Re-employment Probabilities and Wage Offer Function for Russian Labor Market

This research addresses labor market transformation in Russia. It elaborates on the theory of job search and focuses on the following issues: (1) evaluation of the re-employment probabilities (hazard rates) for different socio-economic groups; and (2) estimation of wage offer distribution for the transforming labor market. We use data from Phase II of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) to estimate the employment and wage offer functions for Russian workers who found a job after having been unemployed. We take into account the effectiveness of search strategies used and correct for truncation in wage offers. The binomial logit-OLS estimation method with sample selection bias correction on pooled data from Rounds 5-9 of RLMS is used. The factors considered are sex, education, experience, sector of employment and search methods’ success rate, which are hypothesized to capture the main determinants of job search behavior. The results show that individual characteristics, as well as the search method used, play a decisive role in the re-employment prospects of the unemployed. The private sector employment level is estimated to have the most powerful positive effect on the wage offer function. Russian women are less likely than men to find a job after being unemployed, and wage offers for women are estimated to be lower than for men.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39932/3/wp547.pd

Re-employment Probabilities and Wage Offer Function for Russian Labor Market

This research addresses labor market transformation in Russia. It elaborates on the theory of job search and focuses on the following issues: (1) evaluation of the re-employment probabilities (hazard rates) for different socio-economic groups; and (2) estimation of wage offer distribution for the transforming labor market. We use data from Phase II of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) to estimate the employment and wage offer functions for Russian workers who found a job after having been unemployed. We take into account the effectiveness of search strategies used and correct for truncation in wage offers. The binomial logit-OLS estimation method with sample selection bias correction on pooled data from Rounds 5-9 of RLMS is used. The factors considered are sex, education, experience, sector of employment and search methods’ success rate, which are hypothesized to capture the main determinants of job search behavior. The results show that individual characteristics, as well as the search method used, play a decisive role in the re-employment prospects of the unemployed. The private sector employment level is estimated to have the most powerful positive effect on the wage offer function. Russian women are less likely than men to find a job after being unemployed, and wage offers for women are estimated to be lower than for men.Russia, Transition, Job Search, Wage Offer Function, Hazard Rates

Job search behavior of unemployed in Russia

This paper explores the determinants of job search behavior, search intensity and choices of search methods of the unemployed workers in transitional Russia. We use pooled data from rounds 5-9 of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) to estimate the effects of socio- economic factors on the choices workers make while looking for a job. The results show that women are significantly less likely than men to engage in job searches, lag significantly behind men in search intensity, and significantly differ from men in their search strategies. The job search behavior of workers living in metropolitan areas of Moscow and St. Petersburg differs substantially from the behavior of workers living elsewhere in Russia. The most frequently used search strategy in Russia, as in other countries, is contacting friends and relatives for job leads.Russia, Transition, Job Search, Search Intensity, logit

Teaching Unemployment Across the Curriculum

The Economics-Across-the-Curriculum approach encourages the integration of economic concepts into various disciplines. This paper describes several creative lesson ideas about teaching Unemployment which were field-tested by high-school teachers who attended a multi-day workshop at a not-for-profit institution in Massachusetts. We hope that these ideas will inspire high school teachers to try them in their classrooms. Any subject area can be a fruitful ground for the infusion of economics, economic text analyses, or quantitative literacy concepts

Teaching Unemployment Across the Curriculum

The Economics-Across-the-Curriculum approach encourages the integration of economic concepts into various disciplines. This paper describes several creative lesson ideas about teaching Unemployment which were field-tested by high-school teachers who attended a multi-day workshop at a not-for-profit institution in Massachusetts. We hope that these ideas will inspire high school teachers to try them in their classrooms. Any subject area can be a fruitful ground for the infusion of economics, economic text analyses, or quantitative literacy concepts

Job Search Behavior of Unemployed in Russia

This paper explores the determinants of job search behavior, search intensity and choices of search methods of the unemployed workers in transitional Russia. We use pooled data from rounds 5-9 of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) to estimate the effects of socio-economic factors on the choices workers make while looking for a job. The results show that women are significantly less likely than men to engage in job search, they lag significantly behind men in search intensity, and significantly differ from men in their search strategies. Job search behavior of workers living in metropolitan areas of Moscow and St. Petersburg varies substantially from the behavior of workers living in other regions of Russia. The most frequently used search strategy in Russia, as in other countries, is contacting friends and relatives for job leads.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40015/3/wp629.pd

Identification d'une nouvelle cible pour la prévention de la resténose intra-stent : la phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma

L'angioplastie avec pose de stent est le traitement de prédilection de la plaque d'athérome symptomatique. Une complication fréquente de cette intervention est la resténose intra-stent qui mène à une nouvelle obstruction de la lumière artérielle. Cette pathologie repose sur le processus d'hyperplasie intimale, combinaison d'une inflammation locale et d'une modulation phénotypique des cellules musculaires lisses (CML) de la paroi artérielle. Afin de pallier à cette pathologie, les stents ont été recouverts d'agents anti-prolifératifs. Bien qu'efficace dans la prévention de la resténose, l'utilisation de ce type de stents a été associée à une augmentation de la fréquence de thromboses à long terme, probablement en lien avec un défaut de la cicatrisation de l'endothélium. Il est donc impératif de trouver des alternatives thérapeutiques pour la prévention de la resténose intra-stent. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse s'intéresse à l'isoforme gamma de la famille des phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K gamma). La PI3K gamma est très exprimée dans le compartiment hématopoïétique, ce qui lui confère des rôles dans diverses pathologies inflammatoires. Elle est également présente à un plus faible niveau dans le système cardiovasculaire, dont les CML artérielles. D'abord, ce travail a contribué à montrer in vitro que la PI3K gamma, surtout connue pour ses fonctions immunes, participait à la migration des CML artérielles en aval de la chimiokine MCP-1, et indirectement en réponse au PDGF. Antérieurement, la PI3K gamma avait été identifiée au laboratoire comme un acteur déterminant dans les processus immuns de l'athérosclérose, pathologie inflammatoire de la paroi artérielle. Au vu de l'implication cruciale de MCP-1 et du PDGF, de la migration des CML, mais aussi de l'inflammation dans l'hyperplasie intimale, nous avons donc proposé la PI3K gamma comme un acteur potentiel dans cette pathologie in vivo. Ensuite, un modèle d'hyperplasie intimale murin a été adapté au laboratoire afin d'évaluer l'implication de la PI3K gamma. Elle a effectivement pu être incriminée dans ce processus via son activité inflammatoire, grâce à deux modèles d'invalidation génétique et une stratégie d'inhibition pharmacologique de la kinase. Notre travail a également contribué à la compréhension générale des mécanismes de la pathologie : nous avons en effet identifié un rôle délétère des lymphocytes T CD4+ associé à une augmentation drastique de la production de cytokines de type Th1 et Th17 dans l'artère lésée. Dans ce contexte, la PI3Kgamma est capable de moduler la réponse de type Th1. Enfin, au vu des effets secondaires des traitements actuels sur la cicatrisation endothéliale, l'impact d'une invalidation de la PI3K gamma dans ce processus a été étudié. L'absence d'activité PI3K gamma dans le compartiment hématopoïétique a permis d'accélérer la cicatrisation endothéliale. Dans ce même contexte, l'effet d'un revêtement par de nouveaux biomatériaux sur le comportement des cellules endothéliales in vitro a également été évalué, apportant des résultats prometteurs. L'ensemble de ces données désigne la PI3K gamma comme une cible thérapeutique intéressante pour la prévention de la resténose intra-stent puisque son invalidation atténue l'hyperplasie intimale tout en accélérant la cicatrisation endothéliale après une lésion artérielleAngioplasty with stent placement is the most used treatment against symptomatic atherosclerosis. A frequent side effect of this intervention is in-stent restenosis, which leads to a de novo obstruction of the arterial lumen. This pathology is characterized by intimal hyperplasia, a combination of a local inflammation and a phenotypic modulation of medial smooth muscle cells (SMC). In order to overcome this complication, stents have been coated with antiproliferative drugs. Although these devices proved to be efficient in retenosis prevention, their use has been statistically associated with an increase in long term thromboses, probably linked to a defect in endothelial healing. So it is necessary to find alternative treatments for in-stent restenosis prevention. In this context, this work takes an interest in the gamma isoform of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PI3K gamma is highly expressed in the hematopoietic compartment and displays a large variety of functions in numerous inflammatory pathologies. This protein is also expressed at a lower level in the cardiovascular system, in particular in arterial SMC. Firstly, the present work has contributed to show that PI3K gamma, well-known for its immune functions, participates to arterial SMC migration in response to the chemokine MCP-1, and indirectly downstream PDGF. Previously, PI3K gamma has been identified in the laboratory as a key player in the immune processes governing atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Given the crucial involvement of MCP-1 and PDGF, SMC migration and inflammation in intimal hyperplasia, we proposed PI3Kgamma as a potential candidate in the development of this process in vivo. Secondly, a mouse model of intimal hyperplasia has been developed in the laboratory to evaluate the involvement of PI3K gamma. Indeed, we were able to prove that PI3K gamma participated to inflammatory mechanisms of intimal hyperplasia. Our work contributed to the global understanding of the mechanisms underlying this pathology : we have identified a deleterious role of CD4+ T cells accompanied by a drastic increase in Th1 and Th17 cytokines in response to arterial injury. In this context, PI3K gamma was able to modulate Th1 response. Finally, given the side effects of current restenosis treatments upon endothelial healing, the impact of PI3K gamma invalidation in this process has been investigated. Absence of immune PI3K gamma activity enabled an acceleration of endothelial healing. For the same purpose, endothelial cells behavior on new hydrogenocarbonated materials has been evaluated in vitro, bringing promising results. Altogether, these data pinpoint PI3Kgamma as an interesting therapeutic target for in-stent restenosis prevention since its invalidation is both able to prevent restenosis and to accelerate endothelial healing after arterial injur

Internet promotion of Puumala

Nowadays, the industry of tourism widely uses the Internet as a promotion channel. There are many types of internet promotion. The main goal of this paper is to analyse the ways of promotion Puumala, the small municipality of Eastern Finland, on the Internet for Russian customers. Carrying out this research, the methods I employed are an interview and an online survey. Thus, due to this information and the facts taken from the interview with manager of Tour Center I have been able to determine the target group for my future research and current situation of Puumala promotion. Thanks to an online survey, I studied the effectiveness of different ways of promotion such as search engine optimization, email marketing, banner advertising etc. The results show that types such as email marketing, social media marketing and video are more fa-vourable and useful for promotion of tourist destination among Russian tourists. The thesis also gives the recommendations on how to make each of these ways more effective

Estimation of transient process for singularly perturbed synchronization system with distributed parameters

Many systems, arising in electrical and electronic engineering are based on controlled phase synchronization of several periodic processes ("phase synchronization" systems, or PSS). Typically such systems are featured by the gradient-like behavior, i.e. the system has infinite sequence of equilibria points, and any solution converges to one of them. This property however says nothing about the transient behavior of the system, whose important qualitative index is the maximal phase error. The synchronous regime of gradient-like system may be preceded by cycle slipping, i.e. the increase of the absolute phase error. Since the cycle slipping is considered to be undesired behavior of PSSs, it is important to find efficient estimates for the number of slipped cycles. In the present paper, we address the problem of cycle-slipping for phase synchronization systems described by integro-differential Volterra equations with a small parameter at the higher derivative. New effective estimates for a number of slipped cycles are obtained by means of Popov's method of "a priori integral indices". The estimates are uniform with respect to the small parameter.Comment: This preprint is submitted to European Control Conference ECC-201