A COMPARISON OF THE CUSHIONING EFFECT OF THREE TOP RATED RUNNING SHOES AND A SHOE USING A NEW SPRING TECHNOLOGY

The purpose of this study was to compare the cushioning effect of three top rated running shoes and a new spring shoe technology. Shoes were mechanically dropped onto an AMTI force platform. The average in peak forces and the time to peak force were calculated to compare cushioning effect over multiple trials. The Nike and the Spira were found to be significantly better in both cushioning variables than the Adidas and Asics, but not significantly different from each other

A COMPARISON OF THE CUSHIONING EFFECT OF A POPULAR RUNNING SHOE AND A SHOE USING A NEW SPRING TECHNOLOGY DURING RUNNING

The purpose of the study was to compare the cushioning effect of the Nike Air Pegasus 2004 and the Spira Volare IITM during running. Measured variables were peak force, peak force relative to body weight and time-to-peak force. It was determined that time-to-peak force was not significantly different (p=0.1745) between the Spira and the Nike. There were significant differences found in peak force values (p=0.0184) with Nike exhibiting higher forces than Spira. Peak forces normalized to body weight exhibited a significant shoe by gender interaction (p=0.032). Further analysis revealed the Nike had significantly higher forces than the Spira for females (p=0.0048) but not for males (p=0.8544). It was concluded that the Spira Volare II is similar to the Nike Air Pegasus 2004 in time-to-peak force but significantly lower in peak forces, particularly for females

LANDING KINEMATICS, KINETICS AND EMG IN MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES AND NON-ATHLETES: IMPLICATIONS FOR ACL INJURY RISK

Female athletes are more likely to sustain an ACL injury than male athletes. The purpose was to investigate variables that have been identified as ACL risk factors during a landing task to determine differences among male and female athletes and non-athletes (N = 100). Variables included knee angle at contact, maximum knee angle, time (contact to max angle), VGRF, and muscle activation. Male non-athletes bent the knees significantly more after contact than male athletes. Male athletes landed with significantly more force per body weight than male non-athletes or female athletes and male non-athletes landed with significantly more force than female non-athletes. No other significant differences were observed. The authors concluded that the high rate of ACL injury among female athletes cannot be explained by the landing strategy employed in a jump

THE EFFECTS OF ECCENTRIC PHASE DURATION ON CONCENTRIC PHASE FORCE PRODUCTION DURING DEPTH JUMPS

The purpose of the study was to test the yet unproven theory, which states that the faster a muscle is stretched the greater force it produces in the subsequent concentric phase during plyometric exercises. Thirty-three trained male athletes performed plyometric depth jumps from two heights (trial A=33.02cm, trial B=47.94cm) landing on a force platform, followed by an immediate counter jump. Researchers determined the duration of eccentric phase and the relative peak concentric force of each jump using the data from the force platform. Results indicated a significant inverse relationship between eccentric duration and relative peak concentric force in both trials (p=0.019 and

Crizanlizumab for the Prevention of Pain Crises in Sickle Cell Disease

The up-regulation of P-selectin in endothelial cells and platelets contributes to the cell–cell interactions that are involved in the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion and sickle cell–related pain crises. The safety and efficacy of crizanlizumab, an antibody against the adhesion molecule P-selectin, were evaluated in patients with sickle cell disease

Genome sequence of a pathogenic isolate of monkey B virus (species Macacine herpesvirus 1)

The only genome sequence for monkey B virus (BV; species Macacine herpesvirus1) is that of an attenuated vaccine strain originally isolated from a rhesus monkey (BVrh). Here we report the genome sequence of a virulent BV strain isolated from a cynomolgus macaque (BVcy). The overall genome organization is the same, although sequence differences exist. The greatest sequence divergence is located in non-coding areas of the long and short repeat regions. Like BVrh, BVcy has duplicated Ori elements and lacks an ORF corresponding to the γ34.5 gene of herpes simplex virus. Nine of ten miRNAs and the majority of ORFs are conserved between BVrh and BVcy. The most divergent genes are several membrane-associated proteins and those encoding immediate early proteins