Predictors of mood response to acute tryptophan depletion: a reanalysis

Multivariate analysis of psychological data - ou

Early host gene expression responses to a Salmonella infection in the intestine of chickens with different genetic background

So far the responses of chickens to Salmonella have not been studied in vivo on a whole genome-wide scale. Furthermore, the influence of the host genetic background on gene expression responses is unknown. In this study gene expression profiles in the chicken (Gallus gallus) intestine of two genetically different chicken lines were compared, 24 h after a Salmonella enteritidis inoculation in 1-day-old chicks. The two chicken lines differed in the severity of the systemic infection. For gene expression profiles, a whole genome oligonucleotide array and a cDNA microarray were used to compare both platforms. Genes upregulated in both chicken lines after the Salmonella infection had a function in the innate immune system or in wound healing. Genes regulated after the Salmonella infection in one chicken line encoded proteins involved in inflammation, or with unknown functions. In the other chicken line upregulated genes encoded proteins involved in acute phase response, the fibrinogen system, actin polymerisation, or with unknown functions. Some of the host gene responses found in this study are not described before as response to a bacterial infection in the intestine. The two chicken lines reacted with different intestinal gene responses to the Salmonella infection, implying that it is important to use chickens with different genetic background to study gene expression response

AN ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR AN AUTOMATED ATOM PROBE

Un système électronique qui contrôle les tensions, mesure les temps, calcule les masses et affiche les spectres a été appliqué à la sonde à atomes VG Scientific FIM 100. Le taux de désorption d'ions est contrôlé automatiquement par ajustement de tension lorsque le courant ionique s'écarte de limites consignées. Les fonctions simples de l'instrument, telles que l'IAP peuvent être accessibles sans passer par le calculateur et le réglage de tension manuel est toujours possible. Les résultats sont stockés sur un disques et peuvent être analysés après coup en utilisant le même programme. D'autres systèmes en temps réel donnent les changements de composition avec la profondeur, le rapport m/e d'ions successifs, des diagrammes "échelle", ou la comparaison de deux spectres où les deux peuvent être complétés ou bien un mis en mémoire. Les séquences peuvent être imprimées et les spectres et autres diagrammes tracés. Le taux de désorption élevé combiné à l'analyse en temps réel permettent d'avoir un système efficace.An electronic system which controls voltages, measures times, calculates masses and displays spectra has been applied to the VG Scientific FIM100 atom probe. The rate of ion desorption is automatically controlled by voltage adjustments which occur when the ion rate falls outside preset limits. Simple instrument functions, for example, use as an IAP, can be carried out with or without computer control, and manual voltage control is available at all times. The experimental data are stored on a disc and can be output later and re-analysed using the same program. Other real time screen displays include plots of changes of composition with depth, sequences such as the mass to charge ratio of successive ions or related quantities, "ladder diagrams", or the comparison of two spectra where both may be continually updated or one may be a stored spectra taken at an earlier stage of the experiment. Sequences can be printed out and the spectra and other diagrams can be plotted. The high rate of ion desorption combined with analysis in real time provides a very efficient system