Geologic Characterization of the Nonconformity Interface Using Outcrop and Drillcore Analogs: Implications for Injection-Induced Seismicity

Starting around 2009, a greater number of earthquakes than anticipated have occurred in the midcontinent region of the United States. These earthquakes have been linked to increased rates and volumes of wastewater injection at several km’s depth into the Earth’s crust near a contact between crystalline metamorphic or igneous rock and overlying sedimentary rock, known as a nonconformity. While much is known about why these new earthquakes occur, comparatively little is known about the physical and chemical rock properties because the nonconformity contact is primarily buried under km’s of sedimentary rock in the midcontinent region. These rock properties are important because they influence rock strength and therefore the likelihood of earthquake activity. In this study, we examined two drillcores from southeastern Minnesota and document the presence of a ~6-22m horizon at the nonconformity which has been extensively altered due to low-temperature chemical weathering and high-temperature hydrothermal interaction. This distinct horizon is intensely damaged, semi-permeable, and is composed of mechanically weak minerals. We provide a comparative set of detailed mineralogy, structures, geochemistry, porosity values, and lab permeability measurements that can be used to model impacts of fluid injection and migration near the nonconformity interface. We also examined rock properties of the nonconformity interface in surface exposures of the contact near Gunnison, Colorado. The drillcore and outcrop observations and analyses demonstrate complex variabilities in rock properties that may exist along and/or across nonconformity contacts at depth. These small-to large-scale rock variations can be used to understand how high-pressure injected fluids may move along or across the rock contact. An additional goal of this work is to provide the background geologic information for a proposed USU-USGS collaborative scientific drilling project. This project targets previously identified magnetic and gravity anomalies associated with an underground igneous rock body called the Northeast Iowa Intrusive Complex. We observed an intensely fractured and faulted metagabbro overlying a layered intrusive complex with a weathered and hydrothermally altered contact at the nonconformity

British Perspective on the Colonial Rebellion

Great Britain and her colonies began their disagreements leading up to the American Revolution over the idea of taxation and representation in Parliament. A new form of taxation came with the passage of Sugar Act in March, 1764. This form aimed at raising revenue to pay for part of the cost of Britain\u27s colonial expenses in North America. All previous taxation on the colonies had only been used to regulate commerce. The British judged the colonists should be taxed to help pay for the cost of the French war that had been fought in their defense and protection. The previous method of voluntary taxation was unpredictable, unequal, and could take months to gather. Because it was voluntary, states like Pennsylvania and Massachusetts tended to give much more than states like Maryland and New Jersey. Colonies avoided paying this new tax by smuggling in sugar from other countries.... Tales of great patriotism, against both the tyrannical King George III and his allegedly evil Parliament, fill American text books. As the old saying goes, there are always two sides to the story. American history books almost always portray the American colonies as victims of great injustice. Few studies have ever been done on the opinions of the British towards what they called the Great Rebellion. What needs to be asked are things like: Were the British people supportive, against, or indifferent to the prospective of America\u27s becoming independent? Were the British soldiers and commanders optimistic about the war? How did the British government officials perceive the war? What were the opinions of the British commoners, especially as expressed in newspapers? How were feelings at the beginning of the war contrasted with the middle and then towards the end

Cultivating Health, Not Wealth in the United States\u27 Healthcare System: Comprehensive Revisions for the Orphan Drug Act of 1983

This thesis explores the way in which the Orphan Drug Act of 1983, originally instituted in response to a lack of treatments for rare diseases in the United States of America, has failed to achieve its initial objectives in the 40 years since its implementation. In evaluating various successful examples of government subsidization programs designed to intervene in private industry, this thesis composes the criterion required for funding-based legislation which maximize market outcomes while minimizing tax-payer burden. An analysis of the synthetic organic chemistry industry – and a case study into the production of a particular orphan treatment for a rare form of T-cell lymphoma – outlines the ways in which the ODA has resulted in declines in the developments in the field of medicinal chemistry, struggles which are not experienced in areas like the budding work of environmental chemistry. Additionally, a cultural and ethical review of the ODA’s societal impact reveals the detrimental effects on patients due to severe price gouging and lack of innovation in pharmaceutical products, outgrowths of the loopholes pharmaceutical companies utilize to maximize profitability through the legislation. Ultimately, this thesis suggests that 1) “orphan” must be defined more stringently, 2) market exclusivity must be granted on the basis of molecule (not the entire disease), and 3) in the event that a treatment turn profitable, the company receiving funds should be reevaluated for funds mishandling

Interview with Kayla L. Smith

Interview with EIU Student Kayla Smith, an EIU student, who discusses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on her college career, campus life, and her experiences with her friends. She also discusses the transition to online classes and those related challenges

Characteristics and Effects of Muscular Dystrophy in Broiler Chickens

Muscular dystrophy is very common among broilers, which are chickens raised specifically for meat production. When dystrophic chickens are mated, or when normal and dystrophic chickens are mated, it is very likely that at least fifty percent of the clutch will end up with muscular dystrophy since it is inherited as a co-dominant disorder (Fujiwara et al., 2009). For my study, eggs were obtained from a local farm, and allowed to hatch. Among these hatchings were chicks who exhibited some traits of muscular dystrophy. It is possible that the parents of the seemingly dystrophic chicks may carry the mutated WWP1 allele which would cause the chicks to exhibit these traits. Because chickens are useful animal models of disease, it is important to try to understand the mutations in the WWP1 gene so we can see exactly how it affects the ubiquitin-ligase pathway, and how we can work to reverse the mutations to eliminate the disease all together. Understanding the disease in chickens may help us to further understand muscular dystrophy in humans as well. By taking feathers from the potentially dystrophic chicks and their parents, phenotypic characterization of these chicks was done to confirm diagnosis of muscular dystrophy. Further DNA sequencing for the WWP1 mutation associated with muscular dystrophy (Hirokazu et al., 2008) was performed to determine whether these chicks had the previously characterized mutation for muscular dystrophy in this gene

Black Delilahs: Black Female Sexuality and Resistance in Progressive Era New York City

Black Delilahs traces a history of policing and criminalizing of black women’s sexuality in Progressive Era New York City. By analyzing vaudeville posters, joke books, blues music, newspapers, vice committee records, and reformatory records, this project provides a historiography of respectability politics and the sociocultural norms and practices that limited American society’s freedom of sexual expression. It subsequently explores how working-class black women engaged with commercial, public, and private urban spaces normatively associated with vice, deviancy, and disreputability in ways that subverted these expectations of respectability and empowered them. These women used creative ways to express their sexuality within the public sphere, like vaudeville stages, as well as the private sphere, like saloons and prostitution houses, within their nightlife lifestyles. However, black women were disproportionately arrested and sentenced to serve time in reformatories like the Bedford Reformatory in New York. In these reformatories, they were forced to conform to the respectable norms that previously restricted their sexuality. Ultimately, this paper disrupts the discourses about black female sexuality that defined it as absent from or harmful to the African-American experience and illustrates how these historical constructs have material effects on the lives of black women today

College Access in South Africa

Special Studies Experience, Summer 2016 -- Western Cape, South Africa -- Partner Agencie(s): University of Cape Town; University of the Western Cape; Stellenbosch Universityhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134350/1/Poster_RoneySmith.pd

Musical Theater Recital: Kayla Smith

Kemp Recital HallNovember 13, 2015Friday Evening7:30 p.m

Manual Physical Therapy and Cervical Joint Position Training for Cervicogenic Dizziness Following Whiplash-Associated Disorder: A Case Report

Background and Purpose Whiplash is defined as an acceleration-deceleration injury to the neck, which may lead to a variety of immediate and/or prolonged symptoms collectively known as whiplash-associated disorder (WAD). Cervicogenic dizziness is one possible sequalae that may arise from dysfunction within the structures of the cervical spine, disrupting the flow of sensory and proprioceptive feedback. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the efficacy of combining manual physical therapy and cervical joint position training on a patient with cervicogenic dizziness status-post motor vehicle accident (MVA). Case Description A 28-year-old female with a history of MVA and chief complaint of a one-month history of progressive increase in left-sided headache and dizziness was referred to physical therapy from her primary care physician with a diagnosis of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). Physical therapy evaluation revealed impairments including joint mobility deficits, cervical joint position sense error, muscle imbalances and decreased neuromotor control. Functional limitations included difficulty with looking up and down, working on the computer, and carrying her child. At the time of initial evaluation, the frequency of symptoms was reported as a minimum of four days a week, for 75% of the day. The patient was seen two times per week for three weeks for a total of six sessions. Interventions included manual therapy, cervical joint proprioception training, cervico-scapular stabilization, and therapeutic exercise including a home exercise program. Outcomes Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) values improved from 5/10 to 0/10, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scores significantly improved from 32/100 to 2/100, and Cervical Joint Position Error decreased to below the meaningful error value at the time of discharge. The patient reported no headaches or dizziness for ten days prior to discharge and denied limitations in function. Discussion This case report supports the use of physical therapy intervention, including cervical joint position training and manual physical therapy, in the treatment of a patient status-post MVA with cervicogenic dizziness