorach ochrony zdrowia, a zwiększenie liczby konsultacji telefonicznych. Celem pracy było zbadanie poziomu usług świadczonych przez placówki medyczne, w tym efektywności, skuteczności i poziomu zadowolenia pacjentów. Badania, które obejmowały 246 osób wykazały, że większość respondentów w trakcie pandemii korzystało z wizyt zdalnych a ponad 50% z nich uważa, że przychodnie nie były odpowiednio przygotowane do zaistniałej sytuacji epidemiologicznej. Pomimo szybkiego rozwoju technologii w sektorze medycznym, pacjenci nadal preferują tradycyjną formę konsultacji lekarskiej, co argumentują większą dokładnością i wnikliwością lekarza podczas tego rodzaju wizyty. W tym badaniu wartość p dla wszystkich komórek tabeli kontyngencji jest większa niż 0,05. Oznacza to, że nie ma istotnych statystycznie różnic między obserwowanymi a oczekiwanymi wartościami w żadnej z komórek. Na podstawie tych wyników można przyjąć hipotezę zerową. Oznacza to, że nie istnieje istotna statycznie zależność między chorobami przewlekłymi a płcią. Innymi słowy, wyniki badania sugerują, że choroby przewlekłe są równie prawdopodobne u kobiet i mężczyzn. Słowa kluczowe: COVID-19, pandemia, telemedycyna, stan zdrowia, choroby przewlekłe Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic in Poland lasted from March 2020 to May 2022. As a result of the new strain of the virus, it was necessary to change the way primary health care units work. In order to allow patients to interact with medical staff, teleconsultations were introduced. This was thought to reduce the spread of the virus and reduce the risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Many other countries have seen a reduction in in-person visits and an increase in online doctor consultations. The aim of the study was to examine the level of services provided by medical facilities, including efficiency, effectiveness and patient satisfaction. The survey, which included 246 people, showed that most respondents used remote visits during the pandemic and more than 50% of them believe that clinics were not adequately prepared for the epidemiological situation. Despite the rapid development of technology in the medical sector, patients still prefer the traditional form of medical consultation, which they argue is more accurate and insightful for the doctor during this type of visit. In this study, the p-value for all cells of the contingency table is greater than 0.05. This means that there are no statistically significant differences between the observed and expected values in any cell. Based on these results, the null hypothesis can be accepted. This means that there is no statistically significant relationship between chronic diseases and gender. In other words, the study findings suggest that chronic diseases are equally likely in women and men. Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, telemedicine, health condition, chronic disease