Endemic Flora and Fauna of Arkansas

Arkansas has an amazing diversity of plants and animals contained within its political boundaries. Forty-seven taxa are reported as Arkansas endemics, including seven plants, thirteen crustaceans (two amphipods, three isopods, eight crayfishes), nine insects (one mayfly, one caddisfly, three stoneflies, four beetles), ten snails, six fishes, and two salamanders

UA6 Lost River Cave: Old Developments, New Developments

Paper written by Kenneth Smith for Management 410 class in 1976 regarding the potential business development of Lost River Cave

Monotonically improving approximate answers to relational algebra queries

We present here a query processing method that produces approximate answers to queries posed in standard relational algebra. This method is monotone in the sense that the accuracy of the approximate result improves with the amount of time spent producing the result. This strategy enables us to trade the time to produce the result for the accuracy of the result. An approximate relational model that characterizes appromimate relations and a partial order for comparing them is developed. Relational operators which operate on and return approximate relations are defined

Interactions between adult migratory striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and their prey during winter off the Virginia and North Carolina Atlantic coast from 1994 through 2007

The migratory population of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) (>400 mm total length[TL]) spends winter in the Atlantic Ocean off the Virginia and North Carolina coasts of the United States. Information on trophic dynamics for these large adults during winter is limited. Feeding habits and prey were described from stomach contents of 1154 striped bass ranging from 373 to 1250 mm TL, collected from trawls during winters of 1994-96, 2000, and 2002-03, and from the recreational fishery during 2005-07. Nineteen prey species were present in the diet. Overall, Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) dominated the diet by boimass (67.9%) and numerically (68.6%). The percent biomass of Atlantic menhaden during 1994-2003 to 87.0% during 2005-07. Demersal fish species such as Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) represented <15% of the diet biomass, whereas alosines (Alosa spp.) were rarely observed. Invertebrates were least important, contributing <1.0% by biomass and numerically. Striped bass are capable of feeding on a wide range of prey sizes (2% to 43% of their total length). This study outlines the importance of clupeoid fishes to striped bass winter production and also shows that predation may be exerting pressure on one of their dominant prey, the Atlantic menhaden

A novel viscoelastic damping treatment for honeycomb sandwich structures

Journal ArticleCopyright © 2015 Elsevier. NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Composite Structures. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Composite Structures Vol. 119 (2015), DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.09.005Constrained layer dampers (CLD) are in widespread use for passive vibration damping, in applications including aerospace structures which are often lightweight. The location and dimensions of CLD devices on structures has been the target of several optimisation studies using a variety of techniques such as genetic algorithms, cellular automata, and gradient techniques. The recently developed double shear lap-joint (DSLJ) damper is an alternative method for vibration damping, and can be placed internally within structures. The performance of the DSLJ damper is compared in a parametric study with that of CLD dampers on beam and plate structures under both cantilever and simply supported boundary conditions, using finite element analysis. The objective was to determine which damper and in which configuration produced the highest modal loss factor and amplitude reduction for least added mass, as would be important for lightweight applications. The DSLJ tend to be more mass efficient in terms of loss factor and amplitude reduction for cantilevered beam and plate structure, and are competitive with CLD dampers in simply supported beam and plate structures. The DSLJ works well because it has the potential to magnify global flexural deformation into shear deformation in the viscoelastic more effectively than traditional CLD dampers.MEET project (Material for Energy Efficiency in Transport) in the context of the INTERREG IV A France (Channel) – England European cross-border co-operation programme, which is co-financed by ERDF

On the effective strain tensor in heterogeneous materials

ArticleThis is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published version of record is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286514521092This paper considers effective strain tensors within the context of linear elastic equilibrium theory. The elastic properties of structured materials are often averaged over subvolumes of various scales inside the material. For subvolumes smaller than a representative volume element, simple volume-averaging of the stress and strain may not preserve the elastic energy. We introduce an averaging process which preserves the energy for all boundary conditions. This averaging process emphasizes the parts of the material which carry the most stress. Here the effective strain is weighted by the local stress, and can be interpreted as an average strain over all paths taken by loads and forces through the volume. This alternative effective strain may be especially appropriate for materials with voids, such as foams and granular matter, as the averaging only involves the material itself. For uniform boundary conditions the weighted strain matches the volume-averaged strain. This paper investigates the properties of this weighted strain tensor. First, for each path taken by loads and forces through the volume we can measure a net length as well as a net extension due to the linear deformation. The weighted effective strain equals the ratio of average length to average extension, where the averaging is over all possible force paths. Thus this method provides a connection to load path analysis. Secondly, even when the average rotation within the subvolume is zero, there may be local fluctuations in the rotation field. These rotations can act like a mechanism, transferring elastic energy between boundaries or degrees of freedom. The effective strain defined here highlights this mechanism effect